Ceroxylon: Difference between revisions

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{{Short description|Genus of palms}}
{{Italic title}}
{{Italic title}}
{{Automatic taxobox
{{Automatic_taxobox
|name = Andean wax palms
| name = Andean wax palms
| image = Ceroxylon quindiuense, the world's tallest monocotyledon. (11211135095).jpg
|image = Colwachspalme01.jpg
|image_caption = ''Ceroxylon''
| image_caption = ''Ceroxylon quindiuense''
| display_parents = 2
|taxon = Ceroxylon
| taxon = Ceroxylon
|authority = [[Aimé Jacques Alexandre Bonpland|Bonpl.]] ex DC.
| authority = [[Aimé Jacques Alexandre Bonpland|Bonpl.]] ex DC.
|synonyms_ref=<ref name=":0" />
| synonyms_ref = <ref name=":0" />
|synonyms =
* ''[[Klopstockia]]'' <small>H.Karst.</small>
| synonyms = * ''Klopstockia'' <small>H.Karst.</small>
* ''[[Beethovenia]]'' <small>Engel</small>
* ''Beethovenia'' <small>Engel</small>
| type_species = ''[[Ceroxylon alpinum]]''
}}
}}


'''''Ceroxylon''''' is a genus of [[angiosperms|flowering plant]] in the [[Arecaceae]] family, native to the [[Andes]] in [[Venezuela]], [[Colombia]], [[Ecuador]], [[Peru]], and [[Bolivia]], known as Andean wax palms.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title = World Checklist of Selected Plant Families: Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew|url = http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/namedetail.do?name_id=37246|website = apps.kew.org|access-date = 2016-01-19}}</ref><ref>Govaerts, R. & Dransfield, J. (2005). World Checklist of Palms: 1-223. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite journal|url = http://www.mapress.com/phytotaxa/content/2011/f/pt00034p064.pdf|title = A revision of the Andean wax palms, Ceroxylon (Arecaceae)|last = Sanin|first = Maria Jose|date = 2011|journal = Phytotaxa|doi = |pmid = |access-date = 18 January 2016|last2 = Galeano|first2 = Gloria|issue = 34|pages = 1–64}}</ref>
'''''Ceroxylon''''' is a genus of [[flowering plant]]s in the family [[Arecaceae]], native to the [[Andes]] in [[Venezuela]], [[Colombia]], [[Ecuador]], [[Peru]], and [[Bolivia]], known as '''Andean wax palms'''.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title = World Checklist of Selected Plant Families: Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew|url = http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/namedetail.do?name_id=37246|website = apps.kew.org|access-date = 2016-01-19}}</ref><ref>Govaerts, R. & Dransfield, J. (2005). World Checklist of Palms: 1-223. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite journal|url = http://www.mapress.com/phytotaxa/content/2011/f/pt00034p064.pdf|title = A revision of the Andean wax palms, Ceroxylon (Arecaceae)|last1 = Sanin|first1 = Maria Jose|date = 2011|journal = Phytotaxa|doi = 10.11646/phytotaxa.34.1.1|access-date = 18 January 2016|last2 = Galeano|first2 = Gloria|volume = 34|issue = 34|pages = 1–64}}</ref>


The species are almost exclusively [[montane]] and include the tallest [[Palm tree|palm]] (and thus tallest [[monocotyledon]]), ''C. quindiuense'', which reaches {{convert|200|ft|disp=flip|abbr=on}} in height, and species growing at the highest altitude of the palm family ([[Arecaceae]]), at more than {{convert|10,000|ft|disp=flip|abbr=on}} in elevation.
The species are almost exclusively [[montane]] and include the tallest [[Palm tree|palm]] (and thus tallest [[monocotyledon]]), [[Ceroxylon quindiuense|''C. quindiuense'']], which reaches {{convert|200|ft|disp=flip|abbr=on}} in height, and species growing at the highest altitude of the palm family ([[Arecaceae]]), at more than {{convert|10,000|ft|disp=flip|abbr=on}} in elevation.


The genus name is derived from [[Latin]] {{wikt-lang|la|cēra}} ("wax") and [[Ancient Greek]] {{wikt-lang|grc|ξύλον}} ({{grc-tr|ξύλον}}, "wood").
The genus name is derived from [[Ancient Greek]] {{wikt-lang|grc|κηρός}} ({{grc-tr|κηρός}} ("wax") and {{wikt-lang|grc|ξύλον}} ({{grc-tr|ξύλον}}, "wood").


==Description==
==Description==
''Ceroxylon'' palms develop single, smooth, wax-covered, often whitish cylindrical trunks encircled by ringed leafbase scars. ''Ceroxylon'' species are [[dioecious]] (the individual plant produces flowers of only one sex). Leaves are pinnate. Inflorescences emerge from among, and often project conspicuously beyond, the leaves. Round fruits, up to one inch in diameter, are red or orange at maturity. Many ''Ceroxylon'' species are endangered by [[habitat destruction]].
''Ceroxylon'' palms develop single, smooth, wax-covered, often whitish cylindrical trunks encircled by ringed leafbase scars. ''Ceroxylon'' species are [[dioecious]] (the individual plant produces flowers of only one sex). Leaves are pinnate. Inflorescences emerge from among, and often project conspicuously beyond the leaves. Round fruits, up to one inch in diameter, are red or orange at maturity. Many ''Ceroxylon'' species are endangered by [[habitat destruction]].


Two species of Andean wax palms, ''C. quindiuense'' and ''C. alpinum'', provide nesting sites and food for a species of Colombian parrot now in danger of extinction, ''[[Ognorhynchus icterotis]]''.
Two species of Andean wax palms, ''C. quindiuense'' and ''C. alpinum'', provide nesting sites and food for a species of Colombian parrot now in danger of extinction, ''[[Ognorhynchus icterotis]]''.

==Uses==
In [[Colombia]], ''Ceroxylon'' palms are frequently harvested for their wood. ''Ceroxylon'' palm leaves are also used in [[Palm Sunday]] ceremonies.<ref name="Brokamp-2015">{{cite book |last=Brokamp |first=Grischa |date=2015 |title=Relevance and Sustainability of Wild Plant Collection in NW South America: Insights from the Plant Families Arecaceae and Krameriaceae |url=https://www.springer.com/gp/book/9783658086954 |location=Wiesbaden |publisher=Springer Spektrum |doi=10.1007/978-3-658-08696-1 |isbn=978-3-658-08695-4|s2cid=30557398 }}</ref>


==Cultivation==
==Cultivation==
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==Species==
==Species==
The genus contains the following species:<ref name=":1" />
The genus contains the following species:<ref name=":1" />
{| class="wikitable"
⚫
* ''[[Ceroxylon alpinum]]'' <small>Bonpl. ex DC.</small> - Colombia, Venezuela
|-
⚫
* ''[[Ceroxylon amazonicum]]'' <small>Galeano</small> - Ecuador
! Image !! Scientific name !! Distribution
⚫
* ''[[Ceroxylon ceriferum]]'' <small>(H.Karst.) Pittier</small> - Colombia, Venezuela
|-
⚫
* ''[[Ceroxylon echinulatum]]'' <small>Galeano</small> - Ecuador, Peru
* ''[[Ceroxylon parvifrons]]'' <small>(Engel) H.Wendl.</small> - Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia
|[[File:Chonta - Palma real (Ceroxylon alpinum) (14329134127).jpg|120px]] || ''[[Ceroxylon alpinum]]'' <small>Bonpl. ex DC.</small> || Colombia, Venezuela
|-
* ''[[Ceroxylon parvum]]'' <small>Galeano</small> - Ecuador
* ''[[Ceroxylon peruvianum]]'' <small>Galeano, Sanín & K.Mejia</small> - Peru
| || ''[[Ceroxylon amazonicum]]'' <small>Galeano</small> || Ecuador
|-
* ''[[Ceroxylon pityrophyllum]]'' <small>(Mart.) Mart. ex H.Wendl.</small> - Peru, Bolivia
* ''[[Ceroxylon quindiuense]]'' <small>(H.Karst.) H.Wendl.</small> - Colombia, Peru
|[[File:Palma de cera de la Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta (Ceroxylon ceriferum) - Flickr - Alejandro Bayer (1).jpg|120px]] || ''[[Ceroxylon ceriferum]]'' <small>(H.Karst.) Pittier</small> || Colombia, Venezuela
|-
⚫
* ''[[Ceroxylon sasaimae]]'' <small>Galeano</small> - Antioquia, Cundinamarca
* ''[[Ceroxylon ventricosum]]'' <small>Burret</small> - Colombia, Ecuador
|[[File:3.cerox.echin (14616907378).jpg|120px]] || ''[[Ceroxylon echinulatum]]'' <small>Galeano</small> || Ecuador, Peru
|-
⚫
* ''[[Ceroxylon vogelianum]]'' <small>(Engel) H.Wendl.</small> - Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, Peru
|[[File:Ceroxylon parvifrons - Val Rahmeh - DSC04274.JPG|120px]] || ''[[Ceroxylon parvifrons]]'' <small>(Engel) H.Wendl.</small> || Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia
|-
⚫
||| ''[[Ceroxylon parvum]]'' <small>Galeano</small> || Ecuador
|-
⚫
| || ''[[Ceroxylon peruvianum]]'' <small>Galeano, Sanín & K.Mejia</small> || Peru
|-
⚫
| || ''[[Ceroxylon pityrophyllum]]'' <small>(Mart.) Mart. ex H.Wendl.</small> || Peru, Bolivia
|-
⚫
|[[File:La palma de cera.jpg|120px]] || ''[[Ceroxylon quindiuense]]'' <small>(H.Karst.) H.Wendl.</small> || Colombia
|-
⚫
|[[File:Ceroxylon sasaimae 67008730.jpg|120px]] || ''[[Ceroxylon sasaimae]]'' <small>Galeano</small> || Antioquia, Cundinamarca
|-
|[[File:4.cerox.ventri (14800418341).jpg|120px]] || ''[[Ceroxylon ventricosum]]'' <small>Burret</small>|| Colombia, Ecuador
|-
⚫
|[[File:1.cerox.vogel (14801190894).jpg|120px]] || ''[[Ceroxylon vogelianum]]'' <small>(Engel) H.Wendl.</small> || Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, Peru
|-
|}


==References==
==References==
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{{Commons category|Ceroxylon}}
{{Commons category|Ceroxylon}}


{{Arecaceae genera}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q137815}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q137815}}
{{Authority control}}


[[Category:Ceroxylon| ]]
[[Category:Ceroxylon| ]]
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[[Category:Taxa named by Aimé Bonpland]]
[[Category:Taxa named by Aimé Bonpland]]
[[Category:Taxonomy articles created by Polbot]]
[[Category:Taxonomy articles created by Polbot]]
[[Category:Dioecious plants]]


{{palm-stub}}

Latest revision as of 11:51, 12 November 2023

Andean wax palms
Ceroxylon quindiuense
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Monocots
Clade: Commelinids
Order: Arecales
Family: Arecaceae
Subfamily: Ceroxyloideae
Tribe: Ceroxyleae
Genus: Ceroxylon
Bonpl. ex DC.
Type species
Ceroxylon alpinum
Synonyms[1]
  • Klopstockia H.Karst.
  • Beethovenia Engel

Ceroxylon is a genus of flowering plants in the family Arecaceae, native to the Andes in Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia, known as Andean wax palms.[1][2][3]

The species are almost exclusively montane and include the tallest palm (and thus tallest monocotyledon), C. quindiuense, which reaches 61 m (200 ft) in height, and species growing at the highest altitude of the palm family (Arecaceae), at more than 3,000 m (10,000 ft) in elevation.

The genus name is derived from Ancient Greek κηρός (kērós ("wax") and ξύλον (xúlon, "wood").

Description[edit]

Ceroxylon palms develop single, smooth, wax-covered, often whitish cylindrical trunks encircled by ringed leafbase scars. Ceroxylon species are dioecious (the individual plant produces flowers of only one sex). Leaves are pinnate. Inflorescences emerge from among, and often project conspicuously beyond the leaves. Round fruits, up to one inch in diameter, are red or orange at maturity. Many Ceroxylon species are endangered by habitat destruction.

Two species of Andean wax palms, C. quindiuense and C. alpinum, provide nesting sites and food for a species of Colombian parrot now in danger of extinction, Ognorhynchus icterotis.

Uses[edit]

In Colombia, Ceroxylon palms are frequently harvested for their wood. Ceroxylon palm leaves are also used in Palm Sunday ceremonies.[4]

Cultivation[edit]

Several Ceroxylon species, including C. quindiuense, C. alpinum, C. vogelianum, C. ventricosum, and C. parvifrons, are cultivated as ornamental trees outside their native range in cool, humid, mild climates with minimal frosts, such as parts of Australia, coastal California, Hawai'i, New Zealand, South Africa, and coastal Western Europe. The Jose Celestino Mutis Botanical Garden in Bogotá, Colombia, contains an extensive planting of Ceroxylon palms. Other public gardens where cultivated Ceroxylon spp. can be viewed include the San Francisco Botanical Garden in Golden Gate Park, San Francisco, California, the Huntington Botanical Gardens, in Pasadena (near Los Angeles), California, and the Oakland Palmetum at the Lakeside Garden Center in Oakland, California.

Species[edit]

The genus contains the following species:[3]

Image Scientific name Distribution
Ceroxylon alpinum Bonpl. ex DC. Colombia, Venezuela
Ceroxylon amazonicum Galeano Ecuador
Ceroxylon ceriferum (H.Karst.) Pittier Colombia, Venezuela
Ceroxylon echinulatum Galeano Ecuador, Peru
Ceroxylon parvifrons (Engel) H.Wendl. Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia
Ceroxylon parvum Galeano Ecuador
Ceroxylon peruvianum Galeano, Sanín & K.Mejia Peru
Ceroxylon pityrophyllum (Mart.) Mart. ex H.Wendl. Peru, Bolivia
Ceroxylon quindiuense (H.Karst.) H.Wendl. Colombia
Ceroxylon sasaimae Galeano Antioquia, Cundinamarca
Ceroxylon ventricosum Burret Colombia, Ecuador
Ceroxylon vogelianum (Engel) H.Wendl. Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, Peru

References[edit]

  1. ^ a b "World Checklist of Selected Plant Families: Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew". apps.kew.org. Retrieved 2016-01-19.
  2. ^ Govaerts, R. & Dransfield, J. (2005). World Checklist of Palms: 1-223. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  3. ^ a b Sanin, Maria Jose; Galeano, Gloria (2011). "A revision of the Andean wax palms, Ceroxylon (Arecaceae)" (PDF). Phytotaxa. 34 (34): 1–64. doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.34.1.1. Retrieved 18 January 2016.
  4. ^ Brokamp, Grischa (2015). Relevance and Sustainability of Wild Plant Collection in NW South America: Insights from the Plant Families Arecaceae and Krameriaceae. Wiesbaden: Springer Spektrum. doi:10.1007/978-3-658-08696-1. ISBN 978-3-658-08695-4. S2CID 30557398.

External links[edit]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Ceroxylon.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ceroxylon&oldid=1184753863"