List of Austrian ambassadors in the United States
The list of Austrian ambassadors to the United States includes the diplomatic representatives of Austria who have held the office of Austrian representative in the United States from 1865 to the present day . From 1868 until the United States declared war in 1917, these were envoys of the Austro-Hungarian monarchy who were subordinate to the Austro-Hungarian Minister of the Imperial and Royal House and Foreign Affairs , who was also chairman of the joint Council of Ministers.
Historical development
1837 sent US President Martin Van Buren Nathaniel Niles Jr. (* December 27, 1791 in Fairlee Vermont , † November 16, 1869 in New York City ), son of Nathaniel Miles , an exponent of the early history of the United States , according to Vienna to to remove obstacles to the importation of American tobacco into the Austrian Empire in the case of State Chancellor Klemens Wenzel Lothar von Metternich, who was in office under Emperor Ferdinand I. This may have been the first diplomatic contact between the United States and Austria.
In the course of the modernization of the state in the 1860s, the Austrian and Austro-Hungarian Empire began to send permanent envoys to the United States. After November 11, 1918, it was no longer a matter of representatives of the emperor, but of the republican state of German Austria and the Republic of Austria, who were now designated as ambassadors. On March 13, 1938, the Austrian representation in Washington DC was closed because of the annexation to Nazi Germany and only reopened after the Second World War or one and a half years after the reestablishment of the Republic of Austria.
The fact that diplomatic relations were only resumed in November 1946 reflects the fact that the United States, as the occupying power in Austria , had had a high-ranking presence in Vienna since September 1, 1945, and that the four occupying powers regarded themselves as the supreme power in Austria. It was not until the summer of 1946 that the Figl I federal government was given more political leeway.
list
1838: Establishment of diplomatic relations
Appointed | Accredited | Surname | Life dates / remarks | Appointed by the Kaiser (on the proposal of the Foreign Minister) or by the Federal President (on the proposal of the Federal Government) | accredited by US President | Leave post |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1838 | Oct 13, 1838 | Wenceslaus from Mareschall | 1785-1851 | 1841 | ||
1841 | June 18, 1841 | Johann von Hülsemann |
Charge d'Affaires , from December 5, 1855: kk Messenger |
1868 | ||
1863 | May 11, 1863 | Nicholas of Giorgi | ? -1864 | Nov 8, 1864 | ||
1865 | Jan. 25, 1865 | Ferdinand von Wydenbruck | 1816-1878 |
Franz Joseph I ( Austrian Empire ), Anton von Schmerling |
Andrew Johnson | Aug 11, 1867 |
1867 | Karl von and zu Franckenstein | Chargé d'affaires | 1868 | |||
1868 | July 3, 1868 | Carl Ramon Soter von Lederer |
1817-1890; |
Franz Joseph I., Friedrich Ferdinand von Beust |
Andrew Johnson | March 12, 1874 |
1874 | March 12, 1874 | Wilhelm von Schwarz-Senborn | 1816-1903 | Franz Joseph I., Gyula Andrássy | Ulysses S. Grant | March 8, 1875 |
1875 | June 23, 1875 | Ladislaus von Hoyos-Sprinzenstein | 1834-1901; 1883–1894 Austro-Hungarian ambassador to Paris |
Franz Joseph I., Gyula Andrássy | Ulysses S. Grant | 28 Aug 1878 |
1878 | December 25, 1878 | Ernst von Mayr | Franz Joseph I., Gyula Andrássy | Rutherford B. Hayes | Oct. 30, 1881 | |
1881 | Oct. 30, 1881 | Ignaz von Schäffer | Franz Joseph I., Heinrich Karl von Haymerle | James A. Garfield | Oct 9, 1886 | |
1887 | Feb. 21, 1887 | Ernst Schmit from Tavera | 1839-1904 | Franz Joseph I., Gustav Kálnoky | Grover Cleveland | Oct 11, 1894 |
1894 | Oct 11, 1894 | Ladislaus Hengelmüller von Hengervár | 1845-1917 | Franz Joseph I., Gustav Kálnoky | Grover Cleveland | Jan. 7, 1913 |
1913 | March 4, 1913 | Constantine Dumba | 1856-1947 | Franz Joseph I., Leopold Berchtold | Woodrow Wilson | Nov 4, 1915 |
1916 | Nov 9, 1916 | Adam Tarnówski from Tarnów | 1866-1946 | Franz Joseph I., Stephan Burián von Rajecz | Woodrow Wilson | April 8, 1917 because the United States declared war on the German Reich on April 6, 1917; the declaration of war on Austria-Hungary did not take place until December 7, 1917 |
Dec. 2, 1921 | Edgar Leo Gustav Prochnik | Chargé d'affaires, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary from May 7, 1925 | Michael Hainisch , Schober I. | Warren G. Harding | March 13, 1938 due to the closure of the Austrian representation due to the “Anschluss” with the German Reich | |
Nov 26, 1946 | Dec. 4, 1946 | Ludwig Kleinwächter | Chargé d'affaires, promoted to ambassador on Dec. 6, 1951 and accredited on Dec. 19, 1951 | Karl Renner , Figl I. | Harry S. Truman | |
Feb 5, 1952 | Feb 13, 1952 | Max Loewenthal-Chlumecky | 1908-1995 | Theodor Körner , Figl II | Harry S. Truman | |
March 3, 1954 | March 10, 1954 | Karl Gruber | 1909-1995 | Theodor Körner , Raab I | Dwight D. Eisenhower | |
Apr 9, 1958 | Apr 18, 1958 | Wilfried Platzer | 1909-1981 | Adolf Schärf , Raab II | Dwight D. Eisenhower | |
Oct 12, 1965 | Nov 16, 1965 | Ernst Lemberger | 1906-1974 | Franz Jonas , Klaus I | Lyndon B. Johnson | |
June 18, 1969 | 1st July 1969 | Karl Gruber | 1909-1995 | Franz Jonas , Klaus II | Richard Nixon | |
Sep 1 1972 | Sep 7 1972 | Arno Halusa | 1911-1979 | Franz Jonas , Kreisky II | Richard Nixon | |
March 2nd 1977 | March 23, 1977 | Karl Herbert Schober | 1916-2000 | Rudolf Kirchschläger , Kreisky III | Jimmy Carter | |
Jan. 8, 1982 | Jan. 13, 1982 | Thomas Klestil | 1932-2004 | Rudolf Kirchschläger , Kreisky IV | Ronald Reagan | |
Nov 30, 1987 | Dec 21, 1987 | Friedrich Hoess | 1932-2007 | Kurt Waldheim , Vranitzky II | Ronald Reagan | |
Feb. 4, 1993 | Apr 14, 1993 | Helmut Turk | * 1941 | Thomas Klestil , Vranitzky III | Bill Clinton | |
Apr 19, 1999 | Apr 19, 1999 | Peter Moser | * 1941 | Thomas Klestil , Viktor Klima | Bill Clinton | |
Oct 22, 2003 | Dec. 4, 2003 | Eva Nowotny | * 1944 | Thomas Klestil , Bowl II | George W. Bush | |
May 26, 2009 | July 20, 2009 | Christian Prosl | * 1946 | Heinz Fischer , Faymann I | Barack Obama | |
Dec 1, 2012 | Jan. 18, 2012 | Hans Peter Manz | * 1955 | Heinz Fischer , Faymann I | Barack Obama | |
Dec 1, 2015 | Jan. 11, 2016 | Wolfgang Waldner | * 1954 | Heinz Fischer , Faymann II | Barack Obama | |
23 Jan 2019 | Nov 7, 2019 | Martin Weiss | * 1962 | Alexander Van der Bellen , Brief I. | Donald Trump |
Source:
See also
- List of Austria's permanent representatives at the United Nations in New York
- List of Austrian ambassadors
literature
- Erwin Matsch: Vienna-Washington: a journal of diplomatic relations, 1838–1917 . Böhlau Verlag, Vienna 1990 ( books.google.de ).
Web links
- www.austria.org - Austrian Embassy in Washington, DC
Individual evidence
- ↑ Peter Bridges, Pen of fire: John Moncure Daniel . 2002, p. 81. Andrew Johnson, Paul H. Bergeron: The papers of Andrew Johnson: September 1867 - March 1868 . 1997, p. 8
- ^ Former Ambassadors to the US In: Austrian Embassy Washington. Retrieved July 3, 2020 (American English).