Kegworth air disaster and Mike Johanns: Difference between pages

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{{Future election candidate|article|Johanns, Mike}}
{{Infobox Airliner accident|name=British Midland Flight 092|
{{Infobox US Cabinet official
Crash image=Kegworth Air Crash Scene.jpg|Image caption=The scene of the disaster, with the runway that G-OBME failed to reach at the top of the picture|
|name=Mike Johanns
Date={{start date|1989|01|8}}|
|image=Johanns-100.jpg
Type=Engine fan blade failure, [[Pilot error]]|
|order=28<sup>th</sup>
Site=[[Kegworth]], [[Leicestershire]], [[UK]]|
|title=[[United States Secretary of Agriculture]]
Coordinates={{coord|52|49|55|N|1|17|57.5|W|region:GB-LEC_type:landmark||display=inline,title}} |
|term_start=[[January 21]], [[2005]]
Fatalities=47 |
|term_end=[[September 20]], [[2007]]
Injuries=79 |
|president=[[George W. Bush]]
Aircraft Type=[[Boeing 737 Classic|Boeing 737-4Y0]]|
|predecessor=[[Ann Veneman]]
Origin=[[London Heathrow Airport]]|
|successor=[[Ed Schafer]]
Destination=[[Belfast International Airport]]|
|order2=41<sup>st</sup>
Operator=[[Bmi (airline)|British Midland]] |
|title2=[[Governor of Nebraska]]
Tail Number={{airreg|G|OBME|disaster}} |
|term_start2=[[January 7]], [[1999]]
Passengers=118|
|term_end2=[[January 20]], [[2005]]
Crew=8 |
|predecessor2=[[Ben Nelson]]
Survivors=79 |
|successor2=[[Dave Heineman]]
|party=[[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]]
|birth_date={{birth date and age |1950|06|18}}
|birth_place=[[Osage, Iowa]]
|death_date=
|death_place=
|spouse=Stephanie Johanns
|religion=[[Roman Catholic]]
}}
}}


'''Michael Owen Johanns''' (born [[June 18]], [[1950]]) is an [[United States|American]] [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] politician. A former [[Governor of Nebraska]], he served as the 28th [[United States Secretary of Agriculture|U.S. Secretary of Agriculture]]. He was the fourth Nebraskan to hold the position. He is currently a [[United States Senate election in Nebraska, 2008|candidate]] for the [[U.S. Senate]].
The '''Kegworth Air Disaster''' occurred on January 8, 1989 when '''[[BMI (airline)|British Midland]] Flight 092''', a [[Boeing 737 Classic|Boeing 737-400]], crashed onto the embankment of the [[M1 motorway]] near [[Kegworth]], [[Leicestershire]], [[UK]]. The aircraft was attempting to conduct an emergency landing at [[East Midlands Airport]]. 47 people died and 74 people, including seven members of the flight crew, sustained serious injuries.


==History==
== Early history ==
Johanns was born in [[Osage, Iowa]], and grew up living and working on his family's farm. After graduating from high school, Johanns went on to study at [[Saint Mary's University of Minnesota]] in Winona. He earned a [[law]] degree from [[Creighton University]]. After his graduation, Johanns began practicing law in [[O'Neill, Nebraska|O'Neill]] and [[Lincoln, Nebraska|Lincoln]].
The aircraft was a British Midland 737-400, [[aircraft registration]] G-OBME, on a scheduled flight from [[London Heathrow Airport]] to [[Belfast]], [[Northern Ireland]], having already flown from Heathrow to Belfast and back that day. After taking off from Heathrow at 7:52pm, Flight 092 was climbing through 28,300 feet to reach its cruising [[altitude]] of 35,000 feet when one of the fan blades on the left engine suddenly ruptured. While the pilots did not know the source of the problem, a pounding noise was suddenly heard, accompanied by severe [[vibration]]s. In addition, smoke poured into the cabin through the ventilation system and an aroma of burning entered the plane. Several passengers sitting near the rear of the plane noticed smoke and sparks coming from the left engine.


Johanns served on the [[Lancaster County, Nebraska|Lancaster County]] Board from 1983-1987, and on the Lincoln City Council from 1989-1991. He was elected mayor of Lincoln in 1991 and 1995. He successfully ran for [[Governor of Nebraska]] in 1998.
The flight was diverted to nearby [[East Midlands Airport]] at the suggestion of British Midland Airways Operations.
[[Image:Mike Johanns and George W Bush.jpg|thumb|left|210px|Mike Johanns speaks after being nominated by [[George W. Bush]] for [[United States Secretary of Agriculture|U.S. Secretary of Agriculture]].]]


Johanns was elected Governor in [[United States gubernatorial elections, 1998|1998]] by defeating Democratic opponent [[Bill Hoppner]] by a margin of 54% to 46%. He won reelection in [[United States gubernatorial elections, 2002|2002]] by a landslide, defeating Democrat [[Stormy Dean]] by a margin of 69% to 27%.<!--did he actually do anything as governor?-->
After the initial blade fracture, [[Captain]] Kevin Hunt had disengaged the plane's [[autopilot]]. When Hunt asked [[First Officer]] David McClelland which engine was malfunctioning, McClelland replied: 'It's the le... it's the right one'. In previous versions of the 737, the air conditioning ran through the right hand engine, but on the 737-400 it ran through both. The pilots had been used to the older version of the aircraft and did not realise that this aircraft (which had only been flown by British Midland for 520 hours over a two-month period) was different. When they smelled the smoke they assumed it was coming from the right engine; this led them to shut down the working right engine instead of the malfunctioning left engine. (They had no way of visually checking the engines from the cockpit, and the cabin crew did not inform them that smoke and flames had been seen from the left engine.)


in [[2004]] Johanns tried to close 2 of the 3 state regional mental Health facilities to save the state money. This move was very unpopular, because it took away high paying jobs in small rural towns.
When the pilots shut down the right engine, they could no longer smell the smoke, which led them to believe that they had correctly dealt with the problem. As it turned out, this was simply a coincidence. When the [[autothrottle]] was disengaged to shut down the right engine, the fuel flow to the left engine was reduced and the excess fuel which had been igniting in the jet exhaust disappeared; therefore, the ongoing damage was reduced, the smoke smell ceased, and the vibration reduced, although it would still have been visible on cockpit instruments.


On [[December 2]] [[2004]], Johanns was nominated by [[President of the United States|President]] [[George W. Bush|Bush]] to replace outgoing Secretary of Agriculture [[Ann Veneman]]. As a result, he scrapped plans to run against [[United States Democratic Party|Democratic]] Senator [[Ben Nelson]] in [[United States Senate election in Nebraska, 2006|2006]]. Johanns was confirmed by the [[United States Senate|Senate]] on [[January 20]], [[2005]], hours after Bush's second inauguration. He tendered his resignation as Governor of Nebraska on that day. On the next day he was sworn in.
During the final approach to the [[East Midlands Airport]], more fuel was pumped into the damaged engine to maintain speed, which caused it to cease operating entirely and burst into flames. The flight crew attempted to restart the right engine by [[windmill restart|windmilling]], using the air flowing through the engine to rotate the turbine blades and start the engine, but the aircraft was by now flying too slowly for this. The captain managed to keep the now-gliding aircraft airborne long enough to avoid a crash landing in the village of Kegworth by pointing the nose up and stretching the glide, but just before crossing the [[M1 motorway]], the tail hit the ground and the aircraft bounced back into the air and over the motorway, crashing on the opposite embankment and breaking into three sections.


==Casualties==
== Personal ==
Forty-seven of the 118 passengers (126 people on board including flight staff) died (39 at the scene, 8 later). All eight of the flight crew survived the accident. Of the 79 survivors, 5 had minor injuries and 74 were seriously injured. No one on the motorway was hurt (and no vehicles were damaged), although one driver who was the first person to help at the scene did subsequently receive damages for [[post-traumatic stress disorder]].<ref>http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/54915.stm</ref>


Johanns is married to Stephanie Johanns, a former Lancaster County Commissioner and [[Nebraska Legislature|Nebraska State Senator]]. They have two children.
==Causes==
===Shutting down the wrong engine===
The [[Captain]], Kevin Hunt, believed the right engine was malfunctioning due to the smell of smoke because in previous Boeing 737 variants [[bleed air]] for the air conditioning system was taken from the right engine. However, starting with the Boeing 737-400 variant, Boeing redesigned the system to use bleed air from both engines. Several cabin staff and passengers noticed that the left engine had a stream of unburnt fuel igniting in the jet exhaust, but this information was not passed to the pilots because cabin staff assumed the pilots were aware that the left engine was malfunctioning.


== 2008 U.S. Senate campaign ==
It was a coincidence that the smell of smoke disappeared when the autothrottle was disengaged and the right engine shut down. In the event of a malfunction pilots are trained to check all meters and review all decisions, and Captain Kevin Hunt proceeded to do so. Whilst he was conducting the review, he was interrupted by a transmission from East Midlands Airport informing him he could descend further to 12000ft in preparation for the diverted landing. He did not resume the review after the transmission ended, and instead commenced descent. The vibration indicators were smaller than on the previous versions of the 737 in which the pilots had the majority of their experience. The dial on the vibration meter was no bigger than a [[British twenty pence coin|20 pence piece]] and the LED needle went around the outside of the dial as opposed to the inside of the dial as in the previous 737 series aircraft. The pilots had received no simulator training on the new model as no simulator for the 737-400 existed in the UK at that time.
{{main|United States Senate election in Nebraska, 2008}}
On [[September 20]], [[2007]], he resigned as Agriculture Secretary "to pursue a new opportunity to serve this great nation".<ref>http://news.yahoo.com/s/nm/20070920/pl_nm/bush_johanns_dc_6;_ylt=ArvwPy2T4_kHVxh3A2X7B69mM3wV</ref> Johanns will run for the seat to be vacated by Senator [[Chuck Hagel]], who decided not to run for re-election.<ref>http://www.journalstar.com/articles/2007/09/19/news/politics/doc46f0a18c6b645363895850.txt</ref> On Wednesday, October 10th, 2007, Johanns formally announced his 2008 US Senate bid.<ref>http://www.mikejohanns2008.com/index.php?p=93&nohit=1</ref> He will face [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] nominee [[Scott Kleeb]] in the general election.


==References==
===Engine malfunction===
{{reflist|2}}
Analysis of the engine from the crash determined that the fan blades (LP Stage 1 compressor) of the uprated [[CFM56]] engine used on the 737-400 were subject to abnormal amounts of vibration when operating at high power settings above 25,000 ft. As it was an upgrade to an existing engine, in-flight testing was not mandatory, and the engine had only been tested in the laboratory. Upon this discovery all 99 [[Boeing 737]]-400s (since G-OBME had crashed) were grounded and the engines modified. Following the crash, it is now mandatory to test all newly designed and significantly redesigned [[turbofan engine]]s under representative flight conditions.


== External links ==
This unnoticed vibration created excessive [[metal fatigue]] in the fan blades, and on G-OBME this caused one of the fan blades to break off. This damaged the engine terminally and also upset its delicate balance, causing a reduction in power and an increase in vibration. The autothrottle attempted to compensate for this by increasing the fuel flow to the engine, however the damaged engine was unable to burn all the additional fuel, with much of it igniting in the exhaust flow, thus creating a large trail of flame behind the engine.
*[http://www.mikejohanns2008.com/ Mike Johanns for U.S. Senate] - '''Campaign Website'''
*[http://www.whitehouse.gov/government/johanns-bio.html White House Biography]
*[http://www.usda.gov/wps/portal/!ut/p/_s.7_0_A/7_0_1OB/.cmd/ad/.ar/sa.retrievecontent/.c/6_2_1UH/.ce/7_2_5JM/.p/5_2_4TQ/.d/0/_th/J_2_9D/_s.7_0_A/7_0_1OB?PC_7_2_5JM_contentid=bios_johanns.xml USDA Biography]
{{CongLinks | congbio = | fec = S8NE00117 | opensecrets = | votesmart = 21309 | ontheissuespath = senate/Mike_Johanns.htm | legistorm = | surge = | govtrack = | findagrave = }}
*[http://www.opensecrets.org/races/summary.php?id=NES2&cycle=2008 Campaign contributions] from [[Center for Responsive Politics|OpenSecrets.org]]


{{start box}}
==Aftermath==
{{s-off}}
Evaluation of the injuries sustained led to considerable improvements in aircraft safety and emergency instructions for passengers. The official report into the disaster made 31 safety recommendations.
{{succession box | before=[[Bill Harris (mayor)|Bill Harris]] |title=[[List of mayors of Lincoln|Mayor of Lincoln]] | after=[[Dale Young]] | years=1991{{ndash}} 1998}}
{{succession box | before=[[Ben Nelson]] |title=[[Governor of Nebraska]] | after=[[Dave Heineman]] | years=1999{{ndash}} 2005}}
{{U.S. Secretary box
|before= [[Ann Veneman]]
|after= [[Ed Schafer]]
|years= 2005{{ndash}} 2007
|president= George W. Bush
|department= Secretary of Agriculture}}
{{end box}}
{{Governors of Nebraska}}
{{USSecAg}}
{{GW Bush cabinet}}


<!-- Metadata: see [[Wikipedia:Persondata]] -->
There is a memorial to "those who died, those who were injured and those who took part in the rescue operation", in the village cemetery in nearby [[Kegworth]], together with a garden made using soil from the crash site.


{{Persondata
[[Captain]] Hunt and [[First Officer]] McClelland were seriously injured in the crash, and were later dismissed following the criticisms of their actions in the [[Air Accidents Investigation Branch|AAIB]] report<ref>''Disaster in the Air'', [[Andrew Brookes]], 1992, ISBN 071102037X, p135</ref>.
|NAME=Johanns, Mike

|ALTERNATIVE NAMES=Johanns, Michael Owen
==Media==
|SHORT DESCRIPTION=28th [[United States Secretary of Agriculture]]
British Midland Flight 92 was featured in an episode of ''[[Seconds From Disaster]]'', called Motorway Plane Crash (Freeway Plane Crash).
|DATE OF BIRTH=[[June 18]], [[1950]]

|PLACE OF BIRTH=[[Osage, Iowa]], [[United States]]
==See also==
|DATE OF DEATH=
* [[List of notable accidents and incidents on commercial aircraft]]
|PLACE OF DEATH=

}}
==References==
{{DEFAULTSORT:Johanns, Mike}}
{{reflist}}
[[Category:1950 births]]
*[[Macarthur Job]], ''Air Disaster Volume 2'': Aerospace Publications Pty Ltd, 1996, ISBN 1-875671-19-6, p. 173-185
[[Category:Living people]]
*David Owen, ''Air Accident Investigation'': Patrick Stephens Limited, 2001, ISBN 0-7509-4495-1. (The Kegworth air disaster is given a detailed mention in Chapter 9, "Pressing the Wrong Button")
[[Category:Nebraska politicians]]
*Jack Ramsay, ''SAS, The Soldiers Story'': Pan Books, 1997, ISBN 0-330-34750-0.
[[Category:Governors of Nebraska]]

[[Category:Mayors of Lincoln, Nebraska]]
==External links==
[[Category:United States Secretaries of Agriculture]]
* [http://www.aaib.gov.uk/publications/formal_reports/4_1990_g_obme.cfm The official AAIB report]
[[Category:George W. Bush Administration cabinet members]]
* [http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/250959.stm BBC Page about Kegworth]
[[Category:Nebraska lawyers]]
* [http://www.kegworthvillage.com/history/air_disaster.php Kegworth Village site]
[[Category:Creighton University alumni]]
* [http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/january/8/newsid_2506000/2506665.stm BBC Site detailing the crash]
[[Category:American Roman Catholics]]
* [http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/54915.stm The story of Graham Pearson, who received damages in 1998 after witnessing the crash and helping the survivors]
*[http://www.airliners.net/search/photo.search?front=yes&s=1&keywords=G-OBME Pre-crash and crash pictures of the aircraft] from [[Airliners.net]]

</br>

[[Category:Airliner accidents and incidents caused by mechanical failure]]
[[Category:Aviation accidents and incidents in 1989]]
[[Category:Aviation accidents and incidents in the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:BMI (airline)]]
[[Category:1989 in the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:History of Leicestershire]]
[[Category:1989 in Northern Ireland]]


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Revision as of 19:46, 10 October 2008

Template:Future election candidate

Mike Johanns
28th United States Secretary of Agriculture
In office
January 21, 2005 – September 20, 2007
PresidentGeorge W. Bush
Preceded byAnn Veneman
Succeeded byEd Schafer
41st Governor of Nebraska
In office
January 7, 1999 – January 20, 2005
Preceded byBen Nelson
Succeeded byDave Heineman
Personal details
Born (1950-06-18) June 18, 1950 (age 73)
Osage, Iowa
Political partyRepublican
SpouseStephanie Johanns

Michael Owen Johanns (born June 18, 1950) is an American Republican politician. A former Governor of Nebraska, he served as the 28th U.S. Secretary of Agriculture. He was the fourth Nebraskan to hold the position. He is currently a candidate for the U.S. Senate.

Early history

Johanns was born in Osage, Iowa, and grew up living and working on his family's farm. After graduating from high school, Johanns went on to study at Saint Mary's University of Minnesota in Winona. He earned a law degree from Creighton University. After his graduation, Johanns began practicing law in O'Neill and Lincoln.

Johanns served on the Lancaster County Board from 1983-1987, and on the Lincoln City Council from 1989-1991. He was elected mayor of Lincoln in 1991 and 1995. He successfully ran for Governor of Nebraska in 1998.

Mike Johanns speaks after being nominated by George W. Bush for U.S. Secretary of Agriculture.

Johanns was elected Governor in 1998 by defeating Democratic opponent Bill Hoppner by a margin of 54% to 46%. He won reelection in 2002 by a landslide, defeating Democrat Stormy Dean by a margin of 69% to 27%.

in 2004 Johanns tried to close 2 of the 3 state regional mental Health facilities to save the state money. This move was very unpopular, because it took away high paying jobs in small rural towns.

On December 2 2004, Johanns was nominated by President Bush to replace outgoing Secretary of Agriculture Ann Veneman. As a result, he scrapped plans to run against Democratic Senator Ben Nelson in 2006. Johanns was confirmed by the Senate on January 20, 2005, hours after Bush's second inauguration. He tendered his resignation as Governor of Nebraska on that day. On the next day he was sworn in.

Personal

Johanns is married to Stephanie Johanns, a former Lancaster County Commissioner and Nebraska State Senator. They have two children.

2008 U.S. Senate campaign

Main article: United States Senate election in Nebraska, 2008

On September 20, 2007, he resigned as Agriculture Secretary "to pursue a new opportunity to serve this great nation".[1] Johanns will run for the seat to be vacated by Senator Chuck Hagel, who decided not to run for re-election.[2] On Wednesday, October 10th, 2007, Johanns formally announced his 2008 US Senate bid.[3] He will face Democratic nominee Scott Kleeb in the general election.

References

  1. ^ http://news.yahoo.com/s/nm/20070920/pl_nm/bush_johanns_dc_6;_ylt=ArvwPy2T4_kHVxh3A2X7B69mM3wV
  2. ^ http://www.journalstar.com/articles/2007/09/19/news/politics/doc46f0a18c6b645363895850.txt
  3. ^ http://www.mikejohanns2008.com/index.php?p=93&nohit=1

External links

Template:U.S. Secretary box
Political offices
Preceded by Mayor of Lincoln
1991– 1998 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Governor of Nebraska
1999– 2005 		Succeeded by


Template:Persondata

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