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{{short description|Family of spiders}}
{{Short description|Family of spiders}}
{{Automatic taxobox
{{Automatic taxobox
| fossil_range = {{Fossil range|Palaeogene|present}}
| fossil_range = {{Fossil range|Palaeogene|present}}
| taxon = Pimoidae
| taxon = Pimoidae
| authority = Wunderlich, 1986
| authority = Wunderlich, 1986
⚫
| diversity = [[#Genera|2 genera]], [[#Genera|85 species]]<ref name=HormKulkdaSDimi21/>
| range_map = Distribution.pimoidae.1.png
| range_map_upright = 1.15
⚫
| diversity = [[#Genera|4 genera]], [[#Genera|42 species]]
}}
}}


'''Pimoidae''' is a small family of [[Araneomorphae|araneomorph]] [[spider]]s first described by J. Wunderlich in 1986.<ref>{{cite book| last=Wunderlich| first=J.| year=1986| title=Spinnenfauna gestern und heute: Fossile Spinnen in Bernstein und ihre heute lebenden Verwandten}}</ref> It contains 37 species in four genera and is [[monophyly|monophyletic]].<ref>{{cite journal| last=Hormiga| first=Gustavo| year=2003| title=''Weintrauboa'', a new genus of pimoid spiders from Japan and adjacent islands, with comments on the monophyly and diagnosis of the family Pimoidae and the genus ''Pimoa'' (Araneoidea, Araneae)| journal=Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society| volume=139| issue=2| pages=261–281| doi=10.1046/j.1096-3642.2003.00072.x| url=http://www.gwu.edu/~spiders/content/publications/Hormiga%20ZJLS%202003.pdf| doi-access=free}}</ref> It is closely related to the [[Linyphiidae]],<ref name=Horm1994>{{cite journal| last=Hormiga| first=Gustavo| year=1994| title=A Revision and Cladistic Analysis of the Spider Family Pimoidae (Araneoidea: Araneae)| journal=Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology| volume=549| pages=533–542}}</ref> and is sometimes treated as synonymous with that family.<ref>{{cite book | last1=Murphy| first1=J. A.| last2=Roberts| first2=M. J.| year=2015| title=Spider families of the world and their spinnerets| publisher=British Arachnological Society |isbn=978-0950009377 }}</ref>
'''Pimoidae''' is a small family of [[Araneomorphae|araneomorph]] [[spider]]s first described by J. Wunderlich in 1986.<ref>{{cite book| last=Wunderlich| first=J.| year=1986| title=Spinnenfauna gestern und heute: Fossile Spinnen in Bernstein und ihre heute lebenden Verwandten}}</ref> As [[Circumscription (taxonomy)|re-circumscribed]] in 2021, it is [[Monophyly|monophyletic]],<ref name=HormKulkdaSDimi21/> and contained 85 species in two genera.<ref name=WSC_stats/> It is closely related to the [[Linyphiidae]],<ref name=HormKulkdaSDimi21/><ref name=Horm1994>{{cite journal| last=Hormiga| first=Gustavo| year=1994| title=A Revision and Cladistic Analysis of the Spider Family Pimoidae (Araneoidea: Araneae)| journal=Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology| volume=549| pages=533–542}}</ref> and is sometimes treated as synonymous with that family.<ref>{{cite book | last1=Murphy| first1=J. A.| last2=Roberts| first2=M. J.| year=2015| title=Spider families of the world and their spinnerets| publisher=British Arachnological Society |isbn=978-0950009377 }}</ref>


The species ''[[Pimoa cthulhu]]'', described by Gustavo Hormiga in 1994, is named for [[H. P. Lovecraft|Howard Phillips Lovecraft's]] mythological deity [[Cthulhu]].<ref name=Horm1994 />
The species ''[[Pimoa cthulhu]]'', described by Gustavo Hormiga in 1994, is named for [[H. P. Lovecraft|Howard Phillips Lovecraft's]] mythological deity [[Cthulhu]].<ref name=Horm1994 />


==Distribution==
==Distribution==
The ancestors of the family are thought to have been widely distributed across the [[Palearctic]], [[Nearctic]] and Sino-Japanese regions, but species now have a more fragmented distribution.<ref name=HormKulkdaSDimi21/>
Pimoidae forms a relictual group along the western coast of North America, Europe ([[Alps]], [[Apennine Mountains|Apennines]] and [[Cantabrian Mountains]] of northern [[Spain]]) and the [[Himalayas]]. This makes a [[holarctic]] predecessor probable. In 2003, a species was found in [[Japan]].


==Genera==
==Genera and species==
{{Anchor|Species}}<!--redirect here-->
{{main|List of Pimoidae species}}
{{as of|2019|04}}, the [[World Spider Catalog]] accepts the following genera:<ref name=NMBE>{{cite web| title=Family: Pimoidae Wunderlich, 1986| website=World Spider Catalog| access-date=2019-04-23| publisher=Natural History Museum Bern| url=http://www.wsc.nmbe.ch/family/78}}</ref>
{{as of|2022|04}}, the [[World Spider Catalog]] accepted the following genera and species:<ref name=NMBE>{{cite web| title=Family: Pimoidae Wunderlich, 1986| website=World Spider Catalog| access-date=2022-04-22| publisher=Natural History Museum Bern| url=http://www.wsc.nmbe.ch/family/78}}</ref>


'''''[[Nanoa]]''''' <small>Hormiga, Buckle & Scharff, 2005</small>
*''[[Nanoa]]'' <small>Hormiga, Buckle & Scharff, 2005</small>
**''[[Nanoa enana]]'' <small>Hormiga, Buckle & Scharff, 2005</small> — USA
{{Specieslist
| ''[[Nanoa enana]]''|<small>Hormiga, Buckle & Scharff, 2005</small> — USA
*''[[Pimoa]]'' <small>Chamberlin & Ivie, 1943</small> — North America, Asia, Europe
**''[[Pimoa altioculata]]'' <small>(Keyserling, 1886)</small> – USA, Canada
⚫
}}
**''[[Pimoa anatolica]]'' <small>Hormiga, 1994</small> – China

'''''[[Pimoa]]''''' <small>Chamberlin & Ivie, 1943</small> — North America, Asia, Europe
**''[[Pimoa anning]]'' <small>Zhang & Li, 2021</small> – China
**''[[Pimoa binchuanensis]]'' <small>Zhang & Li, 2019</small> – China
{{Specieslist
|''[[Pimoa altioculata]]''|<small>(Keyserling, 1886)</small> — USA, Canada
**''[[Pimoa bomi]]'' <small>Zhang & Li, 2021</small> – China
|''[[Pimoa anatolica]]''|<small>Hormiga, 1994</small> — China
**''[[Pimoa breuili]]'' <small>(Fage, 1931)</small> – Spain
|''[[Pimoa breuili]]''|<small>(Fage, 1931)</small> — Spain
**''[[Pimoa breviata]]'' <small>Chamberlin & Ivie, 1943</small> – USA
|''[[Pimoa breviata]]''|<small>Chamberlin & Ivie, 1943</small> — USA
**''[[Pimoa cawarong]]'' <small>Zhang & Li, 2021</small> – China
|''[[Pimoa clavata]]''|<small>Xu & Li, 2007</small> — China
**''[[Pimoa clavata]]'' <small>Xu & Li, 2007</small> – China
|''[[Pimoa crispa]]''|<small>(Fage, 1946)</small> — India
**''[[Pimoa cona]]'' <small>Zhang & Li, 2020</small> – China
|''[[Pimoa cthulhu]]''|<small>Hormiga, 1994</small> — USA
**''[[Pimoa crispa]]'' <small>(Fage, 1946)</small> – India
|''[[Pimoa curvata]]''|<small>Chamberlin & Ivie, 1943</small> — USA
**''[[Pimoa cthulhu]]'' <small>Hormiga, 1994</small> – USA
|''[[Pimoa delphinica]]''|<small>Mammola, Hormiga & Isaia, 2016</small> — Italy
**''[[Pimoa curvata]]'' <small>Chamberlin & Ivie, 1943</small> – USA
|''[[Pimoa edenticulata]]''|<small>Hormiga, 1994</small> — USA
**''[[Pimoa daman]]'' <small>Zhang & Li, 2021</small> – Nepal
|''[[Pimoa gandhii]]''|<small>Hormiga, 1994</small> — India
**''[[Pimoa danba]]'' <small>Zhang & Li, 2021</small> – China
|''[[Pimoa graphitica]]''|<small>Mammola, Hormiga & Isaia, 2016</small> — Italy, France
**''[[Pimoa delphinica]]'' <small>Mammola, Hormiga & Isaia, 2016</small> – Italy
|''[[Pimoa haden]]''|<small>Chamberlin & Ivie, 1943</small> — USA
**''[[Pimoa deqen]]'' <small>Zhang & Li, 2021</small> – China
|''[[Pimoa hespera]]''|<small>(Gertsch & Ivie, 1936)</small> — USA
**''[[Pimoa dongjiu]]'' <small>Zhang & Li, 2021</small> – China
|''[[Pimoa indiscreta]]''|<small>Hormiga, 1994</small> — India
**''[[Pimoa duiba]]'' <small>Zhang & Li, 2020</small> – China
|''[[Pimoa jellisoni]]''|<small>(Gertsch & Ivie, 1936)</small> — USA
**''[[Pimoa edenticulata]]'' <small>Hormiga, 1994</small> – USA
|''[[Pimoa lata]]''|<small>Xu & Li, 2009</small> — China
**''[[Pimoa exigua]]'' <small>Irfan, Wang & Zhang, 2021</small> – China
|''[[Pimoa laurae]]''|<small>Hormiga, 1994</small> — USA
**''[[Pimoa gagna]]'' <small>Zhang & Li, 2021</small> – India
|''[[Pimoa lihengae]]''|<small>Griswold, Long & Hormiga, 1999</small> — China
**''[[Pimoa gandhii]]'' <small>Hormiga, 1994</small> – India
|''[[Pimoa mephitis]]''|<small>Hormiga, 1994</small> — USA
**''[[Pimoa graphitica]]'' <small>Mammola, Hormiga & Isaia, 2016</small> – Italy, France
|''[[Pimoa mono]]''|<small>Hormiga, 1994</small> — USA
**''[[Pimoa guiqing]]'' <small>Zhang & Li, 2021</small> – China
|''[[Pimoa nematoides]]''|<small>Hormiga, 1994</small> — Nepal
**''[[Pimoa gyaca]]'' <small>Zhang & Li, 2021</small> – China
|''[[Pimoa petita]]''|<small>Hormiga, 1994</small> — USA
**''[[Pimoa gyara]]'' <small>Zhang & Li, 2021</small> – China
|''[[Pimoa reniformis]]''|<small>Xu & Li, 2007</small> — China
**''[[Pimoa gyirong]]'' <small>Zhang & Li, 2021</small> – China
|''[[Pimoa rupicola]]''|<small>(Simon, 1884)</small> — France, Italy
**''[[Pimoa haden]]'' <small>Chamberlin & Ivie, 1943</small> – USA
|''[[Pimoa sinuosa]]''|<small>Hormiga, 1994</small> — Nepal
**''[[Pimoa heishui]]'' <small>Zhang & Li, 2021</small> – China
|''[[Pimoa tehama]]''|<small>Hormiga & Lew, 2014</small> — USA
**''[[Pimoa hespera]]'' <small>(Gertsch & Ivie, 1936)</small> ([[type species]]) – USA
|''[[Pimoa thaleri]]''|<small>Trotta, 2009</small> — India
**''[[Pimoa indiscreta]]'' <small>Hormiga, 1994</small> – India
|''[[Pimoa trifurcata]]''|<small>Xu & Li, 2007</small> — China
**''[[Pimoa jellisoni]]'' <small>(Gertsch & Ivie, 1936)</small> – USA
|''[[Pimoa vera]]''|<small>Gertsch, 1951</small> — USA
**''[[Pimoa jinchuan]]'' <small>Zhang & Li, 2021</small> – China
**''[[Pimoa khaptad]]'' <small>Zhang & Li, 2021</small> – Nepal
}}
**''[[Pimoa koshi]]'' <small>Zhang & Li, 2021</small> – Nepal

**''[[Pimoa lata]]'' <small>Xu & Li, 2009</small> – China
==See also==
**''[[Pimoa laurae]]'' <small>Hormiga, 1994</small> – USA
* [[List of Pimoidae species]]
**''[[Pimoa lemenba]]'' <small>Zhang & Li, 2020</small> – China
**''[[Pimoa lhatog]]'' <small>Zhang & Li, 2021</small> – China
**''[[Pimoa lihengae]]'' <small>Griswold, Long & Hormiga, 1999</small> – China
**''[[Pimoa mainling]]'' <small>Zhang & Li, 2020</small> – China
**''[[Pimoa mechi]]'' <small>Zhang & Li, 2021</small> – Nepal
**''[[Pimoa mephitis]]'' <small>Hormiga, 1994</small> – USA
**''[[Pimoa miandam]]'' <small>Zhang & Li, 2021</small> – Pakistan
**''[[Pimoa miero]]'' <small>Zhang & Li, 2021</small> – China
**''[[Pimoa mono]]'' <small>Hormiga, 1994</small> – USA
**''[[Pimoa mude]]'' <small>Zhang & Li, 2021</small> – Nepal
**''[[Pimoa muli]]'' <small>Zhang & Li, 2021</small> – China
**''[[Pimoa nainital]]'' <small>Zhang & Li, 2021</small> – India
**''[[Pimoa naran]]'' <small>Zhang & Li, 2021</small> – Pakistan
**''[[Pimoa nematoides]]'' <small>Hormiga, 1994</small> – Nepal
**''[[Pimoa ninglang]]'' <small>Zhang & Li, 2021</small> – China
**''[[Pimoa nyalam]]'' <small>Zhang & Li, 2021</small> – China
**''[[Pimoa nyingchi]]'' <small>Zhang & Li, 2020</small> – China
**''[[Pimoa petita]]'' <small>Hormiga, 1994</small> – USA
**''[[Pimoa phaplu]]'' <small>Zhang & Li, 2021</small> – Nepal
**''[[Pimoa pingwuensis]]'' <small>Irfan, Wang, Zhao & Zhang, 2022</small> – China
**''[[Pimoa putou]]'' <small>Zhang & Li, 2021</small> – China
**''[[Pimoa rara]]'' <small>Zhang & Li, 2021</small> – Nepal
**''[[Pimoa reniformis]]'' <small>Xu & Li, 2007</small> – China
**''[[Pimoa rongxar]]'' <small>Zhang & Li, 2020</small> – China
**''[[Pimoa rupicola]]'' <small>(Simon, 1884)</small> – France, Italy
**''[[Pimoa samyai]]'' <small>Zhang & Li, 2020</small> – China
**''[[Pimoa sangri]]'' <small>Zhang & Li, 2021</small> – China
**''[[Pimoa shigatse]]'' <small>Zhang & Li, 2021</small> – China
**''[[Pimoa shoja]]'' <small>Zhang & Li, 2021</small> – India
**''[[Pimoa sinuosa]]'' <small>Hormiga, 1994</small> – Nepal
**''[[Pimoa tehama]]'' <small>Hormiga & Lew, 2014</small> – USA
**''[[Pimoa tengchong]]'' <small>Zhang & Li, 2021</small> – China
**''[[Pimoa thaleri]]'' <small>Trotta, 2009</small> – India
**''[[Pimoa trifurcata]]'' <small>Xu & Li, 2007</small> – China
**''[[Pimoa vera]]'' <small>Gertsch, 1951</small> – USA
**''[[Pimoa wanglangensis]]'' <small>Yuan, Zhao & Zhang, 2019</small> – China
**''[[Pimoa wulipoensis]]'' <small>Irfan, Wang & Zhang, 2021</small> – China
**''[[Pimoa xiahe]]'' <small>Zhang & Li, 2021</small> – China
**''[[Pimoa xinjianensis]]'' <small>Zhang & Li, 2019</small> – China
**''[[Pimoa yadong]]'' <small>Zhang & Li, 2020</small> – China
**''[[Pimoa yajiangensis]]'' <small>Irfan, Wang, Zhao & Zhang, 2022</small> – China
**''[[Pimoa yejiei]]'' <small>Zhang & Li, 2021</small> – China
**''[[Pimoa yele]]'' <small>Zhang & Li, 2021</small> – China
**''[[Pimoa zayu]]'' <small>Zhang & Li, 2021</small> – China
**''[[Pimoa zekogensis]]'' <small>Irfan, Wang, Zhao & Zhang, 2022</small> – China
**''[[Pimoa zhigangi]]'' <small>Zhang & Li, 2021</small> – China


==References==
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Reflist|refs=
<ref name=HormKulkdaSDimi21>{{Cite journal |last1=Hormiga |first1=Gustavo |last2=Kulkarni |first2=Siddharth |last3=da Silva Moreira |first3=Thiago |last4=Dimitrov |first4=Dimitar |date=2021 |title=Molecular phylogeny of pimoid spiders and the limits of Linyphiidae, with a reassessment of male palpal homologies (Araneae, Pimoidae) |journal=Zootaxa |volume=5026 |issue=1 |pages=71–101 |doi=10.11646/zootaxa.5026.1.3 |pmid=34810940 |s2cid=238681925 |name-list-style=amp }}</ref>


<ref name=WSC_stats>{{cite web |title=Currently valid spider genera and species |work=World Spider Catalog |publisher=Natural History Museum Bern |url=https://www.wsc.nmbe.ch/statistics/ |access-date=2022-04-23 }}</ref>
==Resource Links==
⚫
}}
* [http://tolweb.org/Pimoidae Pimoidae] : Pimoidae page on Tree of Life Web Project.

{{Wikispecies|Pimoidae}}


{{Araneae}}
{{Araneae}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q11000}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q11000}}
{{Authority control}}


[[Category:Pimoidae| ]]
[[Category:Pimoidae| ]]

Latest revision as of 20:20, 15 October 2023

Pimoidae
Temporal range: Palaeogene–present
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Chelicerata
Class: Arachnida
Order: Araneae
Infraorder: Araneomorphae
Family: Pimoidae
Wunderlich, 1986
Diversity
2 genera, 85 species[1]

Pimoidae is a small family of araneomorph spiders first described by J. Wunderlich in 1986.[2] As re-circumscribed in 2021, it is monophyletic,[1] and contained 85 species in two genera.[3] It is closely related to the Linyphiidae,[1][4] and is sometimes treated as synonymous with that family.[5]

The species Pimoa cthulhu, described by Gustavo Hormiga in 1994, is named for Howard Phillips Lovecraft's mythological deity Cthulhu.[4]

Distribution[edit]

The ancestors of the family are thought to have been widely distributed across the Palearctic, Nearctic and Sino-Japanese regions, but species now have a more fragmented distribution.[1]

Genera and species[edit]

As of April 2022, the World Spider Catalog accepted the following genera and species:[6]

References[edit]

  1. ^ a b c d Hormiga, Gustavo; Kulkarni, Siddharth; da Silva Moreira, Thiago & Dimitrov, Dimitar (2021). "Molecular phylogeny of pimoid spiders and the limits of Linyphiidae, with a reassessment of male palpal homologies (Araneae, Pimoidae)". Zootaxa. 5026 (1): 71–101. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.5026.1.3. PMID 34810940. S2CID 238681925.
  2. ^ Wunderlich, J. (1986). Spinnenfauna gestern und heute: Fossile Spinnen in Bernstein und ihre heute lebenden Verwandten.
  3. ^ "Currently valid spider genera and species". World Spider Catalog. Natural History Museum Bern. Retrieved 2022-04-23.
  4. ^ a b Hormiga, Gustavo (1994). "A Revision and Cladistic Analysis of the Spider Family Pimoidae (Araneoidea: Araneae)". Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology. 549: 533–542.
  5. ^ Murphy, J. A.; Roberts, M. J. (2015). Spider families of the world and their spinnerets. British Arachnological Society. ISBN 978-0950009377.
  6. ^ "Family: Pimoidae Wunderlich, 1986". World Spider Catalog. Natural History Museum Bern. Retrieved 2022-04-22.


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