9 × 19 mm
| 9 × 19 mm | |
|---|---|
|
|
| general information | |
| caliber | 9 × 19 mm 9 mm Luger |
| Sleeve shape | conical sleeve, rimless |
| Dimensions | |
| Sleeve shoulder ⌀ | 9.93 mm |
| Sleeve neck ⌀ | 9.65 mm |
| Floor ⌀ | 9.03 mm |
| Cartridge bottom ⌀ | 9.96 mm |
| Sleeve length | 19.15 mm |
| Cartridge length | 29.69 mm |
| Weights | |
| Bullet weight | 4.08-9.53 g |
| total weight | 11.0-12.65 g |
| Technical specifications | |
| Speed v 0 | 274-600 m / s |
| Max. Gas pressure | 2350 (CIP) bar |
| Bullet energy E 0 | 359-756 J. |
| Lists on the subject | |
The 9 × 19 mm cartridge , also known as the 9 mm Parabellum or 9 mm Luger , is one of the most widely used cartridges for self-loading pistols in the world . It is also used in submachine guns .
development
At the urging of the rifle examination commission , which demanded a larger caliber with increased target ballistic effect of the projectile for the parabellum pistol under test , the Austrian Georg Luger , weapons designer at the German weapons and ammunition factories (DWM), developed the cartridge 7,65 × 21 mm Luger , also called 7.65 Luger-Borchardt or Parabellum, the 9 mm Parabellum. He shortened the case of the 7.65 Luger from 21 mm to 19 mm and widened the case mouth for a 9 mm projectile.
Since the total length and diameter of the case base of the 9 mm cartridge are identical to the dimensions of the 7.65 mm Parabellum, the basic design of the Parabellum pistol could be retained except for the barrel and other components for the larger caliber.
Parabellum , derived from the Latin : Si vis pacem para bellum ("If you want peace, prepare for war"), was next to a trademark registered since 1900 as Parabellum Berlin also the telegram (short) address (" wire word ") of the Berlin DWM plant.
Introduced as pistol cartridge 08 , the cartridge was provided with a truncated cone - full metal jacket bullet weighing 124 grains or 8 grams.
The first production facilities were the DWM factory in Karlsruhe , the Royal Prussian Munitionsfabrik Spandau , the Bavarian main laboratory in Ingolstadt and the Royal Saxon Munitionsfabrik Dresden .
history
Since parts of their own troops viewed the truncated cone bullet as a dum-dum bullet and using it would therefore violate the Hague Land Warfare Regulations , the full jacket truncated cone bullet was replaced by a full jacket Ogival bullet in 1916. Tests showed that changing the shape had no effect on the performance of the bullet. From 1930, the newly developed ignition charge 30 was used instead of the ignition charge 88 previously used. This ignition, registered by RWS under the trademark Sinoxid in 1916, was no longer corrosive and no longer caused the barrels to burn out.
In 1938 steel sleeves were introduced in order to reduce the use of the “saving metal” brass. Due to the use of submachine guns ( MP 38 and later MP 40 ) an enormous consumption of pistol ammunition was predicted. The function of the 08 pistol with the steel sleeves was problematic , so that the brass sleeves still present had to be reserved for use with the 08. Another cost-saving measure was introduced from 1941: the 08 pistol cartridge with an iron core . Except for a small part - where the bullet has contact with the barrel - lead has been replaced by iron. The bullet weight was thereby reduced to approx. 6.1 g while the ballistic values remained more or less the same. Later in the Second World War which was pistol cartridge 08 SE used. This bullet was made of sintered iron (SE), a homogeneous structure of iron powder, which was produced under high temperature and pressure, but which increased barrel wear.
In 1982 the cartridge was standardized under the name 9 × 19 mm in NATO . In addition to the calibers 5.56 × 45 mm , 7.62 × 51 mm and 12.7 × 99 mm , which all come from the United States , the 9 × 19 mm is the only NATO cartridge that is available in Germany was developed. For the use of the cartridge by the police, the Interior Ministers ' Conference decided on June 11, 1999 to develop the technical guideline "Cartridge 9 mm × 19, pollutant-reduced" . Based on this guideline, 9 × 19 mm ammunition with deformation projectiles was subsequently developed for the police.
In 2004, led Bundeswehr under the program Future Soldier caliber 4.6 x 30 mm with the submachine gun MP7 A1 one to succeed the 9 mm Luger to compete. The cartridge 4.6 × 30 mm was developed in Germany by the handgun manufacturer Heckler & Koch .
In 2003, the Conference of National Armament Directors (CNAD), the highest NATO procurement body, decided that standardization of the successor caliber of 9 × 19 mm should be suspended until further notice, as the ballistic performance of the two calibers remaining in the competition, 4.6 × 30 mm by Heckler & Koch and 5.7 × 28 mm by FN Herstal from Belgium were classified as almost identical. This happened because Heckler & Koch had raised massive objections with regard to the previous NATO test procedure, which was carried out in 2001/2002 at the NATO test center in Bourges ( France ).
Loads
Today, in addition to the ogival standard bullet, there are a variety of different bullet materials, weights and shapes depending on the purpose. For example tracer , subsonic for use in connection with a silencer , hollow point or partial jacket . For the Russian armed forces and special forces that are introducing the Jarygin PJa as a new service weapon , a cartridge with a steel core and a stronger charge was developed that can penetrate ballistic protective vests .
Synonyms
- 9 mm
- 9 mm × 19
- 9 mm × 19 NATO
- 9 mm Luger
- 9 mm NATO
- 9 mm Para
- 9 mm parabellum
- Pistol cartridge 08 (Germany)
- Pistol cartridge 41 (Switzerland)
- Pistol cartridge 14 (Switzerland)
- 9 mm S-cartridge 08 (Austrian Armed Forces)
literature
- Joachim Görtz: The pistol 08 . Stocker-Schmid AG, Zurich 2000, ISBN 3-7276-7065-7
- Frank C. Barnes: Cartridges of the World 6th Edition . Editor Ken Warner, ISBN 0-87349-033-9
- Klaus-Peter König, Martin Hugo: 9 mm Parabellum weapon and cartridge . Motorbuch Verlag, ISBN 3-613-01211-1
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ CIP 9 mm Luger (PDF, 94 kB) ( Memento from September 30, 2017 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ NATO - STANAG 4090 - Small Arms Ammunition (9 mm Parabellum). Engineering360, accessed November 18, 2019 .
- ↑ NSDD - STANAG 4090 details. In: www.nato.int . Retrieved November 18, 2019 .
- ↑ History of the development of 9 mm deformation bullets for German police operations ( Memento from December 10, 2005 in the Internet Archive )