Cithaeronidae: Difference between revisions

Cithaeronidae
	Cithaeron praedonius
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Subphylum:	Chelicerata
Class:	Arachnida
Order:	Araneae
Infraorder:	Araneomorphae
Family:	Cithaeronidae; Simon, 1893
Genera
	Cithaeron O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1872 ; Inthaeron Platnick, 1991;
Diversity
	2 genera, 11 species

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Latest revision as of 07:27, 23 July 2021

Cithaeronidae is a small family of araneomorph spiders first described by Simon in 1893^[1] Female Cithaeron are about 5 to 7 millimetres (0.20 to 0.28 in) long, males about 4 millimetres (0.16 in).^[2]

They are pale yellowish, fast-moving spiders that actively hunt at night and rest during the day, building silken retreats below rocks.^[3] They prefer very hot, dry stony places.^[2]

Distribution[edit]

While Inthaeron occurs only in India, members of the genus Cithaeron are found in Africa, India and parts of Eurasia. Three adult females of C. praedonius were found in Teresina, Piauí, Brazil. As they were found in and near human housings, they presumably were accidentally introduced.^[3] This is probably also the case for finds in the Northern Territory of Australia.

Another population of C. praedonius has been discovered in Florida U.S.A., with reports of a stable breeding population.(Pers. comm. Joseph Stiles)

Genera and Species[edit]

This section lists all described species accepted by the World Spider Catalog as of December 2020^[update]:^[4]

Cithaeron O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1872

C. contentum Jocqué & Russell-Smith, 2011 — South Africa
C. delimbatus Strand, 1906 — East Africa
C. dippenaarae Bosmans & Van Keer, 2015 — Morocco
C. indicus Platnick & Gajbe, 1994 — India
C. jocqueorum Platnick, 1991 — Ivory Coast
C. praedonius O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1872 (type) — North Africa, Greece, Cyprus, Turkey, Middle East to India, Malaysia. Introduced to USA, Cuba, Brazil, Australia (Northern Territory)
C. reimoseri Platnick, 1991 — Eritrea, Brazil (probably introduced)

Inthaeron Platnick, 1991

I. longipes (Gravely, 1931) — India
I. rossi Platnick, 1991 (type) — India

References[edit]

^ Simon, E. (1893). Histoire naturelle das araignées.
^ ^a ^b Murphy, Frances; Murphy, John (2000). "An Introduction to the Spiders of South East Asia". Malaysian Nature Society, Kuala Lumpur.
^ ^a ^b Carvalho, L.S.; Bonaldo, A. B.; Brescovit, A. D. (2007). "The first record of the family Cithaeronidae (Araneae, Gnaphosoidea) to the new world" (PDF). Revista Brasileira de Zoologia. 24 (2): 512–514. doi:10.1590/S0101-81752007000200034.
^ "Family: Cithaeronidae Simon,1893". World Spider Catalog Version 20.0. Natural History Museum Bern. 2021. doi:10.24436/2. Retrieved 2021-01-08.

Platnick, N.I. (2002): A revision of the Australasian ground spiders of the families Ammoxenidae, Cithaeronidae, Gallieniellidae, and Trochanteriidae (Araneae, Gnaphosoidea). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 271. PDF (26Mb) — Abstract

External links[edit]

Edwards, G.B. & Stiles, J.(2011): The first North American records of the synanthropic spider.
Hi-Res Photographs of Cithaeron praedonius^{[permanent dead link]}

This Cithaeronidae-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.

[1] Simon, E. (1893). Histoire naturelle das araignées.

[Murphy2000-2] Murphy, Frances; Murphy, John (2000). "An Introduction to the Spiders of South East Asia". Malaysian Nature Society, Kuala Lumpur.

[carvalho2007-3] Carvalho, L.S.; Bonaldo, A. B.; Brescovit, A. D. (2007). "The first record of the family Cithaeronidae (Araneae, Gnaphosoidea) to the new world" (PDF). Revista Brasileira de Zoologia. 24 (2): 512–514. doi:10.1590/S0101-81752007000200034.

[NMBE-4] "Family: Cithaeronidae Simon,1893". World Spider Catalog Version 20.0. Natural History Museum Bern. 2021. doi:10.24436/2. Retrieved 2021-01-08.

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[4]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+{{Short description|Family of spiders}}
-{{Taxobox
+{{Automatic taxobox
-| regnum = [[Animal]]ia
+| image = Cithaeron praedonius 67528493.jpg
-| phylum = [[Arthropoda]]
+| image_caption = ''[[Cithaeron praedonius]]''
-| classis = [[Arachnida]]
-| ordo = [[Araneae]]
+| taxon = Cithaeronidae
-| subordo = [[Araneomorphae]]
+| authority = [[Eugène Simon|Simon]], 1893
-| superfamilia = [[Gnaphosoidea]]
-| familia = '''Cithaeronidae'''
-| familia_authority = [[Eugène Simon|Simon]], 1893
-| diversity_link = List of Cithaeronidae species
-| diversity = 2 genera, 6 species
 | range_map = Distribution.cithaeronidae.1.png
+| diversity = [[#Genera|2 genera]], [[List of Cithaeronidae species|11 species]]
-| range_map_width = 250px
 | subdivision_ranks = Genera
-| subdivision =
+| subdivision = {{linked genus list
+  |''[[Cithaeron (spider)|Cithaeron]]''|O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1872
-see text
+  |''[[Inthaeron]]''|Platnick, 1991}}
 }}
+'''Cithaeronidae''' is a small family of [[Araneomorphae|araneomorph]] [[spider]]s first described by [[Eugène Simon|Simon]] in 1893<ref>{{cite book| last=Simon| first=E.| year=1893| title=Histoire naturelle das araignées}}</ref> Female ''Cithaeron'' are about {{convert|5|to|7|mm}} long, males about {{convert|4|mm}}.<ref name=Murphy2000>{{cite journal| last1=Murphy| first1=Frances| last2=Murphy| first2=John| year=2000| title=An Introduction to the Spiders of South East Asia| journal=Malaysian Nature Society, Kuala Lumpur}}</ref>
+They are pale yellowish, fast-moving spiders that actively hunt at night and rest during the day, building silken retreats below rocks.<ref name=carvalho2007>{{cite journal| last1=Carvalho| first1=L.S.| last2=Bonaldo| first2=A. B.| last3=Brescovit| first3=A. D.| year=2007| title=The first record of the family Cithaeronidae (Araneae, Gnaphosoidea) to the new world| journal=Revista Brasileira de Zoologia| volume=24| issue=2| pages=512–514| url=http://www.scielo.br/pdf/rbzool/v24n2/a34v24n2.pdf| doi=10.1590/S0101-81752007000200034}}</ref> They prefer very hot, dry stony places.<ref name=Murphy2000 />
-The '''Cithaeronidae''' are a small spider family with only six species in two genera.
-==Biology==
-Cithaeronidae are fast-moving spiders that actively hunt at night.  They rest during the day in silken retreats they construct below rocks.<ref name=carvalho2007>Carvalho ''et al.'' 2007</ref>. Female ''Cithaeron'' are about 5 to 7 mm long, males about 4 mm. They are pale yellowish, and have a preference for very hot, dry stony places.<ref>Murphy & Murphy 2000: 134</ref>
 ==Distribution==
-While ''Inthaeron'' occurs only in India, members of the genus ''Cithaeron'' can be found in [[Africa]], [[India]] and parts of [[Eurasia]]. Three adult females of ''C. praedonius'' were found in [[Teresina]], [[Piauí]], [[Brazil]]. As they were found in and near human housings, they presumably were accidentally introduced.<ref name=carvalho2007/> This is probably also the case for finds in the [[Northern Territory]] of [[Australia]].
+While ''Inthaeron'' occurs only in India, members of the genus ''Cithaeron'' are found in [[Africa]], [[India]] and parts of [[Eurasia]]. Three adult females of ''C. praedonius'' were found in [[Teresina]], [[Piauí]], [[Brazil]].  As they were found in and near human housings, they presumably were accidentally introduced.<ref name=carvalho2007/> This is probably also the case for finds in the [[Northern Territory]] of [[Australia]].
+Another population of ''C. praedonius'' has been discovered in Florida U.S.A., with reports of a stable breeding population.(Pers. comm. Joseph Stiles)
-==Species==
-''[[Cithaeron (spider)|Cithaeron]]'' <small>[[Octavius Pickard-Cambridge|O. P-Cambridge]], 1872</small>
+==Genera and Species==
-* ''[[Cithaeron delimbatus]]'' <small>[[Embrik Strand|Strand]], 1906</small> — [[East Africa]]
+This section lists all described [[species]] accepted by the [[World Spider Catalog]] {{as of|2020|12|lc=y}}:<ref name=NMBE>{{cite journal| title=Family: Cithaeronidae Simon,1893| website=World Spider Catalog Version 20.0| access-date=2021-01-08| year=2021| publisher=Natural History Museum Bern| url=http://www.wsc.nmbe.ch/family/16| doi=10.24436/2}}</ref>
-* ''[[Cithaeron indicus]]'' <small>[[Norman I. Platnick|Platnick]] & Gajbe, 1994</small> — India
-* ''[[Cithaeron jocqueorum]]'' <small>Platnick, 1991</small> — [[Ivory Coast]]
-* ''[[Cithaeron praedonius]]'' <small>O. P.-Cambridge, 1872</small> — [[Greece]], [[Libya]] to [[Malaysia]], Australia and Brazil
+''[[Cithaeron_(spider)|Cithaeron]]'' <small>O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1872</small>
-* ''[[Cithaeron reimoseri]]'' <small>Platnick, 1991</small> — [[Ethiopia]]
+* ''[[Cithaeron contentum|C. contentum]]'' <small>Jocqué & Russell-Smith, 2011</small> — South Africa
+* ''[[Cithaeron delimbatus|C. delimbatus]]'' <small>Strand, 1906</small> — East Africa
+* ''[[Cithaeron dippenaarae|C. dippenaarae]]'' <small>Bosmans & Van Keer, 2015</small> — Morocco
+* ''[[Cithaeron indicus|C. indicus]]'' <small>Platnick & Gajbe, 1994</small> — India
+* ''[[Cithaeron jocqueorum|C. jocqueorum]]'' <small>Platnick, 1991</small> — Ivory Coast
+* ''[[Cithaeron praedonius|C. praedonius]]'' <small>O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1872</small> ([[Type species|type]]) — North Africa, Greece, Cyprus, Turkey, Middle East to India, Malaysia. Introduced to USA, Cuba, Brazil, Australia (Northern Territory)
+* ''[[Cithaeron reimoseri|C. reimoseri]]'' <small>Platnick, 1991</small> — Eritrea, Brazil (probably introduced)
 ''[[Inthaeron]]'' <small>Platnick, 1991</small>
-* ''[[Inthaeron rossi]]'' <small>Platnick, 1991</small> — India
+* ''[[Inthaeron longipes|I. longipes]]'' <small>(Gravely, 1931)</small> — India
+* ''[[Inthaeron rossi|I. rossi]]'' <small>Platnick, 1991</small> ([[Type species|type]]) — India
-==Notes==
+==References==
 {{reflist}}
+*{{aut|Platnick, N.I.}} (2002): A revision of the Australasian ground spiders of the families Ammoxenidae, Cithaeronidae, Gallieniellidae, and Trochanteriidae (Araneae, Gnaphosoidea). ''Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History'' '''271'''. [http://digitallibrary.amnh.org/dspace/bitstream/2246/494/1/B271.pdf PDF (26Mb)] — [http://digitallibrary.amnh.org/dspace/handle/2246/494 Abstract]
-==References==
-* {{aut|Murphy, Frances & Murphy, John}} (2000): An Introduction to the Spiders of South East Asia. ''Malaysian Nature Society'', Kuala Lumpur.
-*{{aut|Platnick, N.I.}} (2002): A revision of the Australasian ground spiders of the families Ammoxenidae, Cithaeronidae, Gallieniellidae, and Trochanteriidae (Araneae, Gnaphosoidea). ''Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History'' '''271'''. [http://digitallibrary.amnh.org/dspace/bitstream/2246/494/1/B271.pdf PDF (26Mb)] — [http://digitallibrary.amnh.org/dspace/handle/2246/494 Abstract]
-* {{aut|Carvalho, L.S.; Bonaldo, A.B. & Brescovit, A.D.}} (2007): The first record of the family Cithaeronidae (Araneae, Gnaphosoidea) to the new world. ''Revista Brasileira de Zoologia'' '''24'''(2): 512–514. [http://www.scielo.br/pdf/rbzool/v24n2/a34v24n2.pdf PDF (124kb)]
-* {{aut|Platnick, Norman I.}} (2009): [http://research.amnh.org/entomology/spiders/catalog/CITHAERONIDAE.html The world spider catalog], version 10.0. ''American Museum of Natural History''.
 ==External links==
+* {{aut|Edwards, G.B. & Stiles, J.}}(2011): [http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1698&context=insectamundi The first North American records of the synanthropic spider].
-* [http://colecoes.inpa.gov.br/sb/aranhasnaofuncionalu/IMARA/Cithaeronidae%20Cithaeron%20praedonius/?C=S;O=D Hi-Res Photographs of ''Cithaeron praedonius'']
+* [http://colecoes.inpa.gov.br/sb/aranhasnaofuncionalu/IMARA/Cithaeronidae%20Cithaeron%20praedonius/?C=S;O=D Hi-Res Photographs of ''Cithaeron praedonius'']{{dead link|date=August 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
+{{Wikispecies|Cithaeronidae}}
-{{spider-stub}}
-{{wikispecies|Cithaeronidae}}
 {{Araneae}}
+{{Taxonbar|from=Q8631}}
+[[Category:Cithaeronidae| ]]
+[[Category:Araneomorphae families]]
-[[Category:Lists of spider species]]
-[[Category:Araneomorphae]]
+{{Cithaeronidae-stub}}
-[[ca:Citerònid]]
-[[fr:Cithaeronidae]]
-[[it:Cithaeronidae]]
-[[nl:Cithaeronidae]]
-[[no:Cithaeronidae]]