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{{Short description|Family of spiders}}
{{Taxobox
{{Automatic taxobox
| regnum = [[Animal]]ia
| fossil_range = {{Fossil range|Palaeogene|present}}
| phylum = [[Arthropoda]]
| taxon = Pimoidae
| classis = [[Arachnida]]
| authority = Wunderlich, 1986
| ordo = [[Spider|Araneae]]
| diversity = [[#Genera|2 genera]], [[#Genera|85 species]]<ref name=HormKulkdaSDimi21/>
| subordo = [[Araneomorphae]]
| superfamilia = [[Araneoidea]]
| familia = '''Pimoidae'''
| familia_authority = Wunderlich, 1986
| diversity_link = List of Pimoidae species
| diversity = 3 genera, 25 species
| range_map = Distribution.pimoidae.1.png
| range_map_width = 250px
| subdivision_ranks = Genera
| subdivision =
see text
}}
}}


'''Pimoidae''' is a small family of [[Araneomorphae|araneomorph]] [[spider]]s first described by J. Wunderlich in 1986.<ref>{{cite book| last=Wunderlich| first=J.| year=1986| title=Spinnenfauna gestern und heute: Fossile Spinnen in Bernstein und ihre heute lebenden Verwandten}}</ref> As [[Circumscription (taxonomy)|re-circumscribed]] in 2021, it is [[Monophyly|monophyletic]],<ref name=HormKulkdaSDimi21/> and contained 85 species in two genera.<ref name=WSC_stats/> It is closely related to the [[Linyphiidae]],<ref name=HormKulkdaSDimi21/><ref name=Horm1994>{{cite journal| last=Hormiga| first=Gustavo| year=1994| title=A Revision and Cladistic Analysis of the Spider Family Pimoidae (Araneoidea: Araneae)| journal=Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology| volume=549| pages=533–542}}</ref> and is sometimes treated as synonymous with that family.<ref>{{cite book | last1=Murphy| first1=J. A.| last2=Roberts| first2=M. J.| year=2015| title=Spider families of the world and their spinnerets| publisher=British Arachnological Society |isbn=978-0950009377 }}</ref>
The '''Pimoidae''' [[spider]] family is a rather small group of 25 species in three genera. They are monophyletic, and probably closest related to the [[Linyphiidae]].<ref>Hormiga 1994</ref>

The species ''[[Pimoa cthulhu]]'', described by Gustavo Hormiga in 1994, is named for [[H. P. Lovecraft|Howard Phillips Lovecraft's]] mythological deity [[Cthulhu]].<ref name=Horm1994 />


==Distribution==
==Distribution==
The ancestors of the family are thought to have been widely distributed across the [[Palearctic]], [[Nearctic]] and Sino-Japanese regions, but species now have a more fragmented distribution.<ref name=HormKulkdaSDimi21/>
The Pimoidae form a relictual group along the western coast of North America, Europe ([[Alps]], [[Apennine Mountains|Apennines]] and [[Cantabrian Mountains]] of northern [[Spain]]) and the [[Himalayas]]. This makes a [[holarctic]] predecessor probable. In [[2003]], a species was found in [[Japan]]. The species ''[[Pimoa cthulhu]]'', described by Gustavo Hormiga in 1994, is named for [[H. P. Lovecraft|Howard Phillips Lovecraft's]] mythological deity [[Cthulhu]].<ref>Hormiga 1994</ref>

==Genera and species==
{{Anchor|Species}}<!--redirect here-->
{{as of|2022|04}}, the [[World Spider Catalog]] accepted the following genera and species:<ref name=NMBE>{{cite web| title=Family: Pimoidae Wunderlich, 1986| website=World Spider Catalog| access-date=2022-04-22| publisher=Natural History Museum Bern| url=http://www.wsc.nmbe.ch/family/78}}</ref>


==Genera==
*''[[Nanoa]]'' <small>Hormiga, Buckle & Scharff, 2005</small>
*''[[Nanoa]]'' <small>Hormiga, Buckle & Scharff, 2005</small>
:* ''[[Nanoa enana]]'' <small>Hormiga, Buckle & Scharff, 2005</small> — USA
**''[[Nanoa enana]]'' <small>Hormiga, Buckle & Scharff, 2005</small> — USA
*''[[Pimoa]]'' <small>Chamberlin & Ivie, 1943</small> — North America, Asia, Europe

* ''[[Pimoa]]'' <small>Chamberlin & Ivie, 1943</small> — North America, Asia, Europe (22 species)
**''[[Pimoa altioculata]]'' <small>(Keyserling, 1886)</small> – USA, Canada
**''[[Pimoa anatolica]]'' <small>Hormiga, 1994</small> – China

*''[[Weintrauboa]]'' <small>Hormiga, 2003</small>
**''[[Pimoa anning]]'' <small>Zhang & Li, 2021</small> – China
:* ''[[Weintrauboa chikunii]]'' <small>(Oi, 1979)</small> — Russia, Japan
**''[[Pimoa binchuanensis]]'' <small>Zhang & Li, 2019</small> – China
:* ''[[Weintrauboa contortipes]]'' <small>(Karsch, 1881)</small> — Russia, Japan
**''[[Pimoa bomi]]'' <small>Zhang & Li, 2021</small> – China
**''[[Pimoa breuili]]'' <small>(Fage, 1931)</small> – Spain

**''[[Pimoa breviata]]'' <small>Chamberlin & Ivie, 1943</small> – USA
==See also==
**''[[Pimoa cawarong]]'' <small>Zhang & Li, 2021</small> – China
* [[List of Pimoidae species]]
**''[[Pimoa clavata]]'' <small>Xu & Li, 2007</small> – China
* [[Spider families]]
**''[[Pimoa cona]]'' <small>Zhang & Li, 2020</small> – China

**''[[Pimoa crispa]]'' <small>(Fage, 1946)</small> – India
==Footnotes==
**''[[Pimoa cthulhu]]'' <small>Hormiga, 1994</small> – USA
{{reflist}}
**''[[Pimoa curvata]]'' <small>Chamberlin & Ivie, 1943</small> – USA
**''[[Pimoa daman]]'' <small>Zhang & Li, 2021</small> – Nepal
**''[[Pimoa danba]]'' <small>Zhang & Li, 2021</small> – China
**''[[Pimoa delphinica]]'' <small>Mammola, Hormiga & Isaia, 2016</small> – Italy
**''[[Pimoa deqen]]'' <small>Zhang & Li, 2021</small> – China
**''[[Pimoa dongjiu]]'' <small>Zhang & Li, 2021</small> – China
**''[[Pimoa duiba]]'' <small>Zhang & Li, 2020</small> – China
**''[[Pimoa edenticulata]]'' <small>Hormiga, 1994</small> – USA
**''[[Pimoa exigua]]'' <small>Irfan, Wang & Zhang, 2021</small> – China
**''[[Pimoa gagna]]'' <small>Zhang & Li, 2021</small> – India
**''[[Pimoa gandhii]]'' <small>Hormiga, 1994</small> – India
**''[[Pimoa graphitica]]'' <small>Mammola, Hormiga & Isaia, 2016</small> – Italy, France
**''[[Pimoa guiqing]]'' <small>Zhang & Li, 2021</small> – China
**''[[Pimoa gyaca]]'' <small>Zhang & Li, 2021</small> – China
**''[[Pimoa gyara]]'' <small>Zhang & Li, 2021</small> – China
**''[[Pimoa gyirong]]'' <small>Zhang & Li, 2021</small> – China
**''[[Pimoa haden]]'' <small>Chamberlin & Ivie, 1943</small> – USA
**''[[Pimoa heishui]]'' <small>Zhang & Li, 2021</small> – China
**''[[Pimoa hespera]]'' <small>(Gertsch & Ivie, 1936)</small> ([[type species]]) – USA
**''[[Pimoa indiscreta]]'' <small>Hormiga, 1994</small> – India
**''[[Pimoa jellisoni]]'' <small>(Gertsch & Ivie, 1936)</small> – USA
**''[[Pimoa jinchuan]]'' <small>Zhang & Li, 2021</small> – China
**''[[Pimoa khaptad]]'' <small>Zhang & Li, 2021</small> – Nepal
**''[[Pimoa koshi]]'' <small>Zhang & Li, 2021</small> – Nepal
**''[[Pimoa lata]]'' <small>Xu & Li, 2009</small> – China
**''[[Pimoa laurae]]'' <small>Hormiga, 1994</small> – USA
**''[[Pimoa lemenba]]'' <small>Zhang & Li, 2020</small> – China
**''[[Pimoa lhatog]]'' <small>Zhang & Li, 2021</small> – China
**''[[Pimoa lihengae]]'' <small>Griswold, Long & Hormiga, 1999</small> – China
**''[[Pimoa mainling]]'' <small>Zhang & Li, 2020</small> – China
**''[[Pimoa mechi]]'' <small>Zhang & Li, 2021</small> – Nepal
**''[[Pimoa mephitis]]'' <small>Hormiga, 1994</small> – USA
**''[[Pimoa miandam]]'' <small>Zhang & Li, 2021</small> – Pakistan
**''[[Pimoa miero]]'' <small>Zhang & Li, 2021</small> – China
**''[[Pimoa mono]]'' <small>Hormiga, 1994</small> – USA
**''[[Pimoa mude]]'' <small>Zhang & Li, 2021</small> – Nepal
**''[[Pimoa muli]]'' <small>Zhang & Li, 2021</small> – China
**''[[Pimoa nainital]]'' <small>Zhang & Li, 2021</small> – India
**''[[Pimoa naran]]'' <small>Zhang & Li, 2021</small> – Pakistan
**''[[Pimoa nematoides]]'' <small>Hormiga, 1994</small> – Nepal
**''[[Pimoa ninglang]]'' <small>Zhang & Li, 2021</small> – China
**''[[Pimoa nyalam]]'' <small>Zhang & Li, 2021</small> – China
**''[[Pimoa nyingchi]]'' <small>Zhang & Li, 2020</small> – China
**''[[Pimoa petita]]'' <small>Hormiga, 1994</small> – USA
**''[[Pimoa phaplu]]'' <small>Zhang & Li, 2021</small> – Nepal
**''[[Pimoa pingwuensis]]'' <small>Irfan, Wang, Zhao & Zhang, 2022</small> – China
**''[[Pimoa putou]]'' <small>Zhang & Li, 2021</small> – China
**''[[Pimoa rara]]'' <small>Zhang & Li, 2021</small> – Nepal
**''[[Pimoa reniformis]]'' <small>Xu & Li, 2007</small> – China
**''[[Pimoa rongxar]]'' <small>Zhang & Li, 2020</small> – China
**''[[Pimoa rupicola]]'' <small>(Simon, 1884)</small> – France, Italy
**''[[Pimoa samyai]]'' <small>Zhang & Li, 2020</small> – China
**''[[Pimoa sangri]]'' <small>Zhang & Li, 2021</small> – China
**''[[Pimoa shigatse]]'' <small>Zhang & Li, 2021</small> – China
**''[[Pimoa shoja]]'' <small>Zhang & Li, 2021</small> – India
**''[[Pimoa sinuosa]]'' <small>Hormiga, 1994</small> – Nepal
**''[[Pimoa tehama]]'' <small>Hormiga & Lew, 2014</small> – USA
**''[[Pimoa tengchong]]'' <small>Zhang & Li, 2021</small> – China
**''[[Pimoa thaleri]]'' <small>Trotta, 2009</small> – India
**''[[Pimoa trifurcata]]'' <small>Xu & Li, 2007</small> – China
**''[[Pimoa vera]]'' <small>Gertsch, 1951</small> – USA
**''[[Pimoa wanglangensis]]'' <small>Yuan, Zhao & Zhang, 2019</small> – China
**''[[Pimoa wulipoensis]]'' <small>Irfan, Wang & Zhang, 2021</small> – China
**''[[Pimoa xiahe]]'' <small>Zhang & Li, 2021</small> – China
**''[[Pimoa xinjianensis]]'' <small>Zhang & Li, 2019</small> – China
**''[[Pimoa yadong]]'' <small>Zhang & Li, 2020</small> – China
**''[[Pimoa yajiangensis]]'' <small>Irfan, Wang, Zhao & Zhang, 2022</small> – China
**''[[Pimoa yejiei]]'' <small>Zhang & Li, 2021</small> – China
**''[[Pimoa yele]]'' <small>Zhang & Li, 2021</small> – China
**''[[Pimoa zayu]]'' <small>Zhang & Li, 2021</small> – China
**''[[Pimoa zekogensis]]'' <small>Irfan, Wang, Zhao & Zhang, 2022</small> – China
**''[[Pimoa zhigangi]]'' <small>Zhang & Li, 2021</small> – China


==References==
==References==
{{Reflist|refs=
* {{aut|Hormiga, Gustavo}} (1994): A Revision and Cladistic Analysis of the Spider Family Pimoidae (Araneoidea: Araneae). ''Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology'' '''549'''.
<ref name=HormKulkdaSDimi21>{{Cite journal |last1=Hormiga |first1=Gustavo |last2=Kulkarni |first2=Siddharth |last3=da Silva Moreira |first3=Thiago |last4=Dimitrov |first4=Dimitar |date=2021 |title=Molecular phylogeny of pimoid spiders and the limits of Linyphiidae, with a reassessment of male palpal homologies (Araneae, Pimoidae) |journal=Zootaxa |volume=5026 |issue=1 |pages=71–101 |doi=10.11646/zootaxa.5026.1.3 |pmid=34810940 |s2cid=238681925 |name-list-style=amp }}</ref>
* {{aut|Hormiga, Gustavo}} (2003): ''Weintrauboa'', a new genus of pimoid spiders from Japan and adjacent islands, with comments on the monophyly and diagnosis of the family Pimoidae and the genus ''Pimoa'' (Araneoidea, Araneae). ''Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society'' '''139''': 261-281. [http://www.gwu.edu/~spiders/content/publications/Hormiga%20ZJLS%202003.pdf PDF]
* {{aut|Platnick, Norman I.}} (2007): [http://research.amnh.org/entomology/spiders/catalog/index.html The world spider catalog], version 8.0. ''American Museum of Natural History''.


<ref name=WSC_stats>{{cite web |title=Currently valid spider genera and species |work=World Spider Catalog |publisher=Natural History Museum Bern |url=https://www.wsc.nmbe.ch/statistics/ |access-date=2022-04-23 }}</ref>
==Resource Links==
}}
* [http://tolweb.org/Pimoidae Pimoidae] : Pimoidae page on Tree of Life Web Project.

{{wikispecies|Pimoidae}}


{{Araneae}}
{{Araneae}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q11000}}
{{Authority control}}


[[Category:Pimoidae|*]]
[[Category:Pimoidae| ]]
[[Category:Araneomorphae families]]


{{spider-stub}}


{{Araneomorphae-stub}}
[[ca:Pimoid]]
[[fr:Pimoidae]]
[[it:Pimoidae]]
[[nl:Pimoidae]]
[[no:Pimoidae]]
[[ru:Пимовые пауки]]

Latest revision as of 20:20, 15 October 2023

Pimoidae
Temporal range: Palaeogene–present
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Chelicerata
Class: Arachnida
Order: Araneae
Infraorder: Araneomorphae
Family: Pimoidae
Wunderlich, 1986
Diversity
2 genera, 85 species[1]

Pimoidae is a small family of araneomorph spiders first described by J. Wunderlich in 1986.[2] As re-circumscribed in 2021, it is monophyletic,[1] and contained 85 species in two genera.[3] It is closely related to the Linyphiidae,[1][4] and is sometimes treated as synonymous with that family.[5]

The species Pimoa cthulhu, described by Gustavo Hormiga in 1994, is named for Howard Phillips Lovecraft's mythological deity Cthulhu.[4]

Distribution[edit]

The ancestors of the family are thought to have been widely distributed across the Palearctic, Nearctic and Sino-Japanese regions, but species now have a more fragmented distribution.[1]

Genera and species[edit]

As of April 2022, the World Spider Catalog accepted the following genera and species:[6]

References[edit]

  1. ^ a b c d Hormiga, Gustavo; Kulkarni, Siddharth; da Silva Moreira, Thiago & Dimitrov, Dimitar (2021). "Molecular phylogeny of pimoid spiders and the limits of Linyphiidae, with a reassessment of male palpal homologies (Araneae, Pimoidae)". Zootaxa. 5026 (1): 71–101. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.5026.1.3. PMID 34810940. S2CID 238681925.
  2. ^ Wunderlich, J. (1986). Spinnenfauna gestern und heute: Fossile Spinnen in Bernstein und ihre heute lebenden Verwandten.
  3. ^ "Currently valid spider genera and species". World Spider Catalog. Natural History Museum Bern. Retrieved 2022-04-23.
  4. ^ a b Hormiga, Gustavo (1994). "A Revision and Cladistic Analysis of the Spider Family Pimoidae (Araneoidea: Araneae)". Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology. 549: 533–542.
  5. ^ Murphy, J. A.; Roberts, M. J. (2015). Spider families of the world and their spinnerets. British Arachnological Society. ISBN 978-0950009377.
  6. ^ "Family: Pimoidae Wunderlich, 1986". World Spider Catalog. Natural History Museum Bern. Retrieved 2022-04-22.


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