MP35
| MP35 | |
|---|---|
 |
|
| general information | |
| Country of operation: | German Empire , Denmark , China , Ethiopia , South America |
| Developer / Manufacturer: | Emil Bergmann / Schultz & Larsen, Carl Walther Sportwaffen , Junker and Ruh AG; German Empire, Denmark |
| Development year: | 1932 |
| Production time: | 1932 to 1945 |
| Weapon Category: | Submachine gun |
| Furnishing | |
| Overall length: | 830 (MP 34/1) / 840 (MP 35) mm |
| Weight: (unloaded) | 4.38 (MP 34/1) / 4.30 (MP 35) kg |
| Barrel length : | 250 (MP 34/1) / 260 (MP 35) mm |
| Technical specifications | |
| Caliber : | 9 × 19 mm , 9 mm Bergmann-Bayard , 7.63 × 25 mm , 7.65 mm Parabellum , 9 × 25 mm Mauser , .45 ACP |
| Possible magazine fillings : | 20/24/32 cartridges |
| Ammunition supply : | Bar magazine |
| Cadence : | 350 rounds / min |
| Fire types: | Single, continuous fire |
| Number of trains : | 6th |
| Twist : | right |
| Visor : | open sights |
| Closure : | unlocked ground lock |
| Charging principle: | closing blowback loader |
| Lists on the subject | |
The Bergmann MP 35 (also known as Bergmann MP 34 , MP 34/1 and MP 35/1) was a German submachine gun that was mainly used by German police formations and the Waffen SS during World War II . The submachine gun was produced in various versions from 1932 to 1945.
Development and use
Emil Bergmann (son of Theodor Bergmann ) developed the submachine gun in the early 1930s. During the development period there were two different models, the Bergmann machine gun 32 (BMP-32) and the Bergmann machine carbine 32 (BMK-32). The BMP-32 is essentially identical to the MP 34 model (not to be confused with the Steyr MP 34 ). The BMK-32 was a version with a longer barrel . By the mid-1930s, the submachine gun was slightly modified to the models MP 34/1, MP 35 (not to be confused with the Erma EMP 35 ) and MP 35/1. The variants differ only in minor differences. So there were always models with different barrel lengths and calibers and small design changes in the weapons produced later in order to reduce production costs.
The Versailles Treaty banned German companies from developing and producing submachine guns. In order to circumvent this ban, the production, as for example with the Steyr MP 34, was outsourced from Germany. In addition, the company lacked production capacities to manufacture the weapons in series . From 1932 the gun was manufactured under license by the Danish company Schultz & Larsen on behalf of Bergmann. The Bergmann submachine gun was officially introduced by the Danish armed forces in the Bergmann-Bayard caliber 9 mm. The Swedish military also bought some 9 mm Parabellum specimens, presumably for experimental purposes. Weapons for the 7.63 mm Mauser, 7.65 mm Parabellum, 9 mm Mauser Export and .45 ACP calibers were also manufactured. The Walther arms factory was the end of 1934 an order for the production of the Bergmann machine guns and began mass production. From 1935 the submachine guns were also manufactured in Karlsruhe by Junker und Ruh AG. Outside of Germany and Denmark, the Bergmann-MPi was mainly used in South America, China, Ethiopia and during the Spanish Civil War . Most of the weapons were used by the Waffen SS. By 1945 a total of around 40,000 pieces are said to have been produced.
construction
The Bergmann submachine gun is a closing recoil loader with an unlocked ground lock. For clamping the closure, the weapon has a striking bolt handle . Before the first shot, this must be pulled back upwards like a repeating rifle and then closed again. The bolt handle remains in the closed position while shooting. This construction method has some advantages and disadvantages: The big advantage is that the weapon, apart from the ejection window , has no openings and is therefore reliably protected against dirt from the outside. The disadvantages are the unconventional and comparatively cumbersome operation of the weapon and the high costs caused by the time-consuming production. The submachine guns have a manual safety lever on the left side of the housing that can block the trigger and slide. There is also a permanently installed firing pin safety. The firing pin is not firmly fixed to the bolt head, but is only when the shutter is fully closed, moved by a lever on the closure forward to the cartridge in the cartridge chamber to ignite. The ammunition is supplied by straight rod magazines with 20, 24 or 32 cartridges. The magazine well is attached to the right side of the weapon, which is unusual and allows the weapon to be easily distinguished from similar submachine guns. When shooting, a specific design of the trigger allows you to choose between single fire and continuous fire. If you only operate the upper part of the trigger, you shoot in single fire. If you press the lower part of the trigger, an additional lever behind the trigger is operated and the weapon shoots in continuous fire. The aiming device is a curved sight that can be adjusted for a distance of 50 to 1000 meters. The muzzle velocity is 360 m / s for the MP 34/1 and 350 m / s for the MP 35. The maximum operational range is 200 meters. The composition of the weapon essentially consists of the following:
- Run
- Bolt housing with cooling jacket for the barrel
- Lock with trigger and safety device
- Clasp
- Piston or shaft made of wood
See also
literature
- Günter Wollert, Reiner Lidschun: Infantry weapons yesterday . (1918-1945). In: Illustrated encyclopedia of infantry weapons from around the world . 3. Edition. tape 1 + 2 . Brandenburgisches Verlagshaus, Berlin 1998, ISBN 3-89488-036-8 , weapons, p. 140-142 .
- Walter Schulz: 1000 handguns. Neumann & Göbel Verlagsgesellschaft mbH, Cologne, ISBN 978-3-625-11906-7 , p. 235
- Alejandro de Quesada: MP 38 and MP 40 Submachine Guns , Bloomsbury Publishing, 2014, ISBN 978-1-78096-390-7 . (82 pages online PDF)
Web links
- MP35 Submachine Gun (Video about the history, development and functionality of Bergmann submachine guns, last accessed on May 10, 2018)
- Bergmann MP 32 (article with pictures about BMP-32 and BMK-32, last accessed on May 13, 2018)