Old Bridge (Heidelberg)
Coordinates: 49 ° 24 ′ 51 ″ N , 8 ° 42 ′ 34 ″ E
| Old bridge | ||
|---|---|---|
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| Official name | Karl Theodor Bridge | |
| use | mainly as a pedestrian bridge with cobblestones | |
| Crossing of | Neckar | |
| Subjugated | B37 | |
| place | Heidelberg | |
| construction | Arch bridge | |
| overall length | 200 m | |
| width | 7 m | |
| completion | 1788 | |
| location | ||
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The Karl Theodor Bridge , better known as the Old Bridge , is a bridge over the Neckar in Heidelberg . It connects the old town with the opposite bank of the Neckar at the eastern end of the Neuenheim district . The old bridge made of Neckar valley sandstone was built in 1788 under Elector Karl Theodor as the ninth bridge in total at this point. Today it is one of the most famous sights and landmarks in Heidelberg. It is used for pedestrian and bicycle traffic, but also for car traffic on weekdays between 4:00 p.m. and 11:00 a.m.
history
At almost two centuries old, the Old Bridge, completed in 1788, is still young. The Old Bridge got its (unofficial) name after a second crossing of the Neckar was created in 1877 with the Friedrichsbrücke (today Theodor-Heuss-Brücke ) further west . However, there had been eight previous bridges at the site of the Old Bridge since the 13th century, on whose foundations the bridge is built. The bridge gate at the southern end of the bridge has also existed since the Middle Ages.
Previous buildings
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The first bridges in the area of today's Heidelberg were built in Roman times : In the 1st century AD the Romans built a wooden bridge over the Neckar, which was replaced by a stone pillar bridge around the year 200. This was located further to the west between the present-day districts of Neuenheim and Bergheim . After the Römerbrücke fell into disrepair, Heidelberg remained bridgeless for almost a millennium.
A bridge over the Neckar was not built again until the city of Heidelberg was planned to be founded at the end of the 12th or beginning of the 13th century. When exactly this bridge was built is unknown, it was first mentioned in a document in 1284. This bridge was located on the site of today's Old Bridge. Their location was precisely tailored to the layout of the city of Heidelberg with the market square . Reasons for building the bridge were probably the connection to the Schönau monastery on the right of the Neckar as well as economic interests, because it was hoped to be able to divert the north-south traffic that had previously passed Heidelberg through the city. The bridge was a so-called outer bridge, because it did not connect two parts of the city, but led them out of the city. In fact, the bridge even represented the outer border of the Electoral Palatinate , as the northern bank of the Neckar belonged to Kurmainz until 1460 . Accordingly, the bridge was integrated into the city fortifications of Heidelberg and secured by the bridge gate.
In 1288 the first bridge was destroyed by ice drift. The next bridges, none of which did not last too long, had the same fate: the second bridge was destroyed in 1308, the third bridge in 1340, the fourth bridge around 1400 and the fifth bridge in 1470, both of which were destroyed by ice. There are no pictorial representations of the first five bridges. The sixth is different: We know two representations of this from the pen of Sebastian Munster , which is why it is also known as the "Munster Bridge". A small, round woodcut in Münster's Calendarium Hebraicum from 1527 shows a simple view of Heidelberg including the bridge. The representation in the Heidelberg panorama from Münster's Cosmographia (1550) is more detailed . From these pictorial traditions it can be seen that it was a bridge with eight stone pillars and a covered wooden bridge that was open on the sides. At the south end of the bridge there was already the bridge gate with its double towers, on the seventh pillar at the north end there was the monkey tower with the famous bridge monkey.
On February 2, 1565, an ice drift destroyed the wooden superstructure of the bridge. The seventh bridge was built on the preserved stone pillars, which is also known as the “Merian Bridge” because it was immortalized by Matthäus Merian in his large Heidelberg cityscape from 1620. Its appearance corresponded to that of its predecessor, except that the bridge between the monkey tower and the newly created Renaissance gate on the last bridge pillar on the Neuenheimer Ufer was covered. The bridge survived the conquest of Heidelberg in 1622 by Tilly in the Thirty Years' War unscathed, but on March 2, 1689 it was blown up by the French under Mélac during the Palatine War of Succession during the first devastation of the city .
Initially, ship bridges and ferries were used for almost twenty years . The eighth bridge was finally built in 1706–1708. For this purpose, the pillars of the previous bridge were repaired and a covered and laterally closed construction, again made of wood, was built on them. The monkey tower was never rebuilt, nor was the gate at the northern end. Instead, the second and seventh pillars, on which the monuments to Karl Theodors and Minerva stand today, each had a sentry box. The space between the banks and the guard houses was spanned by two stone arches that were later integrated into the Karl Theodor Bridge and are still preserved today. The towers of the bridge gate, which had survived the destruction of 1689, were equipped with Welschen hoods in 1714 . In 1738 a statue of St. John of Nepomuk was erected on Neuenheimer Ufer, to whom the eighth bridge is also known as the “Nepomuk Bridge”.
Ice floods in 1784 and construction of the Karl Theodor Bridge
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The displeasure of Elector Karl Philipps , who in 1719 threatened to tear down the bridge in a quarrel with the Heidelberg citizens in order to leave the city to impoverishment, survived the eighth bridge as well as an ice drift in 1724. However, it was finally destroyed in the catastrophic flood of ice on 27. Destroyed February 1784. The winter of 1783/1784 had been exceptionally cold and snowy. When the thaw finally set in at the end of February, this led to the most severe flood that Heidelberg has experienced in historical times. The consequences of the flood were exacerbated by the ice drift. Because the Heidelberg citizens were prepared for the flood and the disaster occurred during the day, the city had no fatalities to complain about, but the property damage was enormous: 39 buildings were destroyed and 290 damaged next to the bridge.
Planning for the reconstruction of the bridge began just two weeks after the flood. All leading officials from the Electoral Palatinate took part in this: The Heidelberg building director Johann Andreas von Traitteur suggested in his report that the bridge be built in stone and the existing pillars raised to make them less prone to flooding. The electoral chief building director Nicolas de Pigage presented plans for a wooden arch bridge on stone pillars. In the meantime, the proposal of the Württemberg lieutenant colonel von Mylius, who envisaged a wooden bridge on stone pillars, had already agreed. There was still disagreement about whether the bridge should be rebuilt at its old location or further west at Haspelgasse. Ultimately, however, on July 1, 1785 , the builder and namesake of the bridge, Elector Karl Theodor , surprisingly awarded the contract to the previously unknown building inspector Mathias Mayer for his subsequent proposal to build the bridge on the existing stone pillars.
Construction began in 1786 under Mayer's supervision and was completed in October or November 1788. The total cost of the bridge construction was 165,282 guilders , making the bridge the most expensive structure in the then Electoral Palatinate after the Mannheim Palace . The city of Heidelberg had to raise the money. For this purpose she owed herself to the court factor Aron Elias Seligmann and imposed a special tax on her citizens.
Battles in the 19th century
The Old Bridge was the scene of fighting twice in the 19th century. The first battle took place during the coalition wars after the French Revolution : On October 16, 1799, the French revolutionary troops tried to conquer Heidelberg with several thousand men over the Old Bridge. The bridge was defended by Austrian Uhlans under Prince Schwarzenberg and Tyrolean infantrymen. After seven attacks failed, the French withdrew to Handschuhsheim . The Austrian defenders, only 300 men in number and equipped with a single cannon, recognized the hopelessness of their position in the event that the French should attack again with reinforcements, and secretly withdrew that night. The next day the French entered Heidelberg without a fight.
For the second time, the Old Bridge was involved in acts of war during the Baden Revolution of 1848/1849. The revolutionary irregulars had holed up on the Heiligenberg , but withdrew to Heidelberg when the Prussian troops approached . On June 21, 1849, a Prussian division took up position on the opposite bank of the Neckar. To prevent them from moving into Heidelberg, the irregulars mined the bridge. The Heidelberger tried, believing that the fight against the Prussians was hopeless, to persuade the revolutionaries to spare the bridge. Some citizens even managed, under the leadership of the fire chief Carl Metz , to dig up the explosive container installed in the bridge and throw it into the Neckar, which was reversed by the rioters. In the end, however, they saw that resistance to the Prussian overwhelming power was pointless and withdrew without a fight. The next morning the Prussians entered the city unhindered.
Destruction in World War II and reconstruction
Heidelberg was largely spared the destruction of the Second World War . Towards the end of the war, however, the old bridge was badly affected: On March 29, 1945, pioneer units of the German Wehrmacht blew up the Heidelberg Neckar bridges as they retreated from the approaching Americans . The fifth and sixth pillars of the Old Bridge were blown up and the three arches supported by them collapsed. The demolition was pointless: the next day the 63rd US Infantry Division was able to march into Heidelberg without any problems.
Immediately after the end of the war, to the surprise of the American occupiers, the Heidelberg residents decided to rebuild the old bridge in front of the more central Friedrichsbrücke (today Theodor-Heuss-Brücke). A fundraising campaign was initiated that raised a total of 1,580,882.31 Reichsmarks . Reconstruction began on March 14, 1946 , and the rebuilt bridge was ceremoniously inaugurated on July 26, 1947.
Reconstruction 1969/1970
In the 1960s, due to increasing car traffic, the old bridge developed more and more into the bottleneck of the federal highway 37 , which runs along the banks of the Neckar under the two arches at the southern end of the bridge. The arches from the previous bridge built in 1708 were so low that they could only be crossed by a single lane. Therefore, the Heidelberg city council decided in 1966 to rebuild the bridge to ensure a more favorable passage profile. The necessity of the conversion became clear again in 1967 when an empty tanker truck collided with the second land arc. Construction work began in the spring of 1969. The two land arches were completely removed together with the pillar and rebuilt with an apex raised by 1.70 meters. At the same time, the bank wall was raised in order to reduce the risk of flooding at the low-lying bridge underpass. The renovation was completed in early summer 1970. Despite the critical intervention in the historical building fabric, the renovation is not only a benefit for traffic: thanks to the higher curvature, the two land arches, like the other arches of the bridge, now reach just below the carriageway level and thus fit more harmoniously into the image of the old Bridge a.
Building description
bridge
As an extension of Steingasse, the baroque Alte Brücke leads from Heidelberg's old town to Neuenheimer Landstrasse, which runs parallel to the Neckar on the opposite bank, belonging to the Heidelberg-Neuenheim district, at the foot of the Heiligenberg . From the Neuenheimer bridgehead there is a connection to the Philosophenweg via the Schlangenweg . The Old Bridge is open to car traffic on weekdays from 6 a.m. to 10 a.m., otherwise it serves as a pedestrian bridge. On the old town side, the street Am Hackteufel ( Bundesstraße 37 ) crosses under the arches of the old bridge.
The structure is 200 meters long and 7 meters wide. At a height of 4.4 to 10.4 meters, it consists of nine barrel vaults with spans of 12.20, 18.80, 5 × 22.00, 11.72 and 7.98 meters. The bridge is made of quarry stone masonry with an ashlar cladding made of red sandstone . The second and seventh of eight pillars are widened and carry the statues of Karl Theodor and Minerva. The middle bridge bays are significantly raised, which gives the bridge a curved silhouette. The background to this construction method was that the larger opening cross-section allows the water to flow better in the event of ice drift or flood. The parapet forms a horizontal line in the middle three bridge bays, so the bridge is divided into three compartments , an ascending, a horizontal and a descending part. It is adorned by classicist balconies over the pillars.
The old bridge is one of the last great examples of the classic art of bridge construction, before the new building material cast iron became predominant in the 19th century and bridge construction became a purely engineering task. In addition to its value as a monument, its aesthetic effect is primarily based on its scenic location in the Neckar Valley and the panorama it offers with the old town and the castle in the background. In 2002 the bridge was added to the World Monuments Fund 's then list of the world's most endangered monuments .
Bridge gate
At the southern end of the old bridge stands the bridge gate, which is medieval in its structure, with its 28 meter high flanking twin towers. Originally it was integrated into the city fortifications. Foreigners had to pay the bridge toll at the gate ; in the event of a defense, it could be closed by a drop gate . The bridge toll was lifted in 1878 after the "New Bridge", today Theodor-Heuss-Bridge , opened in 1877 .
The oldest components of the bridge gate are the two slender round towers, which were originally part of the late Gothic city wall from the 15th century. In 1709/11 the gate was redesigned in Baroque style . During the construction of the Carl-Theodor-Brücke, building inspector Mathias Maier also gave the bridge gate its present-day appearance; among other things, he put the late-baroque helmets on the towers.
The western tower ( guilt tower) has three low dungeon rooms, in the eastern tower a spiral staircase leads up to the bridge guard's small apartment above the archway. After the Second World War, the architect and art historian Rudolf Steinbach, who was involved in the reconstruction of the bridge, moved into it . From 1956 the writer Gert Kalow lived in the gate apartment.
Bridge figures
On the second and seventh pillars of the Old Bridge stand two statues designed by the sculptor Franz Conrad Linck . Both monuments have now been replaced by copies, the originals are kept in the Kurpfälzisches Museum . At the southern end of the bridge there is a statue of the builder, Elector Karl Theodor , the statue at the northern end represents Minerva or Athene . The statue of the elector was erected in 1788, the year the bridge was inaugurated. When Karl Theodor inspected the bridge in the same year, he decided that a statue should also be placed on the other side as a counterpart. In 1790 the statue of Minerva was completed.
The Karl Theodor monument shows the elector larger than life in an imposing pose with armor, an ermine coat and an allonge wig , looking over the bridge gate to the castle. The statue stands on a pedestal that is decorated with reliefs . The relief on the front shows the coat of arms of Palatinate Bavaria (these two Wittelsbacher Lands were ruled in personal union from 1777 ). The other three sides are decorated with putti reliefs added later in 1792 . The left relief allegorically depicts the union of Bavaria and the Palatinate, the right relief depicts Minerva as the patroness of Heidelberg University , the relief on the reverse finally addresses the 50th anniversary of Karl Theodor's reign. The pedestal is surrounded by four figures of river gods , which allegorically represent the four main rivers of Palatinate-Bavaria. Often one finds the information that it concerns the Rhine , Danube , Neckar and Moselle . But because two of the figures are male and two female and of the four rivers only the Moselle is represented in female form, it seems more likely that the Isar is represented instead of the Neckar .
The Minerva monument is clearly designed as a counterpart to the statue of the Elector. The goddess of wisdom is depicted in antique style with her usual attributes - helmet, lance, shield and owl. Minerva plays a major role in Karl Theodor's classicist picture program. So he had a temple built for her in Schwetzingen Palace Park . The putti reliefs on the pedestal show allegorically the arts and sciences that the elector saw himself to be the patron of. Like the Karl Theodor monument, the Minerva monument is also surrounded by four allegorical figures. These represent the embodiments of justice ( Iustitia ), piety ( Pietas ), agriculture ( Ceres ) and trade ( Mercurius ).
Bridge monkey
From the early 17th century, a relief of a monkey was attached to the former northern bridge tower , who grabbed its back and held up a mirror at the same time. Iconographically, this motif probably goes back to an older city monkey that was located elsewhere in the city. Martin Zeiller wrote about the monkey in 1632 in his Itinerarium Germaniae .
What are you gawking at here?
Have you not seen the old monkey
to Heydelberg / your way around / you
will probably find my like more.
When it was destroyed in 1689, the monkey tower was blown up and the bridge monkey was lost. In 1977 the Alt-Heidelberg Association announced a competition for a modern redesign of the bridge monkey, which was decided in favor of a design by the sculptor Gernot Rumpf . The bronze sculpture on the south bank, created in 1979, takes up the motif of self-reflection by holding a mirror in front of the viewer that can be interpreted metaphorically. The aforementioned mockery poem is placed next to the monkey. Two small mouse figures are reminiscent of the electoral granary, which was formerly at this point next to the bridge gate. The monkey's head is hollow so that you can stick your own head into it - a motif that Heidelberg tourists like to use as a motif for souvenir photos.
Nepomuk statue
As is the case with portraits of this saint, the statue of Johannes Nepomuk originally stood on the bridge, more precisely on the eighth pillar on the Neuenheimer Ufer. It was erected in 1738, just nine years after Nepomuk was canonized. The sculptor of the statue is unknown, but it could have been Pieter van den Branden , the creator of the Kornmarkt Madonna . In the 18th century, the Nepomuk cult was very widespread in German-speaking Catholic countries. Thus his statue, like the Kornmarkt Madonna, is a visible sign of the Counter Reformation in the Electoral Palatinate, which had recently become Catholic. This is also clear from the Latin inscription on the base, which addresses the viewer directly with “Stand still, wanderer!” ( Siste viator! ) And praises the saint as a shining example of right faith, before saying “Go, wanderer!” ( Ito viator! ) is released again. During the flood of 1784, the Nepomuk statue fell into the river. It could be salvaged, but since it did not fit into Karl Theodor's antique program of pictures, it was not put back on the bridge. Today it is a little off the beaten track on Neuenheimer Landstrasse. As with the bridge figures, the Nepomuk statue has meanwhile been replaced by a copy; the original is in the Kurpfälzisches Museum.
The Nepomuk statue shows the saint on a celestial globe , which rests on a cloud column and is supported by two angels. This demonstrates the apotheosis of the saint. This type of representation is a rarity in outdoor sculptures by Nepomuk.
The Old Bridge in Poetry
In the interplay of the river valley, the old town and the castle, the old bridge has always shaped the classic Heidelberg panorama. So it is not surprising that, together with the castle, it is one of the most drawn and photographed motifs in Heidelberg. The effect of the old bridge lies above all in the way it is embedded in the landscape. This is how Johann Wolfgang von Goethe , who visited Heidelberg a total of eight times and was familiar with both the previous building destroyed in 1784 and the Karl-Theodor-Brücke, described in his diary entry of August 26, 1797 the view from the Karlstor downriver to the old bridge “The bridge shows itself from here in a beauty like perhaps no bridge in the world. Through the arches you can see the Neckar flowing towards the flat Rhine area and above it the light blue mountains beyond the Reine in the distance. On the right-hand side, a clump of overgrown rock with reddish sides, which connects with the region of the vineyards, closes the view. "
One of the best-known mentions of Heidelberg in poetry is Friedrich Hölderlin's Ode Heidelberg (1800). The second stanza describes the old bridge:
As the bird of the forest flies over the peaks,
Swings over the stream, where it shines past you,
Light and strong the bridge,
which sounds before cars and people.
The best-known poem, explicitly dedicated to the Alte Brücke, was written in 1849 by Gottfried Keller , who studied in Heidelberg between autumn 1848 and spring 1850, and bears the name Die Brücke . Keller lived on the old town side, just a few houses down the river from the bridge tower. On the other side of the river in the Villa Zum Waldhorn lived the young Johanna Kapp, the daughter of the philosopher Christian Kapp . She had already entered into a love affair with Ludwig Feuerbach in 1841 - she was 16 years old at the time . Feuerbach, however, was married and officially decided to join his family in 1846. Johanna Kapp was to remain loyal to Feuerbach until her untimely death, so in 1847 she refused a marriage proposal from the poet Hoffmann von Fallersleben , and Gottfried Keller, who frequented Kapp's house, was not heard from her, despite the close friendship. The poem is about this unrequited love .
Beautiful bridge, have carried me often,
When my heart beat expectantly
And with you I crossed the river.
And it seemed to me that your proud bows were
drawn along in a bold swing,
and they felt my joy.
Woe to deception, as I now see,
When I pass over with grave suffering,
That no yoke is felt to bend the burden;
Should I go lonely in the mountains
And look for a weak footbridge, That
trembling submits to my grief?
But she, with other woes and sorrows,
and other bliss in her heart:
Easily bear the blooming figure!
Beautiful bridge, may you stand forever,
but it will never happen forever ,
That a better woman waves over!
Sources and further information
literature
- Herbert Fritz: The building history of the old bridge over the Neckar near Heidelberg . In: Mein Heimatländ, Badische Blätter für Volkskunde , Volume 15, Issue 5/6, Karlsruhe June / July 1928, pp. 150–163.
- J. Ph. A. Kintz: Fixed bridges in the Heidelberg city area , Heidelberg 1928.
- Helmut Prückner (ed.): The old bridge in Heidelberg . Braus, Heidelberg 1988, ISBN 3-925835-19-9 .
- Helmut Prückner: The Old Bridge . In: Elmar Mittler (Ed.): Heidelberg. History and shape . University Press C. Winter, Heidelberg 1996, ISBN 3-921524-46-6 . Pp. 162-171.
- Rudolf Steinbach : The old bridge in Heidelberg and the problem of reconstruction . In: Ulrich Conrads (ed.): The cities sky-open. Speeches and reflections on the reconstruction of what was lost and the return of the new building in 1948/49 . 171ff, Birkhäuser Architektur, Stuttgart 2002.
Web links
- Information from the city of Heidelberg about the old bridge
- H. Maier: Description of the Neckar Bridge near Heidelberg - Karl Theodor Bridge
- Heidelberg in pictures - photographs of the Old Bridge
- Order of Karl Theodor Elector v. Pfalz-Bayern for the construction of the Heidelberg Neckar Bridge . In Journal von und für Deutschland 1785 , pp. 428-430
Individual evidence
- ↑ Oliver Fink: Little Heidelberg City History . Friedrich Pustet, Regensburg 2005, p. 82.
- ^ Fink: Little Heidelberg City History , p. 14.
- ^ Jochen Goetze: The bridge as part of Heidelberg's urban development . In: Helmut Prückner (Ed.): The old bridge in Heidelberg . Braus, Heidelberg 1988. pp. 17-24. Here p. 19 f.
- ↑ Ludwig Merz: The ancestors of the old bridge . In: Helmut Prückner (Ed.): The old bridge in Heidelberg . Braus, Heidelberg 1988. pp. 25-29. Here p. 25.
- ↑ Merz: The ancestors of the Old Bridge , p. 26.
- ↑ Merz: The ancestors of the old bridge . P. 26 f.
- ↑ Merz: The ancestors of the old bridge . P. 28 f.
- ↑ Merz: The ancestors of the old bridge . P. 28.
- ↑ Werner Fricke: The report by EF Deurer on the ice flood of 1784 . In: Helmut Prückner (Ed.): The old bridge in Heidelberg . Braus, Heidelberg 1988. pp. 41-60. Here p. 43.
- ↑ Message to the residents of Heidelberg about the dangerous location of the ice on the Neckerbrücke. 1784 (GoogleBooks)
- ↑ Wiltrud Heber: The drafts of Nicolas de Pigage for the old bridge . In: Helmut Prückner (Ed.): The old bridge in Heidelberg . Braus, Heidelberg 1988. pp. 75-80.
- ↑ Markus Weis: The Old Bridge as a monument . In: Helmut Prückner (Ed.): The old bridge in Heidelberg . Braus, Heidelberg 1988, pp. 62-73. Here p. 64 f.
- ↑ Weis: The Old Bridge as a Monument , p. 66.
- ↑ Ludwig Merz: Two fights for the old bridge. In: Helmut Prückner (Ed.): The old bridge in Heidelberg . Braus, Heidelberg 1988. pp. 103-105. Here p. 103.
- ↑ Merz: Two fights for the old bridge . P. 104.
- ^ Fink: Little Heidelberg City History . P. 123.
- ^ Wilm Weber: Demolition and reconstruction 1945/1947 . In: Helmut Prückner (Ed.): The old bridge in Heidelberg . Braus, Heidelberg 1988. pp. 141-148. Here p. 144.
- ^ Günter Heinemann: The bridge operation of 1969/70 . In: Helmut Prückner (Ed.): The old bridge in Heidelberg . Braus, Heidelberg 1988. pp. 149-154.
- ^ Jörg Schlaich, Matthias Schüller: Ingenieurbaufführer Baden-Württemberg . Bauwerk Verlag, Berlin 1999, ISBN 3-934369-01-4 , pp. 82-83.
- ↑ Helmut Prückner: The Old Bridge. In: Elmar Mittler (Ed.): Heidelberg. History and shape. Heidelberg 1996, pp. 162-171. Here p. 163.
- ^ Encyclopedia of the Heidelberg History Association: From 1850. Retrieved on December 1, 2014 .
- ^ Gert Kalow: Living in the old bridge gate . In: Helmut Prückner (Ed.): The old bridge in Heidelberg . Braus, Heidelberg 1988. pp. 161-164.
- ↑ Helmut Prückner: The Elector and the Goddess of the Arts . In: Helmut Prückner (Ed.): The old bridge in Heidelberg . Braus, Heidelberg 1988. pp. 81-94. Here p. 81 f.
- ↑ Prückner: The Elector and the Goddess of the Arts . P. 85 f.
- ↑ Wilm Weber: The Heidelberg bridge monkey is not an isolated phenomenon . In: Helmut Prückner (Ed.): The old bridge in Heidelberg . Braus, Heidelberg 1988, pp. 30-33. Here p. 30 f.
- ↑ Oil on canvas, 29.5 cm × 40.5 cm. Köster's picture puts the figure, which was removed from the bridge after the flood in 1784, back onto the balustrade, but turns her gaze to the west. Left in the center of the picture the Neckar front of the old town with the two Marstall towers and the tower of the Providence Church.
- ^ Prückner: The Old Bridge . P. 168.
- ↑ Helmut Prückner: The statue of St. John of Nepomuk . In: Helmut Prückner (Ed.): The old bridge in Heidelberg . Braus, Heidelberg 1988. p. 34 f.
- ↑ Franz mush: For typology and iconography of Heidelberger Nepomuk statue . In: Helmut Prückner (Ed.): The old bridge in Heidelberg . Braus, Heidelberg 1988. pp. 36 f.
- ↑ Quoted from: Klaus Manger: And how I look towards the bridge. Heidelberg's old bridge especially in Clemens Brentano's song about a student's arrival in Heidelberg (1806) In: Helmut Prückner (Hrsg.): The old bridge in Heidelberg. Braus, Heidelberg 1988, pp. 130-140. Here p. 130.
- ↑ Quoted from: Manger: And how I look at the bridge . P. 131.
- ↑ Quoted from: Manger: And how I look at the bridge . P. 131 f.
| Upstream | Crossing the Neckar | Downstream |
| Wehrsteg (Karlstor) | Old bridge |
Theodor Heuss Bridge |
