Ray spider: Difference between revisions

Ray spiders; Temporal range: Turonian–present PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N
	Wendilgarda, female
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Subphylum:	Chelicerata
Class:	Arachnida
Order:	Araneae
Infraorder:	Araneomorphae
Family:	Theridiosomatidae; Simon, 1881
Diversity
	20 genera, 132 species

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Latest revision as of 01:52, 8 September 2023

Theridiosomatidae, commonly known as Ray Spiders, are a family of araneomorph spiders first described by Eugène Simon in 1881.^[2] The family includes 137 species divided between 20 genera.^[1] They are most recognizable for their construction of cone-shaped webs.^[3]

Genera[edit]

As of April 2023^[update], the World Spider Catalog accepts the following genera:^[1]

Andasta Simon, 1895 – Seychelles, Malaysia, Sri Lanka
Baalzebub Coddington, 1986 – Central America, Brazil, Australia, China
Chthonopes Wunderlich, 2011 – Laos
Chthonos Coddington, 1986 – Ecuador, Brazil, Peru
Coddingtonia Miller, Griswold & Yin, 2009 – Malaysia, Laos
Cuacuba Prete, Cizauskas & Brescovit, 2018
Epeirotypus O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1894 – Mexico, Costa Rica
Epilineutes Coddington, 1986 – Mexico, Brazil
Karstia Chen, 2010 – China
Menglunia Zhao & Li, 2012 – China
Naatlo Coddington, 1986 – Central America, South America, Trinidad and Tobago
Ogulnius O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1882 – South America, Caribbean, Panama, Asia
Parogulnius Archer, 1953 – United States
Plato Coddington, 1986 – South America, Trinidad
Sennin Suzuki, Hiramatsu & Tatsuta, 2022 – Japan
Sinoalaria Zhao & Li, 2014 – China
Tagalogonia Labarque & Griswold, 2014 – Philippines
Theridiosoma O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1879 – South America, Africa, Oceania, North America, Asia, Central America, Jamaica
Wendilgarda Keyserling, 1886 – Asia, São Tomé and Príncipe, Central America, Brazil, Mexico, Caribbean
Zoma Saaristo, 1996 – China, Seychelles

Fossil species[edit]

†Eoepeirotypus Wunderlich 2004 Baltic amber, Eocene
†Eotheridiosoma Wunderlich 2004 Bitterfeld amber, Baltic amber, Eocene
†Palaeoepeirotypus Wunderlich 1988 Dominican amber, Miocene
†Umerosoma Wunderlich 2004 Baltic amber, Eocene
†"Baalzebub" mesozoicum Penney 2014 - Vendée amber, France, Turonian^[4] later considered to be stem-theridiosomatid^[5]

References[edit]

^ ^a ^b ^c "Family: Theridiosomatidae Simon, 1881". World Spider Catalog. Natural History Museum Bern. Retrieved 2023-04-25.
^ Simon, E. (1881). Les arachnides de France. Tome cinquième, première partie.
^ Kaston, B.J. (1972). How to Know the Spiders. Pictured key nature series (3rd ed.). Dubuque, IA: Wm C. Brown Company Publishers. ISBN 9780697048981. OCLC 668250654.
^ "A fossil ray spider (Araneae: Theridiosomatidae) in Cretaceous amber from Vendée, France". Paleontological Contributions. 2014-12-01. doi:10.17161/pc.1808.15982. ISSN 1946-0279.
^ Magalhaes, Ivan L. F.; Azevedo, Guilherme H. F.; Michalik, Peter; Ramírez, Martín J. (February 2020). "The fossil record of spiders revisited: implications for calibrating trees and evidence for a major faunal turnover since the Mesozoic". Biological Reviews. 95 (1): 184–217. doi:10.1111/brv.12559. ISSN 1464-7931. PMID 31713947. S2CID 207937170.

External links[edit]

This Theridiosomatidae-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.

[NMBE-1] "Family: Theridiosomatidae Simon, 1881". World Spider Catalog. Natural History Museum Bern. Retrieved 2023-04-25.

[2] Simon, E. (1881). Les arachnides de France. Tome cinquième, première partie.

[3] Kaston, B.J. (1972). How to Know the Spiders. Pictured key nature series (3rd ed.). Dubuque, IA: Wm C. Brown Company Publishers. ISBN 9780697048981. OCLC 668250654.

[4] "A fossil ray spider (Araneae: Theridiosomatidae) in Cretaceous amber from Vendée, France". Paleontological Contributions. 2014-12-01. doi:10.17161/pc.1808.15982. ISSN 1946-0279.

[5] Magalhaes, Ivan L. F.; Azevedo, Guilherme H. F.; Michalik, Peter; Ramírez, Martín J. (February 2020). "The fossil record of spiders revisited: implications for calibrating trees and evidence for a major faunal turnover since the Mesozoic". Biological Reviews. 95 (1): 184–217. doi:10.1111/brv.12559. ISSN 1464-7931. PMID 31713947. S2CID 207937170.

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@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+{{short description|Family of spiders}}
 {{Automatic taxobox
+| fossil_range = {{Fossil range|Turonian|present}}
-| taxon = Theridiosomatidae
 | name = Ray spiders
 | image = Wendilgarda.sp.female.-.tanikawa.jpg
-| image_caption = female ''Wendilgarda''
+| image_caption = ''[[Wendilgarda]]'', female
+| taxon = Theridiosomatidae
-| authority = [[Eugène Simon|Simon]], 1881
+| authority = [[Eugène Simon|Simon]], 1881<ref name=NMBE/>
-| diversity_link = List of Theridiosomatidae species
-| diversity = 18 genera, 106 species
-| diversity_ref = <ref name=WSC_stats/>
 | range_map = Distribution.theridiosomatidae.1.png
-| subdivision_ranks = Genera
+| subdivision_ranks =
-| subdivision = See text.
+| subdivision =
+| diversity = [[#Genera|20 genera]], [[List of Theridiosomatidae species|132 species]]
-}}
+}}'''Theridiosomatidae,''' commonly known as '''Ray Spiders,''' are a family of [[Araneomorphae|araneomorph]] [[Spider|spiders]] first described by [[Eugène Simon]] in 1881.<ref>{{cite book| last=Simon| first=E.| author-link=Eugène Simon| year=1881| title=Les arachnides de France. Tome cinquième, première partie}}</ref> The family includes 137 [[species]] divided between 20 [[genus|genera]].<ref name="NMBE" /> They are most recognizable for their construction of cone-shaped webs.<ref>{{cite book |first=B.J. |last=Kaston |author-link=B. J. Kaston |title=How to Know the Spiders |edition=3rd |series=Pictured key nature series |publisher=Wm C. Brown Company Publishers |location=Dubuque, IA |date=1972 |isbn=9780697048981 |oclc=668250654 }}</ref>
-The '''ray spiders''' (family '''Theridiosomatidae''') are [[spider]]s most recognizable for their construction of cone-shaped webs. {{As of|2015|October}}, the family consisted of 106 species in 18 genera.<ref name=WSC_stats>{{citation |title=Currently valid spider genera and species |work=World Spider Catalog |publisher=Natural History Museum Bern |url=http://www.wsc.nmbe.ch/statistics |accessdate=2015-10-12 }}</ref>
 ==Genera==
-{{As of|2015|October}}, the [[World Spider Catalog]] accepts 18 genera:<ref name=WSC_f102>{{citation |title=Family Theridiosomatidae Simon, 1881 |work=World Spider Catalog |publisher=Natural History Museum Bern |url=http://www.wsc.nmbe.ch/genlist/102 |accessdate=2015-10-12 }}</ref>
+{{as of|2023|04}}, the [[World Spider Catalog]] accepts the following genera:<ref name="NMBE">{{cite web |title=Family: Theridiosomatidae Simon, 1881 |url=http://www.wsc.nmbe.ch/family/102 |access-date=2023-04-25 |website=World Spider Catalog |publisher=Natural History Museum Bern}}</ref>
+{{div col|colwidth=30em}}
+*''[[Andasta]]'' <small>Simon, 1895</small> – Seychelles, Malaysia, Sri Lanka
+*''[[Baalzebub_(spider)|Baalzebub]]'' <small>Coddington, 1986</small> – Central America, Brazil, Australia, China
+*''[[Chthonopes]]'' <small>Wunderlich, 2011</small> – Laos
+*''[[Chthonos]]'' <small>Coddington, 1986</small> – Ecuador, Brazil, Peru
+*''[[Coddingtonia]]'' <small>Miller, Griswold & Yin, 2009</small> – Malaysia, Laos
+*''[[Cuacuba]]'' <small>Prete, Cizauskas & Brescovit, 2018</small>
+*''[[Epeirotypus]]'' <small>O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1894</small> – Mexico, Costa Rica
+*''[[Epilineutes]]'' <small>Coddington, 1986</small> – Mexico, Brazil
+*''[[Karstia]]'' <small>Chen, 2010</small> – China
+*''[[Menglunia]]'' <small>Zhao & Li, 2012</small> – China
+*''[[Naatlo]]'' <small>Coddington, 1986</small> – Central America, South America, Trinidad and Tobago
+*''[[Ogulnius]]'' <small>O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1882</small> – South America, Caribbean, Panama, Asia
+*''[[Parogulnius]]'' <small>Archer, 1953</small> – United States
+*''[[Plato_(spider)|Plato]]'' <small>Coddington, 1986</small> – South America, Trinidad
+*''[[Sennin]]'' <small>Suzuki, Hiramatsu & Tatsuta, 2022</small> – Japan
+*''[[Sinoalaria]]'' <small>Zhao & Li, 2014</small> – China
+*''[[Tagalogonia]]'' <small>Labarque & Griswold, 2014</small> – Philippines
+*''[[Theridiosoma]]'' <small>O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1879</small> – South America, Africa, Oceania, North America, Asia, Central America, Jamaica
+*''[[Wendilgarda]]'' <small>Keyserling, 1886</small> – Asia, São Tomé and Príncipe, Central America, Brazil, Mexico, Caribbean
+*''[[Zoma_(spider)|Zoma]]'' <small>Saaristo, 1996</small> – China, Seychelles
+{{div col end}}
+=== Fossil species ===
+* †''Eoepeirotypus'' <small>Wunderlich 2004</small> [[Baltic amber]], [[Eocene]]
-{{Div col|2}}
-*''[[Andasta]]'' <small>Simon, 1895</small>
+* †''Eotheridiosoma'' <small>Wunderlich 2004</small> [[Bitterfeld amber]], Baltic amber, Eocene
-*''[[Baalzebub (spider)|Baalzebub]]'' <small>Coddington, 1986</small>
+* †''Palaeoepeirotypus'' <small>Wunderlich 1988</small> [[Dominican amber]], [[Miocene]]
-*''[[Chthonopes]]'' <small>Wunderlich, 2011</small>
+* †''Umerosoma'' <small>Wunderlich 2004</small> Baltic amber, Eocene
+* †"''Baalzebub''" ''mesozoicum'' {{small|Penney 2014}} - [[Vendée amber]], France, [[Turonian]]<ref>{{Cite journal|date=2014-12-01|title=A fossil ray spider (Araneae: Theridiosomatidae) in Cretaceous amber from Vendée, France|journal=Paleontological Contributions|doi=10.17161/pc.1808.15982|issn=1946-0279|doi-access=free}}</ref> later considered to be stem-theridiosomatid<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Magalhaes|first1=Ivan L. F.|last2=Azevedo|first2=Guilherme H. F.|last3=Michalik|first3=Peter|last4=Ramírez|first4=Martín J.|date=February 2020|title=The fossil record of spiders revisited: implications for calibrating trees and evidence for a major faunal turnover since the Mesozoic|url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/brv.12559|journal=Biological Reviews|language=en|volume=95|issue=1|pages=184–217|doi=10.1111/brv.12559|pmid=31713947|s2cid=207937170|issn=1464-7931}}</ref>
-*''[[Chthonos]]'' <small>Coddington, 1986</small>
-*''[[Coddingtonia (spider)|Coddingtonia]]'' <small>Miller, Griswold & Yin, 2009</small>
-*''[[Epeirotypus]]'' <small>O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1894</small>
-*''[[Epilineutes]]'' <small>Coddington, 1986</small>
-*''[[Karstia]]'' <small>Chen, 2010</small>
-*''[[Luangnam]]'' <small>Wunderlich, 2011</small>
-*''[[Menglunia]]'' <small>Zhao & Li, 2012</small>
-*''[[Naatlo]]'' <small>Coddington, 1986</small>
-*''[[Ogulnius]]'' <small>O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1882</small>
-*''[[Parogulnius]]'' <small>Archer, 1953</small>
-*''[[Plato (spider)|Plato]]'' <small>Coddington, 1986</small>
-*''[[Sinoalaria]]'' <small>Zhao & Li, 2014</small>
-*''[[Theridiosoma]]'' <small>O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1879</small>
-*''[[Wendilgarda]]'' <small>Keyserling, 1886</small>
-*''[[Zoma (spider)|Zoma]]'' <small>Saaristo, 1996</small>
-{{Div col end}}
 ==See also==
 * [[List of Theridiosomatidae species]]
-* [[Spider families]]
 ==References==
 {{Reflist}}
-*{{cite book |first=B.J. |last=Kaston |author-link=B. J. Kaston |title=How to Know the Spiders |edition=3rd |series=Pictured key nature series |publisher=Wm C. Brown Company Publishers |location=Dubuque, IA |date=1972 |oclc=668250654 }}
 ==External links==
@@ Line 54: / Line 60: @@
 [[Category:Spiders of South America]]
-[[Category:Theridiosomatidae| ]]
+[[Category:Theridiosomatidae|Theridiosomatidae]]
-{{Araneomorphae-stub}}
+{{Theridiosomatidae-stub}}

Latest revision as of 01:52, 8 September 2023

Genera[edit]

Fossil species[edit]

See also[edit]

References[edit]

External links[edit]