Demographics of New York City: Difference between revisions

Demographics of New York City
Demographics of New York City
	Population pyramid of New York City in 2021
Population	8,260,000 (2023 est.)

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New York City is a large and ethnically diverse metropolis.^[1] It is the largest city in the United States with a long history of international immigration. The New York region continues to be by far the leading metropolitan gateway for legal immigrants admitted into the United States.^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5] The city is the geographical and demographic center of both the Northeast megalopolis and the New York metropolitan area, the largest metropolitan area in the U.S. by both population and urban area. With over 20.1 million people in its metropolitan statistical area and 23.5 million in its combined statistical area as of 2020, New York City is one of the world's most populous megacities.^[6]

The city and its metropolitan area are the premier gateway for legal immigration to the United States. New York City enforces a right-to-shelter law guaranteeing shelter to anyone who needs shelter, regardless of their immigration status;^[7] and the city is home to more than 3.2 million residents born outside the U.S., the largest foreign-born population of any city in the world as of 2016.^[8]

Throughout its history, New York City has been a major point of entry for immigrants; the term "melting pot" was coined to describe densely populated immigrant neighborhoods on the Lower East Side. As many as 800 languages are spoken in New York,^[9]^[10]^[11]^[12] making it the most linguistically diverse city in the world.^[11]^[13]^[14] English remains the most widely spoken language, although there are areas in the outer boroughs in which up to 25% of people speak English as an alternate language, and/or have limited or no English language fluency. English is least spoken in neighborhoods such as Flushing, Sunset Park, and Corona.

New York's two key demographic features are its density and diversity. The city has an extremely high population density of 26,403 people per square mile (10,194/km²), about 10,000 more people per square mile than the next densest large American city, San Francisco.^[15] Manhattan's population density is 66,940 people per square mile (25,846/km²).^[16] The city has a long tradition of attracting international immigration and Americans seeking careers in certain sectors. As of 2006, New York City has ranked number one for seven consecutive years as the city most U.S. residents would most like to live in or near.^[17]

Demographic profile[edit]

Historical population
Year	Pop.	±%
1698	4,937	—
1712	5,840	+18.3%
1723	7,248	+24.1%
1737	10,664	+47.1%
1746	11,717	+9.9%
1756	13,046	+11.3%
1771	21,863	+67.6%
1790	33,131	+51.5%
1800	60,515	+82.7%
1810	96,373	+59.3%
1820	123,706	+28.4%
1830	202,589	+63.8%
1840	312,710	+54.4%
1850	515,547	+64.9%
1860	813,669	+57.8%
1870	942,292	+15.8%
1880	1,206,299	+28.0%
1890	1,515,301	+25.6%
1900	3,437,202	+126.8%
1910	4,766,883	+38.7%
1920	5,620,048	+17.9%
1930	6,930,446	+23.3%
1940	7,454,995	+7.6%
1950	7,891,957	+5.9%
1960	7,781,984	−1.4%
1970	7,894,862	+1.5%
1980	7,071,639	−10.4%
1990	7,322,564	+3.5%
2000	8,008,288	+9.4%
2010	8,175,133	+2.1%
2020	8,804,190	+7.7%
2023 est.	8,260,000	−6.2%
1880 & 1890 figures include part of the Bronx. Beginning with 1900, figures are for consolidated city of five boroughs. For the same area before 1900, see #Historical population data, below. Sources: 1698–1771,^[18] 1790–1990,^[19] 2000 and 2010 Censuses,^[20] 2020 Census,^[21] and 2023 estimate^[22]

New York City is the most populous city in the United States, with an estimated 8,804,190 people living in the city, according to the 2020 U.S. Census^[21] (up from 8,175,133 in 2010; 8.0 million in 2000; and 7.3 million in 1990).^[20] This amounts to about 44% of New York State's population and a similar percentage of the metropolitan regional population. New York's two key demographic features are its population density and cultural diversity. The city's population density of 29,091.3 people per square mile (11,232/km²), makes it the densest of any American municipality with a population above 100,000.^[23] Manhattan's population density is 74,781 people per square mile (28,872/km²), highest of any county in the United States.^[24]^[16]

New York City is multicultural. About 36% of the city's population is foreign-born,^[25] one of the highest among US cities. The eleven nations constituting the largest sources of modern immigration to New York City are the Dominican Republic, China, Jamaica, Guyana, Mexico, Ecuador, Brazil, Haiti, Trinidad and Tobago, Colombia, Russia and El Salvador.^[26]

New York is the largest city in the United States, with the city proper's population more than double the next largest city, Los Angeles (or roughly equivalent to the combined populations of Los Angeles, Chicago, and Houston, the United States' second, third, and fourth most populous cities respectively). In 2006, demographers estimated New York's population would reach 9.1 million by 2030.^[27] In 2000 the reported life expectancy of New Yorkers was above the national average. Life expectancy for females born in 2009 in New York City is 80.2 years and for males is 74.5 years.^[28]

Households[edit]

The 2000 census counted 2,021,588 households with a median income of $38,293. 30% of households had children under the age of 18, and 37% were married couples living together. 19% had a single female householder, and 39% were non-families. 32% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10% were single residents 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.59 persons, and the average family size was 3.32.

% population by age range
Age range	2000 Census
Under the age of 18	24%
Between 18 and 24	10%
Between 25 and 44	33%
Between 45 and 64	21%
Aged 65 or older	12%

The median age in New York City in 2000 was 34 years. For every 100 females, there were 90 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 86 males.

During the 2000s, Manhattan experienced a "baby boom" unique among U.S. cities. Between 2000 and 2007, the number of children under age 5 living in Manhattan grew by more than 32%.^[29] The increase is driven mostly by affluent white families with median household incomes over $300,000.

Income[edit]

Overall, nominal household income in New York City is characterized by large variations. This phenomenon is especially true of Manhattan, which in 2005 was home to the highest incomes U.S. census tract, with a household income of $188,697, as well as the lowest, where household income was $9,320.^[30] The disparity is driven in part by wage growth in high income brackets. In 2006 the average weekly wage in Manhattan was $1,453, the highest among the largest counties in the United States.^[31] Wages in Manhattan were the fastest growing among the nation's 10 largest counties.^[31] Among young adults in New York who work full-time, women now earn more money than men — approximately $5,000 more in 2005.^[32]

New York City's borough of Manhattan is the highest nominal income county in the United States. In particular, ZIP code 10021 on Manhattan's Upper East Side, with more than 100,000 inhabitants and a per capita income of over $90,000, has one of the largest concentrations of income in the United States. The other boroughs, especially Queens and Staten Island, have large middle-class populations. New York City's per capita income in 2000 was $22,402; men and women had a median income of $37,435 and $32,949 respectively. 21.2% of the population and 18.5% of families had incomes below the federal poverty line; 30.0% of this group were under the age of 18 and 17.8% were 65 and older. Of Forbes Magazine's 400 richest American billionaires, 70 live in New York City.^[33] Former mayor and Presidential candidate Michael Bloomberg is one of the nation's richest men. As of 2009 New York has regained the number one spot as the city with most billionaires (55), after losing out to Moscow in 2008.

New York City has a high degree of income variation. In 2005 the median household income in the highest census tract was reported to be $188,697, while in the lowest it was $9,320.^[34] The variance is driven by wage growth in high income brackets, while wages have stagnated for middle and lower income brackets. In 2006 the average weekly wage in Manhattan was $1,453, the highest and fastest growing among the largest counties in the United States.^[31] The borough is also experiencing a "baby boom" among the wealthy that is unique among U.S. cities. Since 2000, the number of children under age 5 living in Manhattan has grown by more than 32%.^[35]

In 2000, about 3 out of every 10 New York City housing units were owner-occupied, compared to about 2 owner-occupied units out of every 3 units in the U.S. as a whole.^[36] Rental vacancy is usually between 3% and 4.5%, well below the 5% threshold defined to be a housing emergency, justifying the continuation of rent control and rent stabilization. About 33% of rental units fall under rent stabilization, according to which increases are adjudicated periodically by city agencies. Rent control covers only a very small number of rental units.^[37] Some critics point to New York City's strict zoning and other regulations as partial causes for the housing shortage, but during the city's decline in population from the 1960s through the 1980s, a large number of apartment buildings suffered suspected arson fires or were abandoned by their owners. Once the population trend was reversed, with rising prospects for rentals and sales, new construction has resumed, but generally for purchasers in higher income brackets.

Area	Median House- hold Income	Mean House- hold Income	Percent- age in Poverty
The Bronx	$34,156	$46,298	27.1%
Brooklyn	$41,406	$60,020	21.9%
Manhattan	$64,217	$121,549	17.6%
Queens	$53,171	$67,027	12.0%
Staten Island	$66,985	$81,498	9.8%
New York City	$48,631	$75,809	18.5%
New York State	$53,514	$77,865	13.7%
United States	$50,140	$69,193	13.0%

Boroughs[edit]

The Boroughs of New York City are the five major governmental districts that compose New York City. The boroughs are the Bronx, Brooklyn, Manhattan, Queens, and Staten Island. Each borough is coextensive with a respective county of the State of New York: The Bronx is Bronx County, Brooklyn is Kings County, Manhattan is New York County, Queens is Queens County, and Staten Island is Richmond County.

All five boroughs came into existence with the creation of modern New York City in 1898, when New York County (then including the Bronx), Kings County, Richmond County, and part of Queens County were consolidated within one municipal government under a new city charter. All former municipalities within the newly consolidated city were dissolved.

New York City was originally confined to Manhattan Island and the smaller surrounding islands that formed New York County. As the city grew northward, it began annexing areas on the mainland, absorbing territory from Westchester County into New York County in 1874 (West Bronx) and 1895 (East Bronx). During the 1898 consolidation, this territory was organized as the Borough of the Bronx, though still part of New York County. In 1914, Bronx County was split off from New York County so that each borough was then coterminous with a county.

When the western part of Queens County was consolidated with New York City in 1898, that area became the Borough of Queens. In 1899, the remaining eastern section of Queens County was split off to form Nassau County on Long Island, thereafter making the borough and county of Queens coextensive with each other.

New York City's five boroughs v t e
Jurisdiction		Population	Land area		Density of population		GDP
Borough	County	Census (2020)	square miles	square km	people/ sq. mile	people/ sq. km	billions (2022 US$) ²
The Bronx	Bronx	1,472,654	42.2	109.2	34,920	13,482	$43.7
Brooklyn	Kings	2,736,074	69.4	179.7	39,438	15,227	$107.3
Manhattan	New York	1,694,251	22.7	58.7	74,781	28,872	$781.0
Queens	Queens	2,405,464	108.7	281.6	22,125	8,542	$103.3
Staten Island	Richmond	495,747	57.5	149.0	8,618	3,327	$17.5
City of New York		8,804,190	300.5	778.2	29,303	11,314	$1,052.8
State of New York		20,201,249	47,123.6	122,049.5	429	166	$1,763.5
Sources:^[38]^[39]^[40]^[41] and see individual borough articles.

Projections[edit]

Neighborhood Tabulation Areas (NTAs) are a geographic unit created to help project populations at a small area level, as part of the long-term sustainability plan for the city known as PlaNYC, covering the years 2000–2030. The minimum population for an NTA is 15,000 people, a level seen as a useful summary level which can be used both with the 2010 Census and the American Community Survey.^[42]

New York has ranked first in population among American cities since the first census in 1790. New York will maintain this position for the foreseeable future, although there are varying forecasts on how much the population will increase. The most realistic population projections from the Department of City Planning anticipate a 1.1 million increase by 2030, bringing the city's population total to 9.1 million.^{[citation needed]}

While the city's projected 2030 population will be a new high, only two boroughs, Staten Island and Queens have reached their population peak every year for the last 5 years. The study projects that by 2030, Queens will have 2.57 million people and Staten Island 552,000. Manhattan, with 1.83 million, Bronx with 1.46 million and Brooklyn with 2.72 million, will still be below their population peaks.^[43]

Disputed 2010 Census data[edit]

On March 27, 2011, New York City Mayor Michael Bloomberg announced that the city would file a formal challenge to the Census results, as a result of alleged undercounting in the boroughs of Queens and Brooklyn.^[44] The mayor has asserted that the numbers for Queens and Brooklyn, the two most populous boroughs, are implausible.^[45] According to the Census, they grew by only 0.1% and 1.6%, respectively, while the other boroughs grew by between 3% and 5%. In addition, the Mayor claims, the census showed improbably high amounts of vacant housing in vital neighborhoods such as Jackson Heights, Queens.

Race and ethnicity[edit]

The city's population in 2020 was 30.9% White (non-Hispanic), 28.3% Hispanic or Latino, 20.2% Black or African American (non-Hispanic), 15.6% Asian, and 0.2% Native American (non-Hispanic). A total of 3.4% of the non-Hispanic population identified with more than one race and 1.4% as some other race.^[48]

**New York City, New York – Racial and ethnic composition**
*Note: the US Census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos may be of any race.*
Race / Ethnicity (NH = Non-Hispanic)	Pop 2000^[49]	Pop 2010^[50]	Pop 2020^[48]	% 2000	% 2010	% 2020
White (NH)	2,801,267	2,722,904	2,719,856	34.98%	33.31%	30.89%
Black or African American (NH)	1,962,154	1,861,295	1,776,891	24.50%	22.77%	20.18%
Native American or Alaska Native (NH)	17,321	17,427	19,146	0.22%	0.21%	0.22%
Asian (NH)	780,229	1,028,119	1,373,502	9.74%	12.58%	15.60%
Pacific Islander or Native Hawaiian (NH)	2,829	2,795	3,302	0.04%	0.03%	0.04%
Some other race (NH)	58,775	57,841	121,184	0.73%	0.71%	1.38%
Two or more races or Multiracial (NH)	225,149	148,676	299,959	2.81%	1.82%	3.41%
Hispanic or Latino (any race)	2,160,554	2,336,076	2,490,350	26.98%	28.58%	28.29%
Total	8,008,278	8,175,133	8,804,190	100.00%	100.00%	100.00%

In 2013, approximately 36% of the city's population is foreign born,^[51] and more than half of all children are born to mothers who are immigrants. Between 1990 and 2000 the city admitted 1,224,524 immigrants.^[52] Demographers and city officials have observed that immigration to New York City has been slowing since 1997. This is mostly due to more and more immigrants choosing directly to locate to the city's suburbs and then commute to the city or work in many of its booming edge cities such as Fort Lee, NJ, Hempstead, NY, Morristown, NJ, Stamford, CT, White Plains, NY, and others. Despite the slowdown in immigration the city's overall immigrant population has continued to increase and in 2006 it numbered 3.038 million (37.0%) up from 2.871 million (35.9%) in 2000.^[53]^[54] By 2013, the population of foreign-born individuals living in New York City had increased to 3.07 million, and as a percentage of total population, was the highest it had been in the past 100 years.^[55]

Throughout its history, New York City has been a principal port of entry for immigration to the United States. ^[56]^[25] These immigrants often form ethnic enclaves, neighborhoods dominated by one ethnicity. The city experienced major immigration from Europe in the 19th century and another major wave in the early 20th century, being admitted into the United States of America primarily through Ellis Island. Since the passage of the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965, and particularly since the 1980s, New York City has seen renewed rates of high immigration. Newer immigrants are from Latin America, the Caribbean, Asia, Eastern Europe and Africa. 36% of the city's population is foreign-born.^[25] Among U.S. cities, this proportion is higher only in Los Angeles and Miami.^[16]

In New York, no single country or region of origin dominates.^[56] The ten largest sources of foreign-born individuals in the city as of 2011^[update] were the Dominican Republic, China, Mexico, Guyana, Jamaica, Ecuador, Haiti, India, Russia, Trinidad and Tobago, and El Salvador.^[57]^[58] Queens has the largest Asian American and Andean populations in the United States, and is also the most ethnically and linguistically diverse urban area in the world.^[59]^[60]

The metropolitan area is home to 20% of the nation's Indian Americans and at least 20 Little India enclaves, and 15% of all Korean Americans and four Koreatowns;^[61] the largest Asian Indian population in the Western Hemisphere; the largest Russian American,^[62] Italian American, and African American populations; the largest Dominican American, Puerto Rican American, and South American^[62] and second-largest overall Hispanic population in the United States, numbering 4.8 million;^[63] and includes multiple established Chinatowns within New York City alone.^[64]

New York City has the largest European and non-Hispanic white population of any American city, with 2.7 million in 2012.^[65] The European diaspora residing in the city is very diverse and many European ethnic groups have formed enclaves in New York.^[66]^[67]^[68] More than 12 million European immigrants were received at Ellis Island between 1892 and 1954.^[69]

Asian Americans in New York City, according to the 2010 census, number more than one million, greater than the combined totals of San Francisco and Los Angeles.^[70] New York contains the highest total Asian population of any U.S. city proper.^[71] New York has the largest Chinese population of any city outside Asia,^[72] and the Manhattan's Chinatown is the highest concentration of Chinese people in the Western Hemisphere,^[46] while Queens is home to the largest Tibetan population outside Asia.^[73] As of 2023, illegal Chinese immigration to New York City, especially to Queens and its Flushing Chinatown, has accelerated.^[74] Arab Americans number over 160,000 in New York City,^[75] with the highest concentration in Brooklyn. Central Asians, primarily Uzbek Americans, are a rapidly growing segment of the city's non-Hispanic White population.^[76]

New York is also home to the highest Jewish population of any city in the world, numbering 1.6 million in 2022, more than Tel Aviv and Jerusalem combined.^[77] In the borough of Brooklyn, an estimated 1 in 4 residents is Jewish.^[78]

Venezuela, Ecuador, Colombia, Guyana, Peru, and Brazil, are the top source countries from South America for immigrants to the New York City region; the Dominican Republic, Jamaica, Haiti, and Trinidad and Tobago in the Caribbean; Nigeria, Egypt, Ghana, Tanzania, Kenya, and South Africa from Africa; and El Salvador, Honduras, and Guatemala in Central America.^[79] Amidst a resurgence of Puerto Rican migration to New York City, this population had increased to approximately 1.5 million in the metropolitan area as of 2016^[update].^[80]

Since 2010, Little Australia has emerged and is growing rapidly, representing the Australasian presence in Nolita, Manhattan.^[81]^[82]^[83]^[84] In 2011, there were an estimated 20,000 Australian residents of New York City, nearly quadruple the 5,537 in 2005.^[85]^[86] Qantas Airways of Australia and Air New Zealand have been planning for long-haul flights from New York to Sydney and Auckland, which would both rank among the longest non-stop flights in the world.^[87]

Languages[edit]

According to the 2022 American Community Survey, the most commonly spoken languages in New York City by people aged 5 years and over (7,863,226 people):^[88]

Speak only English: 52%
Language other than English: 48%
Spanish: 23.1%
Other Indo-European languages: 12.8%
Asian languages and Pacific Island languages: 9%
Other languages: 3.1%

Religion[edit]

Religious affiliation (2014)^[89]^[90]

Christian			59%
Catholic			33%
Protestant			23%
Other Christian			3%
Unaffiliated			24%
Jewish			8%
Muslim			4%
Hindu			2%
Buddhist			1%
Other faiths			1%

Religious affiliations in New York City

The landmark Neo-Gothic Roman Catholic St. Patrick's Cathedral, Midtown Manhattan

Central Synagogue, a notable Reform synagogue located at 652 Lexington Avenue

The Islamic Cultural Center of New York in Upper Manhattan, the first mosque built in New York City

Ganesh Temple in Flushing, Queens, the oldest Hindu temple in the U.S.

Christianity[edit]

Largely as a result of Western European missionary work and colonialism, Christianity is the largest religion (59% adherent) in New York City,^[89] which is home to the highest number of churches of any city in the world.^[91] Roman Catholicism is the largest Christian denomination (33%), followed by Protestantism (23%), and other Christian denominations (3%). The Roman Catholic population are primarily served by the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of New York and Diocese of Brooklyn. Eastern Catholics are divided into numerous jurisdictions throughout the city. Evangelical Protestantism is the largest branch of Protestantism in the city (9%), followed by Mainline Protestantism (8%), while the converse is usually true for other cities and metropolitan areas.^[90] In Evangelicalism, Baptists are the largest group; in Mainline Protestantism, Reformed Protestants compose the largest subset. The majority of historically African American churches are affiliated with the National Baptist Convention (USA) and Progressive National Baptist Convention. The Church of God in Christ is one of the largest predominantly Black Pentecostal denominations in the area. Approximately 1% of the population is Mormon. The Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of America and other Orthodox Christians (mainstream and independent) were the largest Eastern Christian groups. The American Orthodox Catholic Church (initially led by Aftimios Ofiesh) was founded in New York City in 1927.^{[citation needed]}

Judaism[edit]

Judaism, the second-largest religion practiced in New York City, with upwards of 1.6 million adherents as of 2022, represents the largest Jewish community of any city in the world, greater than the combined totals of Tel Aviv and Jerusalem.^[92] In 2011, a report by the UJA-Federation of New York found the Jewish population of New York City to stand at 1.1 million.^[93] Nearly half of the city's Jews live in Brooklyn, which is one-quarter Jewish.^[94]^[95] In that same study, 16% of Jews in the New York City and the nearby Nassau, Suffolk, and Westchester counties identified as ethnically Jewish, as opposed to being religiously Jewish^[93]^[96] In 2012, the largest Jewish denominations were Orthodox, Haredi, and Conservative Judaism.^[97] The first wave of Jewish migration to New York City occurred the 1650s, consisting of Sephardic Jews from Recife who originally sought refuge in Dutch Brazil following the Spanish Inquisition, and later fled to New York after Portugal retook Recife.^[98] The Jewish population in New York City exploded from 80,000 Jews in 1880 to 1.5 million in 1920, as Eastern European Jews fled pogroms and discrimination.^[99] The Jewish population peaked at 2.2 million in 1940.^[93] A large portion of the population suburbanized after World War II,^[93] as a part of the larger trend of White flight^{[citation needed]}. Still, the 1970s saw the arrival of Jews migrating to New York City from the USSR, Syria, and Iran.^[93] Reform Jewish communities are prevalent through the area.^[relevant?] 770 Eastern Parkway is the headquarters of the international Chabad Lubavitch movement, and is considered an icon, while Congregation Emanu-El of New York in Manhattan is the largest Reform synagogue in the world.^{[citation needed]}^[relevant?]

Islam[edit]

Islam ranks as the third largest religion in New York City, following Christianity and Judaism, with estimates ranging between 600,000 and 1,000,000 observers of Islam, including 10% of the city's public school children.^[100] 22.3% of American Muslims live in New York City, with 1.5 million Muslims in the greater New York metropolitan area, representing the largest metropolitan Muslim population in the Western Hemisphere^[101]—and the most ethnically diverse Muslim population of any city in the world.^[102] Powers Street Mosque in Brooklyn is one of the oldest continuously operating mosques in the U.S., and represents the first Islamic organization in both the city and the state of New York.^[103]^[104]

Hinduism and other religious affiliations[edit]

Following these three largest religious groups in New York City are Hinduism, Buddhism, Sikhism, Zoroastrianism, and a variety of other religions. As of 2023, 24% of Greater New Yorkers identified with no organized religious affiliation, including 4% Atheist.^[105]

Wealth and income disparity[edit]

New York City, like other large cities, has a high degree of income disparity, as indicated by its Gini coefficient of 0.55 as of 2017.^[106] In the first quarter of 2014,^{[needs update]} the average weekly wage in New York County (Manhattan) was $2,749, representing the highest total among large counties in the United States.^[107] In 2022, New York City was home to the highest number of billionaires of any city in the world, with a total of 107.^[108] New York also had the highest density of millionaires per capita among major U.S. cities in 2014, at 4.6% of residents.^[109] New York City is one of the relatively few American cities levying an income tax (about 3%) on its residents.^[110]^[111]^[112] As of 2018, there were 78,676 homeless people in New York City.^[113]

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^ United States -- Places and (in selected states) County Subdivisions with 50,000 or More Population; and for Puerto Rico Archived June 8, 2011, at the Wayback Machine, United States Census Bureau United States Census, 2000. Accessed June 12, 2007.
^ "Population Density" Archived February 10, 2007, at the Wayback Machine, Geographic Information Systems - GIS of Interest. Accessed May 17, 2007. "What I discovered is that out of the 3140 counties listed in the Census population data only 178 counties were calculated to have a population density over one person per acre. Not surprisingly, New York County (which contains Manhattan) had the highest population density with a calculated 104.218 persons per acre."
^ ^a ^b ^c New York City Department of City Planning (2005). "The Newest New Yorkers: 2000" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on March 29, 2009. Retrieved March 27, 2007.
^ "Appendix Table 5-4: Ten Largest Sources of the Foreign-Born by County New York Metropolitan Region, 2000" (PDF). New York City Department of City Planning. 2005. Archived from the original (PDF) on June 14, 2007. Retrieved March 26, 2007.
^ New York City Department of City Planning (December 2006). "New York City Population Projections by Age/Sex and Borough, 2000-2030" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on January 12, 2007. Retrieved March 27, 2007. See also Roberts, Sam (February 19, 2006). "By 2025, Planners See a Million New Stories in the Crowded City". The New York Times. Retrieved July 19, 2006.
^ New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene (April 21, 2003). "Summary of Vital Statistics" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on February 28, 2007. Retrieved April 21, 2007.
^ Roberts, Sam (March 27, 2007). "In Surge in Manhattan Toddlers, Rich White Families Lead Way". The New York Times. Retrieved March 27, 2007.
^ Roberts, Sam (April 9, 2005). "In Manhattan, Poor Make 2 Cents for Each Dollar to the Rich". The New York Times. Archived from the original on July 9, 2008. Retrieved March 27, 2007.
^ ^a ^b ^c "Average Weekly Wage in Manhattan at $1,453 in Second Quarter 2006" (PDF). Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor. February 20, 2007. Retrieved February 21, 2007.
^ Roberts, Sam (July 20, 2007). "Women are Winners". The New York Times. Retrieved May 1, 2010.
^ "David Koch Tops 70 N.Y. Billionaires on Forbes List; Conn. Has 11". March 5, 2013. ^{[permanent dead link]}
^ Roberts, Sam (April 9, 2005). "In Manhattan, Poor Make 2 Cents for Each Dollar to the Rich". The New York Times. Archived from the original on July 9, 2008. Retrieved March 27, 2007.
^ Roberts, Sam (March 27, 2007). "In Surge in Manhattan Toddlers, Rich White Families Lead Way". The New York Times. Retrieved March 27, 2007.
^ U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States, 2003 (page 617), Table 957: Housing Units and Tenure for Large Cities: 2000
^ "Housing Vacancy Survey". Nyc.gov. Retrieved August 29, 2017.
^ "A Story Map: 2020 Census Demographic Data Map Viewer". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved August 12, 2021.
^ "QuickFacts New York County, New York; Richmond County, New York; Kings County, New York; Queens County, New York; Bronx County, New York; New York city, New York". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved June 13, 2023.
^ "NYC Population: Current and Projected Populations". NYC.gov. Retrieved June 10, 2017.
^ "Gross Domestic Product by County and Metropolitan Area, 2022" (PDF). Bureau of Economic Analysis.
^ "Neighborhood Tabulation Areas (Formerly "Neighborhood Projection Areas")". NYC Planning. Retrieved July 27, 2020.
^ "New York City Department of City Planning: NYC Population Projections by Age/Sex and Borough, 2000-2030" (PDF). Nyc.gov. Archived from the original (PDF) on March 4, 2016. Retrieved August 29, 2017.
^ NYC To File Formal Challenge to 2010 Census under Count Question Resolution Process "NYC to File Formal Challenge to the 2010 Census Count". Archived from the original on March 30, 2011. Retrieved March 31, 2011.
^ "Mike Bloomberg - On the 2010 Census Results". MikeBloomberg.com. Archived from the original on May 28, 2011.
^ ^a ^b
* "Chinatown New York City Fact Sheet" (PDF). www.explorechinatown.com. Retrieved August 28, 2022.
- Waxman, Sarah. "The History of New York's Chinatown". Mediabridge Infosystems, Inc. Retrieved August 28, 2022. Manhattan's Chinatown, the largest Chinatown in the United States and the site of the largest concentration of Chinese in the Western Hemisphere, is located on the Lower East Side.
- Reimers, David M. (1992). Still the golden door: the Third ... – Google Books. Columbia University Press. ISBN 9780231076814. Retrieved August 28, 2022.
- Lawrence A. McGlinn, Department of Geography SUNY-New Paltz. "Beyond Chinatown: Dual immigration and the Chinese population of metropolitan New York City, 2000, Page 4" (PDF). Middle States Geographer, 2002, 35: 110–119, Journal of the Middle States Division of the Association of American Geographers. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 29, 2012. Retrieved August 28, 2022.
- Reimers, David M. (1992). Still the golden door: the Third ... – Google Books. Columbia University Press. ISBN 9780231076814. Retrieved August 28, 2022.
^ Simone Weichselbaum (June 26, 2012). "Nearly one in four Brooklyn residents are Jews, new study finds". New York Daily News. Retrieved May 29, 2013.
^ ^a ^b "P2: Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2020: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) – New York City, New York". United States Census Bureau.
^ "P004: Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2000: DEC Summary File 1 – New York City, New York". United States Census Bureau.
^ "P2: Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2010: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) – New York City, New York". United States Census Bureau.
^ "QuickFacts: New York city, New York". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved November 1, 2023.
^ New York City Department of City Planning (2000). "2000 Census" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on July 12, 2007. Retrieved May 24, 2007.
^ "Real Estate". Observer. Archived from the original on February 3, 2009.
^ Bureau, U.S. Census. "American FactFinder - Community Facts". factfinder.census.gov. Archived from the original on February 5, 2009. Retrieved August 26, 2017.
^ "More Foreign-Born Immigrants Live In NYC Than There Are People In Chicago". Huffington Post. December 19, 2013. Retrieved February 25, 2015.
^ ^a ^b Semple, Kirk (June 8, 2013). "City's Newest Immigrant Enclaves, From Little Guyana to Meokjagolmok". The New York Times. Retrieved June 12, 2013.
^ New York City Department of City Planning (2005). "Appendix Table 5-4: Ten Largest Sources of the Foreign-Born by County New York Metropolitan Region, 2000" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on June 14, 2007. Retrieved March 26, 2007.
^ Semple, Kirk (December 18, 2013). "Immigration Remakes and Sustains City, a Report Concludes". The New York Times. Retrieved December 18, 2013.
^ Lubin, Gus (February 15, 2017). "Queens Has More Languages Than Anywhere in the World – Here's Where They're Found". Business Insider. Retrieved January 4, 2023.
^ Weber, Andrew (April 30, 2013). "Queens". NewYork.com. Archived from the original on May 13, 2015. Retrieved March 20, 2016.
^ "Explore Census Data". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved October 31, 2023.
^ ^a ^b "Yearbook of Immigration Statistics: 2011 Supplemental Table 2". U.S. Department of Homeland Security. Retrieved July 18, 2014.
^ "Hispanic or Latino by Type: 2010". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on February 12, 2020. Retrieved October 8, 2014.
^ Semple, Kirk (June 23, 2011). "Asian New Yorkers Seek Power to Match Numbers". The New York Times. Retrieved September 2, 2012.
^ "American FactFinder—Results". U.S. Department of Commerce. Archived from the original on February 12, 2020. Retrieved October 8, 2014.
^ Brennan Ortiz (2014). "NYC's Micro Neighborhoods: Little Odesa in Brighton Beach, Brooklyn". Untapped Cities (online, January 23). Retrieved October 22, 2023.
^ Richard F. Shepard (November 15, 1991). "Astoria, a Greek Isle in the New York City Sea". The New York Times. Retrieved October 22, 2023.
^ Kerry Kolasa-Sikiaridi (June 18, 2022). "Astoria: The Ever-Changing Greektown of New York". Greek Reporter. Retrieved October 22, 2023.
^ Jones, Charisse (September 24, 2008). "Ellis Island strives to tell more complete immigration story". USA Today. Retrieved July 4, 2014.
^ Semple, Kirk (June 23, 2011). "Asian New Yorkers Seek Power to Match Numbers". The New York Times. Retrieved July 5, 2011. Asians, a group more commonly associated with the West Coast, are surging in New York, where they have long been eclipsed in the city's kaleidoscopic racial and ethnic mix. For the first time, according to census figures released in the spring, their numbers have topped one million—nearly one in eight New Yorkers—which is more than the Asian population in the cities of San Francisco and Los Angeles combined.
^ "Asian American Statistics". Améredia Incorporated. Retrieved July 5, 2011.
^ Vivian Yee (February 22, 2015). "Indictment of New York Officer Divides Chinese-Americans". The New York Times. Retrieved November 17, 2023. Now they are reaching out to the Chinese-language press, contacting lawyers to advise Officer Liang and planning a protest march in New York, a city with the largest Chinese population outside of Asia.
^ "Most Significant Unreached People Group Communities in Metro NY". GLOBAL GATES. July 17, 2012. Archived from the original on October 27, 2014. Retrieved October 27, 2014.
^ Eileen Sullivan (November 24, 2023). "Growing Numbers of Chinese Migrants Are Crossing the Southern Border". The New York Times. Retrieved November 24, 2023. Most who have come to the United States in the past year were middle-class adults who have headed to New York after being released from custody. New York has been a prime destination for migrants from other nations as well, particularly Venezuelans, who rely on the city's resources, including its shelters. But few of the Chinese migrants are staying in the shelters. Instead, they are going where Chinese citizens have gone for generations: Flushing, Queens. Or to some, the Chinese Manhattan..."New York is a self-sufficient Chinese immigrants community," said the Rev. Mike Chan, the executive director of the Chinese Christian Herald Crusade, a faith-based group in the neighborhood.
^ "A Community of Many Worlds: Arab Americans in New York City". Allied Media Corp. Archived from the original on November 8, 2014. Retrieved October 9, 2014.
^ "Yearbook of Immigration Statistics: 2013 Lawful Permanent Residents Supplemental Table 2". U.S. Department of Homeland Security. Retrieved July 19, 2014.
^ "Transcript: Mayor Eric Adams Discusses Coordinated Efforts That Stopped Potential Attack on Jewish Community". www.nyc.gov. November 21, 2022.
^ Danailova, Hilary (January 2018). "Brooklyn, the Most Jewish Spot on Earth". Hadassah Magazine.
^ "Persons Obtaining Lawful Permanent Resident Status by Leading Core Based Statistical Areas (CBSAs) of Residence and Region and Country of Birth: Fiscal Year 2013". United States Department of Homeland Security. Archived from the original on July 12, 2014. Retrieved March 6, 2015.
^ "Selected Population Profile in the United States, 2016 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on February 14, 2020. Retrieved October 22, 2023.
^ Busuttil, Shaun (November 3, 2016). "G-day! Welcome to Little Australia in New York City". KarryOn. Retrieved May 23, 2019. In Little Australia, Australian-owned cafes are popping up all over the place (such as Two Hands), joining other Australian-owned businesses (such as nightclubs and art galleries) as part of a growing green and gold contingent in NYC. Indeed, walking in this neighbourhood, the odds of your hearing a fellow Aussie ordering a coffee or just kicking back and chatting are high—very high—so much so that if you're keen to meet other Aussies whilst taking your own bite out of the Big Apple, then this is the place to throw that Australian accent around like it's going out of fashion!
^ McLogan, Elle (October 3, 2017). "Why Are There So Many Australians in New York?". CBS Television Stations. Retrieved November 12, 2021.
^ Reynolds, Emma (July 30, 2018). "Australia's secret weapon is quietly changing New York". news.com.au. Retrieved June 4, 2019. THERE'S a quiet revolution taking place across the Big Apple, and it all stems from Down Under.
^ Gunner, Siobhan. "The Australian Cafés Taking Over The NYC Breakfast Scene". Just Opened New York. Archived from the original on June 3, 2019. Retrieved June 4, 2019.
^ Baird, Saxon (June 9, 2014). "What's The Deal With All These Australians In NYC?". Gothamist. Archived from the original on March 4, 2016. Retrieved November 12, 2021.
^ Forster, Tim (September 17, 2018). "Why Are So Many Australians Working in American Coffee?". Eater. Retrieved November 12, 2021.
^ Caswell, Mark (August 25, 2022). "Qantas to launch nonstop Auckland-JFK service". Business Traveller. Retrieved August 28, 2022.
^ "American Community Survey - S1601 - LANGUAGE SPOKEN AT HOME". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved March 28, 2024.
^ ^a ^b Lipka, Michael (July 29, 2015). "Major U.S. metropolitan areas differ in their religious profiles". Pew Research Center. Retrieved July 30, 2015.
^ ^a ^b "Religion in America: U.S. Religious Data, Demographics and Statistics". Pew Research Center's Religion & Public Life Project. Retrieved July 11, 2020.
^ Edward Robb Ellis (December 21, 2004). The Epic of New York City: A Narrative History. Basic Books. p. 593. ISBN 9780786714360. Retrieved January 2, 2023.
^ "Transcript: Mayor Eric Adams Discusses Coordinated Efforts That Stopped Potential Attack on Jewish Community". City of New York. November 21, 2022. Retrieved November 24, 2022. New York City is home to 1.6 million Jews, the largest Jewish population of any city in the world.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e "Jewish Community Study of New York: 2011 Comprehensive Report" (PDF). UJA-Federation of New York. Archived from the original (PDF) on November 16, 2021. Retrieved August 13, 2014.
^ Weichselbaum, Simone (June 26, 2012). "Nearly one in four Brooklyn residents are Jews, new study finds". Daily News. New York. Archived from the original on July 4, 2018. Retrieved May 30, 2013.
^ Danailova, Hilary (January 11, 2018). "Brooklyn, the Most Jewish Spot on Earth". Hadassah Magazine. Retrieved July 29, 2020.
^ Nathan-Kazis, Josh (June 12, 2012). "N.Y. Jewish Population Grows to 1.5M: Study". The Forward. Retrieved November 21, 2021. See also the original UJA study: "Jewish Community Study of New York: 2011 Comprehensive Report".
^ "A 'staggering' 61% of Jewish kids in New York City area are Orthodox, new study finds". www.timesofisrael.com. The Times of Israel. June 13, 2012. Retrieved July 29, 2020.
^ Warner, R. Stephen; Wittner, Judith G., eds. (1998). Gatherings In Diaspora: Religious Communities and the New Immigration. Temple University Press. ISBN 9781566396134. JSTOR j.ctt14bs976.
^ "Tracing the History of Jewish Immigrants and Their Impact on New York City". Fordham Newsroom. December 12, 2017. Retrieved December 3, 2018.
^ Grynbaum, Michael M.; Otterman, Sharon (March 4, 2015). "New York City Adds 2 Muslim Holy Days to Public School Calendar". The New York Times. Retrieved March 4, 2015.
^ "An Impact Report of Muslim Contributions to New York City" (PDF). Institute for Social Policy and Understanding. Retrieved May 17, 2021.
^ "Muslims in Metro New York (Part 2) – Specific Muslim Group Estimates". Global Gates. February 29, 2016. Retrieved September 16, 2022.
^ Hussain, Tharik (May 19, 2016). "How America's oldest mosque was built by Muslims from the Baltic". www.baltictimes.com. The Baltic Times. Retrieved July 29, 2020.
^ Siddiqui, Zuha (December 26, 2018). "America's Oldest Surviving Mosque Is in Williamsburg". Bedford + Bowery. Retrieved July 29, 2020.
^ "Religious composition of adults in the New York City metropolitan area". Pew Research Center. Retrieved February 1, 2023.
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External links[edit]

New York City Department of City Planning Population Division

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[2] "Yearbook of Immigration Statistics: 2012 Supplemental Table 2". U.S. Department of Homeland Security. Retrieved April 2, 2013.

[3] "Yearbook of Immigration Statistics: 2011 Supplemental Table 2". U.S. Department of Homeland Security. Retrieved April 2, 2013.

[4] "Yearbook of Immigration Statistics: 2010 Supplemental Table 2". U.S. Department of Homeland Security. Retrieved April 2, 2013.

[5] "Yearbook of Immigration Statistics: 2009 Supplemental Table 2". U.S. Department of Homeland Security. Retrieved April 2, 2013.

[6] "Big Radius Tool: StatsAmerica". Indiana Business Research Center. Retrieved October 30, 2022.

[NYCRightToShelter-7] Annie McDonough (August 15, 2023). "Could New York City's right to shelter apply statewide?". City & State New York. Retrieved September 9, 2023.

[NYCHighestForeignBorn-8] "More Foreign-Born Immigrants Live in NYC Than There Are People in Chicago". HuffPost. December 19, 2013. Retrieved April 16, 2017.

[QueensMostLinguisticallyDiverse-9] Lubin, Gus (February 15, 2017). "Queens has more languages than anywhere in the world—here's where they're found". Business Insider. Retrieved December 29, 2019.

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[18] Greene and Harrington (1932). American Population Before the Federal Census of 1790. New York.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link), as cited in: Rosenwaike, Ira (1972). Population History of New York City. Syracuse, N.Y.: Syracuse University Press. p. 8. ISBN 0-8156-2155-8.

[1790-1990-19] Gibson, Campbell.Population of the 100 Largest Cities and Other Urban Places in the United States:1790 to 1990, United States Census Bureau, June 1998. Retrieved June 12, 2007.

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[2023_Estimates-22] Hu, Winnie; Chen, Stefanos (March 14, 2024). "New York City's Population Shrinks by 78,000, According to Census Data". New York Times. Retrieved March 19, 2024.

[23] United States -- Places and (in selected states) County Subdivisions with 50,000 or More Population; and for Puerto Rico Archived June 8, 2011, at the Wayback Machine, United States Census Bureau United States Census, 2000. Accessed June 12, 2007.

[24] "Population Density" Archived February 10, 2007, at the Wayback Machine, Geographic Information Systems - GIS of Interest. Accessed May 17, 2007. "What I discovered is that out of the 3140 counties listed in the Census population data only 178 counties were calculated to have a population density over one person per acre. Not surprisingly, New York County (which contains Manhattan) had the highest population density with a calculated 104.218 persons per acre."

[NYC_immigration-25] New York City Department of City Planning (2005). "The Newest New Yorkers: 2000" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on March 29, 2009. Retrieved March 27, 2007.

[26] "Appendix Table 5-4: Ten Largest Sources of the Foreign-Born by County New York Metropolitan Region, 2000" (PDF). New York City Department of City Planning. 2005. Archived from the original (PDF) on June 14, 2007. Retrieved March 26, 2007.

[27] New York City Department of City Planning (December 2006). "New York City Population Projections by Age/Sex and Borough, 2000-2030" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on January 12, 2007. Retrieved March 27, 2007. See also Roberts, Sam (February 19, 2006). "By 2025, Planners See a Million New Stories in the Crowded City". The New York Times. Retrieved July 19, 2006.

[28] New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene (April 21, 2003). "Summary of Vital Statistics" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on February 28, 2007. Retrieved April 21, 2007.

[29] Roberts, Sam (March 27, 2007). "In Surge in Manhattan Toddlers, Rich White Families Lead Way". The New York Times. Retrieved March 27, 2007.

[30] Roberts, Sam (April 9, 2005). "In Manhattan, Poor Make 2 Cents for Each Dollar to the Rich". The New York Times. Archived from the original on July 9, 2008. Retrieved March 27, 2007.

[ManhattanLabor-31] "Average Weekly Wage in Manhattan at $1,453 in Second Quarter 2006" (PDF). Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor. February 20, 2007. Retrieved February 21, 2007.

[32] Roberts, Sam (July 20, 2007). "Women are Winners". The New York Times. Retrieved May 1, 2010.

[richest_New_Yorkers_2013-33] "David Koch Tops 70 N.Y. Billionaires on Forbes List; Conn. Has 11". March 5, 2013. ^{[permanent dead link]}

[34] Roberts, Sam (April 9, 2005). "In Manhattan, Poor Make 2 Cents for Each Dollar to the Rich". The New York Times. Archived from the original on July 9, 2008. Retrieved March 27, 2007.

[35] Roberts, Sam (March 27, 2007). "In Surge in Manhattan Toddlers, Rich White Families Lead Way". The New York Times. Retrieved March 27, 2007.

[36] U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States, 2003 (page 617), Table 957: Housing Units and Tenure for Large Cities: 2000

[37] "Housing Vacancy Survey". Nyc.gov. Retrieved August 29, 2017.

[38] "A Story Map: 2020 Census Demographic Data Map Viewer". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved August 12, 2021.

[39] "QuickFacts New York County, New York; Richmond County, New York; Kings County, New York; Queens County, New York; Bronx County, New York; New York city, New York". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved June 13, 2023.

[40] "NYC Population: Current and Projected Populations". NYC.gov. Retrieved June 10, 2017.

[41] "Gross Domestic Product by County and Metropolitan Area, 2022" (PDF). Bureau of Economic Analysis.

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[43] "New York City Department of City Planning: NYC Population Projections by Age/Sex and Borough, 2000-2030" (PDF). Nyc.gov. Archived from the original (PDF) on March 4, 2016. Retrieved August 29, 2017.

[44] NYC To File Formal Challenge to 2010 Census under Count Question Resolution Process "NYC to File Formal Challenge to the 2010 Census Count". Archived from the original on March 30, 2011. Retrieved March 31, 2011.

[45] "Mike Bloomberg - On the 2010 Census Results". MikeBloomberg.com. Archived from the original on May 28, 2011.

[fact-sheet-46] * "Chinatown New York City Fact Sheet" (PDF). www.explorechinatown.com. Retrieved August 28, 2022.
Waxman, Sarah. "The History of New York's Chinatown". Mediabridge Infosystems, Inc. Retrieved August 28, 2022. Manhattan's Chinatown, the largest Chinatown in the United States and the site of the largest concentration of Chinese in the Western Hemisphere, is located on the Lower East Side.

Reimers, David M. (1992). Still the golden door: the Third ... – Google Books. Columbia University Press. ISBN 9780231076814. Retrieved August 28, 2022.

Lawrence A. McGlinn, Department of Geography SUNY-New Paltz. "Beyond Chinatown: Dual immigration and the Chinese population of metropolitan New York City, 2000, Page 4" (PDF). Middle States Geographer, 2002, 35: 110–119, Journal of the Middle States Division of the Association of American Geographers. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 29, 2012. Retrieved August 28, 2022.

Reimers, David M. (1992). Still the golden door: the Third ... – Google Books. Columbia University Press. ISBN 9780231076814. Retrieved August 28, 2022.

[47] Waxman, Sarah. "The History of New York's Chinatown". Mediabridge Infosystems, Inc. Retrieved August 28, 2022. Manhattan's Chinatown, the largest Chinatown in the United States and the site of the largest concentration of Chinese in the Western Hemisphere, is located on the Lower East Side.

[48] Reimers, David M. (1992). Still the golden door: the Third ... – Google Books. Columbia University Press. ISBN 9780231076814. Retrieved August 28, 2022.

[49] Lawrence A. McGlinn, Department of Geography SUNY-New Paltz. "Beyond Chinatown: Dual immigration and the Chinese population of metropolitan New York City, 2000, Page 4" (PDF). Middle States Geographer, 2002, 35: 110–119, Journal of the Middle States Division of the Association of American Geographers. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 29, 2012. Retrieved August 28, 2022.

[50] Reimers, David M. (1992). Still the golden door: the Third ... – Google Books. Columbia University Press. ISBN 9780231076814. Retrieved August 28, 2022.

[47] Simone Weichselbaum (June 26, 2012). "Nearly one in four Brooklyn residents are Jews, new study finds". New York Daily News. Retrieved May 29, 2013.

[2020CensusP2-48] "P2: Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2020: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) – New York City, New York". United States Census Bureau.

[2000CensusP004-49] "P004: Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2000: DEC Summary File 1 – New York City, New York". United States Census Bureau.

[2010CensusP2-50] "P2: Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2010: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) – New York City, New York". United States Census Bureau.

[NYCForeignBorn-51] "QuickFacts: New York city, New York". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved November 1, 2023.

[52] New York City Department of City Planning (2000). "2000 Census" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on July 12, 2007. Retrieved May 24, 2007.

[53] "Real Estate". Observer. Archived from the original on February 3, 2009.

[54] Bureau, U.S. Census. "American FactFinder - Community Facts". factfinder.census.gov. Archived from the original on February 5, 2009. Retrieved August 26, 2017.

[55] "More Foreign-Born Immigrants Live In NYC Than There Are People In Chicago". Huffington Post. December 19, 2013. Retrieved February 25, 2015.

[CityDiversity-56] Semple, Kirk (June 8, 2013). "City's Newest Immigrant Enclaves, From Little Guyana to Meokjagolmok". The New York Times. Retrieved June 12, 2013.

[57] New York City Department of City Planning (2005). "Appendix Table 5-4: Ten Largest Sources of the Foreign-Born by County New York Metropolitan Region, 2000" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on June 14, 2007. Retrieved March 26, 2007.

[58] Semple, Kirk (December 18, 2013). "Immigration Remakes and Sustains City, a Report Concludes". The New York Times. Retrieved December 18, 2013.

[QueensMostDiverseWorld3-59] Lubin, Gus (February 15, 2017). "Queens Has More Languages Than Anywhere in the World – Here's Where They're Found". Business Insider. Retrieved January 4, 2023.

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[NYCPrimaryChineseDestination-74] Eileen Sullivan (November 24, 2023). "Growing Numbers of Chinese Migrants Are Crossing the Southern Border". The New York Times. Retrieved November 24, 2023. Most who have come to the United States in the past year were middle-class adults who have headed to New York after being released from custody. New York has been a prime destination for migrants from other nations as well, particularly Venezuelans, who rely on the city's resources, including its shelters. But few of the Chinese migrants are staying in the shelters. Instead, they are going where Chinese citizens have gone for generations: Flushing, Queens. Or to some, the Chinese Manhattan..."New York is a self-sufficient Chinese immigrants community," said the Rev. Mike Chan, the executive director of the Chinese Christian Herald Crusade, a faith-based group in the neighborhood.

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[LittleAustraliaNYC-81] Busuttil, Shaun (November 3, 2016). "G-day! Welcome to Little Australia in New York City". KarryOn. Retrieved May 23, 2019. In Little Australia, Australian-owned cafes are popping up all over the place (such as Two Hands), joining other Australian-owned businesses (such as nightclubs and art galleries) as part of a growing green and gold contingent in NYC. Indeed, walking in this neighbourhood, the odds of your hearing a fellow Aussie ordering a coffee or just kicking back and chatting are high—very high—so much so that if you're keen to meet other Aussies whilst taking your own bite out of the Big Apple, then this is the place to throw that Australian accent around like it's going out of fashion!

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[83] Reynolds, Emma (July 30, 2018). "Australia's secret weapon is quietly changing New York". news.com.au. Retrieved June 4, 2019. THERE'S a quiet revolution taking place across the Big Apple, and it all stems from Down Under.

[84] Gunner, Siobhan. "The Australian Cafés Taking Over The NYC Breakfast Scene". Just Opened New York. Archived from the original on June 3, 2019. Retrieved June 4, 2019.

[85] Baird, Saxon (June 9, 2014). "What's The Deal With All These Australians In NYC?". Gothamist. Archived from the original on March 4, 2016. Retrieved November 12, 2021.

[86] Forster, Tim (September 17, 2018). "Why Are So Many Australians Working in American Coffee?". Eater. Retrieved November 12, 2021.

[NYCAucklandNonstop-87] Caswell, Mark (August 25, 2022). "Qantas to launch nonstop Auckland-JFK service". Business Traveller. Retrieved August 28, 2022.

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[NYCReligion1-89] Lipka, Michael (July 29, 2015). "Major U.S. metropolitan areas differ in their religious profiles". Pew Research Center. Retrieved July 30, 2015.

[NYCReligion2-90] "Religion in America: U.S. Religious Data, Demographics and Statistics". Pew Research Center's Religion & Public Life Project. Retrieved July 11, 2020.

[NYCTheCapitaloftheWorld-91] Edward Robb Ellis (December 21, 2004). The Epic of New York City: A Narrative History. Basic Books. p. 593. ISBN 9780786714360. Retrieved January 2, 2023.

[NYCWorldsLargestJewishPopulation-92] "Transcript: Mayor Eric Adams Discusses Coordinated Efforts That Stopped Potential Attack on Jewish Community". City of New York. November 21, 2022. Retrieved November 24, 2022. New York City is home to 1.6 million Jews, the largest Jewish population of any city in the world.

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[100] Grynbaum, Michael M.; Otterman, Sharon (March 4, 2015). "New York City Adds 2 Muslim Holy Days to Public School Calendar". The New York Times. Retrieved March 4, 2015.

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v t e New York City
Index of New York City-related articles
By topic	History timeline Neighborhoods ethnic enclaves Architecture Art Deco monuments skyscrapers People Media Economy companies Geography Climate Flags Environmental issues environment food and water rats Demographics history Directories Brooklyn Manhattan Queens
Boroughs	The Bronx (Bronx County) Brooklyn (Kings County) Manhattan (New York County) Queens (Queens County) Staten Island (Richmond County)
Government	Mayor Elections Council Borough presidents Community Districts Politics City agencies Toilets
Emergency services	Hospitals Fire Police crime law enforcement Emergency Management
Transportation	History Entities DOT former BOT Vision Zero Initiative Port Authority Metropolitan Transportation Authority Subway Bus Staten Island Railway Long Island Rail Road Metro-North Railroad PATH Bridges and tunnels Streets Airports John F. Kennedy International Airport LaGuardia Airport Newark Liberty International Airport
Culture	Arts Books Community gardens Cuisine Dialect accent Farmers' markets Libraries Brooklyn New York (Manhattan, the Bronx, Staten Island) Queens Museums Music Nicknames Big Apple "Sixth borough" Sports Tourism gardens landmarks parks
Education	Dept. of Education Elementary schools High schools Colleges
History	Timeline Prehistory-1664 New Amsterdam 1665–1783 1784–1854 1855–1897 Civil War Annexed District (1874) East Bronx expansion (1895) 1898 expansion 1898–1945 1946–1977 1978–present 9/11 terror attacks (2001) COVID-19 pandemic and Delta cron hybrid variant (2020–2021) Moving Day Tammany Hall
New York City portal Category

v t e Ethnic groups in New York City
Ancestries	Arabs Syrians African Americans Black Jews Brazilians Asians Chinese Filipinos Indians Japanese Koreans Taiwanese Europeans Albanians Belarusians Dutch Germans Irish Italians Russians Ukrainians Caribbeans and Hispanics Puerto Ricans Dominicans Mexicans Salvadorans Jews Black Jews Native Americans Romani
Ethnic enclaves	8th Avenue/Lapskaus Blvd. Astoria Arthur Avenue Bay Ridge Bed–Stuy Bensonhurst Borough Park Brighton Beach Chinatowns Brooklyn Queens Manhattan Crown Heights Curry Hill Dyker Heights Elmhurst Flatbush Harlem Hell's Kitchen Howard Beach Italian Harlem Jackson Heights Jamaica Koreatowns Manhattan Queens Le Petit Senegal Little Brazil Little Egypt Little Fuzhou Little Germany Little Italy Little Manila Little Poland Little Saigon Little Spain Little Syria Loisaida Morris Park Ozone Park Spanish Harlem Sunset Park Washington Heights Williamsburg Yorkville
Institutions	African Burial Ground National Monument Bohemian Citizens' Benevolent Society El Museo del Barrio Hispanic Society of America Indo-American Arts Council Irish Repertory Theatre New York Asian Film Festival New York Filipino Film Festival Wales Week in New York
Cultural events	Brazilian Day Dominican Day Parade Feast of San Gennaro German-American Steuben Parade Korean Day Parade NY Persian Parade Philippine Independence Day Parade Puerto Rican Day Parade Pulaski Day Parade
Historical events	New York Slave Revolt of 1712 New York Conspiracy of 1741 New York City teachers' strike of 1968 Crown Heights riots of 1991
Movements	Harlem Renaissance Nuyorican Movement
Media	Asahi Shimbun China Daily El Diario La Prensa The Forward Freie Arbeiter Stimme Il Progresso Italo-Americano India Abroad Irish Voice Little India Korea Times New Yorker Staats-Zeitung Nowy Dziennik Proletar Sing Tao Daily The Daily Star Epoch Times The Irish Echo World Journal
Other topics	Undocumented immigrants

v t e Demographics of the United States by state, territory, and metropolitan area/city
by state	Alabama Alaska Arizona Arkansas California Colorado Connecticut Delaware Florida Georgia Hawaii Idaho Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Montana Nebraska Nevada New Hampshire New Jersey New Mexico New York North Carolina North Dakota Ohio Oklahoma Oregon Pennsylvania Rhode Island South Carolina South Dakota Tennessee Texas Utah Vermont Virginia Washington West Virginia Wisconsin Wyoming
by federal district	District of Columbia
by territory	American Samoa Guam Northern Mariana Islands Puerto Rico U.S. Virgin Islands
by metropolitan area/city	Atlanta Chicago Cincinnati Cleveland Dallas-Fort Worth Dallas city Denver Metro Detroit Detroit city Erie, PA Holyoke, MA Houston Los Angeles Minneapolis New York City The Bronx Brooklyn Manhattan Queens Staten Island Philadelphia Saint Paul, MN San Francisco Seattle Tulsa, OK Utica, NY