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{{Short description|Genus of palms}}
{{Taxobox
{{Automatic taxobox
⚫
| name = ''Dictyocaryum''
| image =
|image = Dictyocaryum Lamarckianum.jpg
| image_caption =
|image_caption = ''Dictyocaryum lamarckianum''
|display_parents = 2
| regnum = [[Plant]]ae
⚫
|taxon = Dictyocaryum
| divisio = [[flowering plant|Magnoliophyta]]
|authority = [[H. Wendl.]]<ref name=sniffle>H.A. Wendland, Bonplandia 8:106. 1860</ref>
| classis = [[Liliopsida]]
⚫
|subdivision_ranks = Species
| ordo = [[Arecales]]
⚫
|subdivision = *''[[Dictyocaryum fuscum]]''
| familia = [[Arecaceae]]
| subfamilia = [[Arecoideae]]
| tribus = [[Iriarteeae]]
| genus = '''''Dictyocaryum'''''
| genus_authority = [[H. Wendl.]]
⚫
| subdivision_ranks = Species
| subdivision =
⚫
*''[[Dictyocaryum fuscum]]''
*''[[Dictyocaryum lamarckianum]]''
*''[[Dictyocaryum lamarckianum]]''
*''[[Dictyocaryum ptarianum]]''
*''[[Dictyocaryum ptarianum]]''
}}
}}

'''''Dictyocaryum''''' is a [[monoecious]] [[genus]] of [[flowering plant]] in the [[arecaceae|palm]] family found in [[South America]] which is closely related to the ''[[Iriartea]]'' genus; they are commonly called '''araque''' or '''palma real'''. As many as eleven [[species]] have been described but this number is reduced to three in most current accounts. The genus name translates from two [[Greek language|Greek]] words meaning "net" and "nut", describing the thick network of [[raphe]] fibers around the [[seed]].<ref name=riffle>Riffle, Robert L. and Craft, Paul (2003) ''An Encyclopedia of Cultivated Palms''. Portland: Timber Press. ISBN-10: 0881925586 / ISBN-13: 978-0881925586</ref>
'''''Dictyocaryum''''' is a [[monoecious]] [[genus]] of [[flowering plant]] in the [[arecaceae|palm]] family found in [[South America]]. It is closely related to the genus ''[[Iriartea]]''; they are commonly called '''araque''' or '''palma real'''. As many as eleven [[species]] have been described but this number is reduced to three in most current accounts. The genus name translates from two [[Greek language|Greek]] words meaning "net" and "nut", describing the thick network of [[raphe]] fibers around the [[seed]].<ref name=riffle>Riffle, Robert L. and Craft, Paul (2003) ''An Encyclopedia of Cultivated Palms''. Portland: Timber Press. {{ISBN|0-88192-558-6}} / {{ISBN|978-0-88192-558-6}}</ref>


==Description==
==Description==
''Dictocaryum'' palms are usually solitary in nature though ''D. ptarianum'' will occasionally cluster in habitat. All three plants have conical masses of stilt roots at the base which are armed with spines. The trunks are conspicuously ringed by leaf scars, to 30 cm wide, and in ''D. lamarckianum'' reach over 20 m in height. All have tall [[crownshaft|crownshafts]] and 4-6 large, plumose, [[pinnate]] leaves. The [[leaves]] may be sparsely to densely tomentose on the rachis and petiole, the leaflets are regularly and widely spaced, up to 60 cm long, dark green on top and glaucous on the underside. Compared to other palms, the [[inflorescences]] in this genus are unusually large, once-branched, and emerge below the leaf crown. Both male and female [[flowers]] are white to yellow, growing on the same plant, both with three [[sepals]] and three [[petals]]. The [[fruit]] develops from one carpel, yellow to orange to brown when ripe, containing one basally attached, spherical seed.<ref name=uhl>Uhl, Natalie W. and Dransfield, John (1987) ''Genera Palmarum - A classification of palms based on the work of Harold E. Moore''. Lawrence, Kansas: Allen Press. ISBN-10: ISBN-10: 0935868305 / ISBN-13: 978-0935868302</ref>
''Dictocaryum'' palms are usually solitary in nature though ''D. ptarianum'' will occasionally cluster in habitat. All three plants have conical masses of stilt roots at the base which are armed with spines. These stilt roots, in the case of D. fuscum, can be up to four inches (ten centimeters) thick.<ref>{{cite journal | last= Henderson | first= Andrew | date= May 2, 1990 | title= Arecaceae - Part 1 | journal= Flora Neotropica | volume= 53 | page= 54 }}</ref> The trunks are conspicuously ringed by leaf scars, to 30&nbsp;cm wide, and in ''D. lamarckianum'' reach over 20 m in height. All have tall [[crownshaft]]s and 4-6 large, plumose, [[pinnate]] leaves. The [[leaves]] may be sparsely to densely tomentose on the rachis and petiole, the leaflets are regularly and widely spaced, up to 60&nbsp;cm long, dark green on top and glaucous on the underside.
Compared to other palms, the [[inflorescences]] in this genus are unusually large, once-branched, and emerge below the leaf crown. Both male and female [[flowers]] are white to yellow, growing on the same plant, both with three [[sepals]] and three [[petals]]. The [[fruit]] develops from one carpel, yellow to orange to brown when ripe, containing one basally attached, spherical seed.<ref name=uhl>Uhl, Natalie W. and Dransfield, John (1987) ''Genera Palmarum - A classification of palms based on the work of Harold E. Moore''. Lawrence, Kansas: Allen Press. {{ISBN|0-935868-30-5}} / {{ISBN|978-0-935868-30-2}}</ref>


==Distribution and habitat==
==Distribution and habitat==
Palms in this genus are found in the mountainous and [[montane]] [[rain forest]] regions of [[Panama]], [[Ecuador]], [[Brazil]], [[Peru]], [[Bolivia]], [[Guyana]] and [[Venezuela]] from low elevations up to 1800 m. They often colonize in large, conspicuous groves, on steep slopes, receiving generous rain fall, and growing in acidic, noncalcerous soil.
Palms in this genus are found in the mountainous and [[montane]] [[rain forest]] regions of [[Panama]], [[Ecuador]], [[Brazil]], [[Peru]], [[Bolivia]], [[Guyana]] and [[Venezuela]] from low elevations up to 1800 m. They often colonize in large, conspicuous groves, on steep slopes, receiving generous rain fall, and growing in acidic, noncalcareous soil.


==Cultivation and uses==
==Cultivation and uses==
The growing conditions of these plants are usually hard to mimic, making them relatively uncommon in cultivation. They require a frost-free climate, humus-rich soil, and plenty of water. In their natural range the trunks are used by indigenous people in construction and cabinet-making, the leaves are woven into thatched goods, while the fruit is eaten and made into [[wine]] or jelly.<ref name=Romero>Romero Casteñeda, R. (1969) ''Fruitas Silvestres de Colombia'' Vol II. Bogota: Editorial Andes</ref> The [[Embera-Wounaan|Emberá]] Indians use the hard, durable trunks in the construction of [[coffin]]s.<ref name=Henderson>Henderson, A., Galeano, G., and Bernal, R.(1997) "Field Guide to the Palms of the Americas" Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press. ISBN-10: 0691016003 / ISBN-13: 978-0691016009</ref>
Their growing conditions are usually hard to mimic, making them relatively uncommon in cultivation. They require a frost-free climate, humus-rich soil, and plenty of water. In their natural range the trunks are used by indigenous people in construction and cabinet-making, the leaves are woven into thatched goods, while the fruit is eaten and made into [[palm wine]] or jelly.<ref name=Romero>Romero Casteñeda, R. (1969) ''Fruitas Silvestres de Colombia'' Vol II. Bogota: Editorial Andes</ref> The [[Embera-Wounaan|Emberá]] Indians use the hard, durable trunks in the construction of [[coffin]]s.<ref name=Henderson>Henderson, A., Galeano, G., and Bernal, R.(1997) "Field Guide to the Palms of the Americas" Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press. {{ISBN|0-691-01600-3}} / {{ISBN|978-0-691-01600-9}}</ref>


==References==
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Reflist}}


==External links==
==External links==
*[http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/genus.pl?3648 Dictyocaryum on NPGS/GRIN]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20110605130806/http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/genus.pl?3648 Dictyocaryum on NPGS/GRIN]
*[http://data.gbif.org/species/14721748 GBIF Portal]
* [http://data.gbif.org/species/14721748 GBIF Portal]
*[http://palmguide.org/genus.php?family=ARECACEAE&genus=Dictyocaryum Fairchild Guide to Palms]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20110720212057/http://palmguide.org/genus.php?family=ARECACEAE&genus=Dictyocaryum Fairchild Guide to Palms]
*[http://www.pacsoa.org.au/palms/Dictyocaryum/index.html PACSOA]
* [http://www.pacsoa.org.au/palms/Dictyocaryum/index.html PACSOA]
*[http://www.diversityoflife.org/cgi-bin/dol/dol_terminal.pl?taxon_name=Dictyocaryum&rank=genus Images at Diversity of Life.org]
* [http://www.diversityoflife.org/cgi-bin/dol/dol_terminal.pl?taxon_name=Dictyocaryum&rank=genus Images at Diversity of Life.org]

{{Arecaceae genera}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q2712678}}


[[Category:Palms]]
[[Category:Iriarteeae]]
[[Category:Arecaceae genera]]

Latest revision as of 18:52, 12 November 2023

Dictyocaryum
Dictyocaryum lamarckianum
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Monocots
Clade: Commelinids
Order: Arecales
Family: Arecaceae
Subfamily: Arecoideae
Tribe: Iriarteeae
Genus: Dictyocaryum
H. Wendl.[1]
Species

Dictyocaryum is a monoecious genus of flowering plant in the palm family found in South America. It is closely related to the genus Iriartea; they are commonly called araque or palma real. As many as eleven species have been described but this number is reduced to three in most current accounts. The genus name translates from two Greek words meaning "net" and "nut", describing the thick network of raphe fibers around the seed.[2]

Description[edit]

Dictocaryum palms are usually solitary in nature though D. ptarianum will occasionally cluster in habitat. All three plants have conical masses of stilt roots at the base which are armed with spines. These stilt roots, in the case of D. fuscum, can be up to four inches (ten centimeters) thick.[3] The trunks are conspicuously ringed by leaf scars, to 30 cm wide, and in D. lamarckianum reach over 20 m in height. All have tall crownshafts and 4-6 large, plumose, pinnate leaves. The leaves may be sparsely to densely tomentose on the rachis and petiole, the leaflets are regularly and widely spaced, up to 60 cm long, dark green on top and glaucous on the underside.

Compared to other palms, the inflorescences in this genus are unusually large, once-branched, and emerge below the leaf crown. Both male and female flowers are white to yellow, growing on the same plant, both with three sepals and three petals. The fruit develops from one carpel, yellow to orange to brown when ripe, containing one basally attached, spherical seed.[4]

Distribution and habitat[edit]

Palms in this genus are found in the mountainous and montane rain forest regions of Panama, Ecuador, Brazil, Peru, Bolivia, Guyana and Venezuela from low elevations up to 1800 m. They often colonize in large, conspicuous groves, on steep slopes, receiving generous rain fall, and growing in acidic, noncalcareous soil.

Cultivation and uses[edit]

Their growing conditions are usually hard to mimic, making them relatively uncommon in cultivation. They require a frost-free climate, humus-rich soil, and plenty of water. In their natural range the trunks are used by indigenous people in construction and cabinet-making, the leaves are woven into thatched goods, while the fruit is eaten and made into palm wine or jelly.[5] The Emberá Indians use the hard, durable trunks in the construction of coffins.[6]

References[edit]

  1. ^ H.A. Wendland, Bonplandia 8:106. 1860
  2. ^ Riffle, Robert L. and Craft, Paul (2003) An Encyclopedia of Cultivated Palms. Portland: Timber Press. ISBN 0-88192-558-6 / ISBN 978-0-88192-558-6
  3. ^ Henderson, Andrew (May 2, 1990). "Arecaceae - Part 1". Flora Neotropica. 53: 54.
  4. ^ Uhl, Natalie W. and Dransfield, John (1987) Genera Palmarum - A classification of palms based on the work of Harold E. Moore. Lawrence, Kansas: Allen Press. ISBN 0-935868-30-5 / ISBN 978-0-935868-30-2
  5. ^ Romero Casteñeda, R. (1969) Fruitas Silvestres de Colombia Vol II. Bogota: Editorial Andes
  6. ^ Henderson, A., Galeano, G., and Bernal, R.(1997) "Field Guide to the Palms of the Americas" Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press. ISBN 0-691-01600-3 / ISBN 978-0-691-01600-9

External links[edit]

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dictyocaryum&oldid=1184803315"