Švarcava
| Švarcava | |||||
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| Basic data | |||||
| State : |
 Czech Republic
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| Region : | Plzeňský kraj | ||||
| District : | Domažlice | ||||
| Municipality : | Rybník nad Radbuzou | ||||
| Area : | 691.5315 ha | ||||
| Geographic location : | 49 ° 30 ' N , 12 ° 39' E | ||||
| Height: | 570 m nm | ||||
| Residents : | |||||
| Postal code : | 345 25 | ||||
Švarcava (German Schwarzach , popularly Bohemian Schwarzach ) is a desert in the area of the municipality of Rybník nad Radbuzou in Okres Domažlice in West Bohemia in the Czech Republic . The extinct village forms a basic settlement unit and a cadastral district of the Rybník municipality.
Geographical location
The village of Schwarzach lay in a depression south of the Reichenstein, east and west of the Bavarian Schwarzach ( Černý potok ) , which forms the border between Bohemia and Bavaria here . The part of the village east of the river Schwarzach, which belonged to Bohemia, was popularly called Bohemian Schwarzach. The western part, belonging to Bavaria, still exists today under the name Schwarzach . Until 1945 this part was called Bayerisch-Schwarzach.
The valley near Schwarzach interrupts the 700 meter high mountain range of the Bohemian Forest, which, according to its geological structure, belongs to the primeval mountains . Granulite , a type of gneiss, occurs near Schwarzach .
history
17th to 19th century
Böhmisch Schwarzach was drawn in 1626 on a map of Schönsee and the surrounding area as a Bohemian toll and toll house.
Bavarian Schwarzach, on the other hand, was first mentioned in a document as early as 1410.
Böhmisch Schwarzach together with Unterhütten, Oberhütten and Paadorf formed a community that belonged to the royal border forest and was handed over to the Tauser Choden for guarding. In 1623 this area was sold to Baron von Lamingen . Johann von Wiedersperg bought the area around Schwarzach for 3530 shock 42 Meissen groschen.
The road from Muttersdorf via Schwarzach to Schönsee has existed since the early Middle Ages . It led from Nuremberg via Amberg , Nabburg , Schönsee , Muttersdorf to Bischofteinitz . In Bohemian Schwarzach the respective rulers could collect the toll.
An inn was built in Böhmisch Schwarzach between 1644 and 1652. In 1708 Hanuss Schwab was the owner of the inn and the imperial border slip collector. Böhmisch Schwarzach had 31 inhabitants in 1722 and 13 owners in 1788. In 1825 a border customs office was set up in Böhmisch Schwarzach. In 1837 Schwarzach , also called Bohemian Schwarzach , consisted of 15 houses with 134 inhabitants. There was a kk auxiliary customs office in the village.
After the abolition of patrimonial , Schwarzach formed from 1850 with the districts Paadorf, Oberhütte and Unterhütte a municipality in the judicial district of Ronsperg in the Klattau district. From 1868 the community belonged to the Bischofteinitz district .
An essential source of income in Böhmisch Schwarzach was the manufacture of bobbin lace , which has been carried out by women and men in the area around Schwarzach since the middle of the 19th century. The Wartha company in Böhmisch Schwarzach took care of the organization of the work and the distribution of the lace. In the period after the First World War she employed 1500 - 1800 home lace makers.
20th century to the present
In 1913 there were 16 houses and 135 inhabitants in Böhmisch Schwarzach, in 1921 124 inhabitants, in 1930 19 houses, 47 Germans and 18 Czechs. The municipality of Schwarzach with the districts of Paadorf (including Hansadl), Oberhütte and Unterhütte (including Dianahof ) had a total of 895 inhabitants in 1930, with Schwarzach, which gives it its name, being by far the smallest of the four districts.
On September 28, 1938, a Sudeten German Freikorps unit tried to occupy the financial guard in Böhmisch Schwarzach. The Czechoslovak State Defense Guard Cooperative (SOS) repulsed the attack. The Czech or Czechoslovak tax officer Josef Oczko was wounded, dragged across the border to Germany and beaten to death there. The next day a German pastor brought Oczko's body back to Böhmisch Schwarzach. A memorial stone for Josef Oczko stands in the forest a few meters from the intersection of the roads to Rybnik and Diana . It bears the inscription: Zde padl za vlast dne 9/28/1938 Josef Oczko dozorce fin. stráže. (German: Josef Oczko, the guard's financial officer, fell here on September 28, 1938. ) After the Munich Agreement , Schwarzach was added to the German Reich and until 1945 belonged to the Bischofteinitz district . In 1939, 812 people lived in the community of Schwarzach. In April 1945 the village, like the entire area around Waier, was shelled by American artillery because a Wehrmacht unit had holed up here; several houses were destroyed and some residents were killed. After the end of the Second World War, Švarcava returned to Czechoslovakia, and the Czechoslovak customs authority at the border was re-established in 1945. In 1946 the German population was expelled from Švarcava and in the 1950s the houses of the place were destroyed.
Today (2014) there is a pedestrian border crossing in the former Bohemian Schwarzach, which is (not quite legally) also used by cars that drive directly from Bayerisch Schwarzach to Rybník nad Radbuzou on the road that is actually closed to car traffic, and so the long detours Avoid via Tillyschanz or Höll. At this border crossing there are several information boards about nature, hiking trails and the sad fate of the surrounding, partly no longer existing towns and their inhabitants.
From Böhmisch Schwarzach, especially in spring and autumn, when the vegetation is low, some remains of the wall are still visible.
See also
literature
- Franz Liebl u. a. (Ed.): Our home district Bischofteinitz with the German settlements in the district of Taus. Furth in the forest 1967.
- Zdeněk Procházka : On the trail of the disappeared villages of the Bohemian Forest - Tauser part. Translation into German: A. Vondrušová, Nakladatelství Ceského lesa Domažlice publishing house.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ http://www.uir.cz/katastralni-uzemi/743933/Svarcava
- ^ Josef Bernklau, Wilhelm Kurt: Geological structure. In: Franz Liebl, Heimatkreis Bischofteinitz (Hrsg.): Our Heimatkreis Bischofteinitz. Brönner & Daentler, Eichstätt 1967, p. 12.
- ↑ Teresa Guggenmoos: From the history of the Schönseer Land, in: Heribert Batzl: The district of Oberviechtach in past and present, p. 95.
- ^ Josef Bernklau, Johann Micko: Schwarzach. In: Franz Liebl, Heimatkreis Bischofteinitz (Hrsg.): Our Heimatkreis Bischofteinitz. Brönner & Daentler, Eichstätt 1967, pp. 270-271.
- ^ Elisabeth Müller-Luckner, Historical Atlas of Bavaria, part of Altbayern, issue 50, Nabburg, Munich 1981, ISBN 3-7696-9915-7 , p. 8
- ↑ Johann Gottfried Sommer : The Kingdom of Bohemia. Statistically and topographically presented , Vol. 7 Klattauer Kreis, 1839, p. 152
- ^ Josef Bernklau, Johann Micko: Schwarzach. In: Franz Liebl, Heimatkreis Bischofteinitz (Hrsg.): Our Heimatkreis Bischofteinitz. Brönner & Daentler KG, Eichstätt 1967, pp. 270-271.
- ↑ Z. Procházka: On the trail of the disappeared villages of the Bohemian Forest - Tauser part. Translation into German: A. Vondrušová, Nakladatelství Ceského lesa Domažlice publishing house.
- ^ A b Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. District Bischofteinitz. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
- ↑ a b Information board at Böhmisch Schwarzach
- ↑ R. Womes (ed.), Heimaterinnerungen between Hirschstein and Reichenstein , Schwarzach 1978, p. 45