Johann Andreas von Traitteur

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Johann Andreas Traitteur , from 1790 Edler von Traitteur , (born July 30, 1752 in Philippsburg , † January 20, 1825 in Bruchsal ) was an engineer , administrative councilor to the Palatinate elector and building director in Heidelberg ; Kk Lieutenant Colonel and owner of the salt works in Bruchsal and Mosbach (1824).

Coat of arms of the von Traitteur

family

Traitteur came from a Palatinate family. His father was Johann Adam Traitteur from Maikammer , his mother Eva Elisabeth Duraß from Weyher in the Palatinate . They married on May 20, 1749 in Philippsburg, where they also settled. The family had six children together.

Johann Andreas von Traitteur was married twice. The first marriage to Anna Maria Walther, who lived in Langenbrücken , remained childless. The wedding was closed on September 23, 1777 in Ubstadt after an approved dispensation . His first wife died on April 17, 1798 and only two months later he married Maria Anna Augusta Janner (also Jonner) “Von Stolzenberg” on June 21, 1798 in Heidelberg. Six children were born from this second connection. One son and five daughters. Amalia Christina Carolina married into the von Glaubitz family , Antonia Maria Anna Philippina entered into a relationship with the Göler von Ravensburg family and the daughter Marie Philippine Caroline Auguste Valerie married into the von Faber family .

Johann Andreas' brother, Karl Theodor von Traitteur (1756–1830), was court librarian in Mannheim from 1788 . Together with his brothers Jacob , Conrad and Karl Theodor Traitteur , he was raised to the rank of imperial knighthood with the addition of Edler von Traitteur by Elector Karl Theodor von Pfalz-Bayern in Munich on September 14, 1790 .

Life

From November 17, 1772, Traitteur studied law at the University of Heidelberg . He continued his studies at the Collége de St. Louis in Metz . He came to the Palatinate contingent as an engineer and “officer of genius” and then as a lieutenant colonel in the Austrian army.

From 1779 to 1781 he gave lectures on geometry. He was appointed professor on December 9, 1784, but initially without salary. In May 1785 he took up the professorship at the University of Heidelberg. In 1786 he became a doctor and dean of the philosophy faculty, and in 1790/91 he was rector of the University of Heidelberg. The resignation of the professorship at Heidelberg University took place on December 24, 1803.

The caterer was also a member of the Freemason Lodge Carl zur Eintracht in Mannheim.

Hot air balloon launches

Traitteur experimented with unmanned hot air balloons for many years :

  • On July 17, 1784, a few months after Joseph Michel Montgolfier carried out his first manned balloon flight near Paris , a balloon built by Traitteur took off from Leimersheim . This was made of paper and reinforced with cords, 16  shoes (approx. 4.60 m) high and had a diameter of 12 shoes (approx. 3.50 m). According to its own report, the balloon flew for about 38 minutes.
  • In Burrweiler near Landau , an experiment that brought people together took place on October 18, 1784:

“Under the direction of the council of the Electoral Palatinate and building commissioner Mr. Traitteur, a ball of air called Montgolfier [...] was released this afternoon at 3:30 pm and took its direction towards the south, far beyond the village of Siebeldingen [...] at a height, visually and geometrical discretion over 3000 Schuh (approx. 915 m) and after the most exact observation it took 85 minutes until he settled in Elmstein . His inscription was: Vivant Anna, Philippus, Damianus, Ervinus, Sophia, Carolina, comites a Petra, in terris Longaevi, in stellis perpetui and Vivent le Roi, la Reine et Monseigneur le Dauphin, du sang royal Bourbon-Autrichien. Many thousands of spectators, Germans and French, showed the liveliest amusement and gave Mr. Rath the praise he deserved for being one of the greatest connoisseurs of aerostatics in Europe , as well as indisputably of hydrostatics , as he did the most convincing and eternally memorable and thankful samples and has done works. "

- Contemporary quote in: People and Balloons. P. 28.
  • In 1786, on the 400th anniversary of the Heidelberg University, he took over the production of the illumination for a fee of 600 guilders. In the presence of Princess Luise von Baden , who later became the wife of Tsar Alexander I , he launched a balloon, which he did not succeed in doing and which earned him the mockery at the time. (see below)
  • More balloon launches took place on July 20, 1803 from the salt works in Bruchsal in the presence of Grand Duke Karl Friedrich von Baden . The balloon flew for an hour and landed in "Württembergischen". Exactly two months later, on September 20, 1803, Traitteur once again raised a balloon from the Bruchsal Saline, this time in the presence of Sweden's King Gustav Adolf and his wife Sophie Magdalene of Denmark , which only landed in Wissembourg after a 12-hour flight .

Construction activities

The Traitteur house in the old town
The “stretched octagon” is today the town hall of Oppenweiler
  • In 1778 he bought the house at "Fischmarkt 4", the "old shop", and converted it into his house in the Louis-Seize style. This house is now a listed building.
  • In 1782, as an architect, he took over the reconstruction of the old moated castle in Oppenweiler / ( Rems-Murr-Kreis ). He had implemented the unusual idea of ​​an octagonal building.
  • In 1785 he took over the planning and management of the renovation in connection with the relocation of the university library rooms within the old Heidelberg University .
  • 1786, responsible for the restoration work in the old auditorium in Heidelberg (used as a university library from 1829-1905)
  • In 1787 and 1788, Traitteur led the construction work to remove the Ceylon island on the Rhine , which the Electoral Palatinate viewed as a threat to the city of Germersheim . He submitted further plans to Elector Karl Theodor to straighten the Rhine in the Germersheim area.
  • 1799, purchase of the site of the former electoral building and timber yard on the banks of the Neckar near the armory and creates an orchard.
  • In 1803 he acquired the former Jesuit high school in Heidelberg at "Augustinergasse 15". (In 1827 his wife sold it to the University of Heidelberg)
  • In 1804 he bought the house at “Schulgasse 6”, converted it and used it as a salt store, residential building and theater (which later became the university library).
  • He repairs the Philippsburg fortress after it has been destroyed.

Construction of the water pipeline from Rohrbach to Mannheim

Version of the sources in Rohrbach (Heidelberg)
Floor plan of the water pipe with drawbar tubes and caisson
Site plan of the planned water pipeline (dark blue) and the derivation of the Leimbach for the fortress ditches (light blue).
(indicated course after the "special card" of JA v. Traitteur, around 1790)

After more than 110 years, the decision was finally made to build a fresh water pipeline to Mannheim. Many years earlier over 20,000  florins ( guilders ) had been spent on investigations, but constant contradictions among experts made the court unable to achieve the desired end purpose. With a rescript of July 19 and September 21, 1790, v. The caterer approved the order for the planning and execution of the work from the farm. On November 20, 1790, he held a public lecture in the Redoute (fortress) in Mannheim, in which he presented the population with a plan to supply Mannheim with spring water from Rohrbach through a water pipe. With another letter dated November 24th and again dated December 16, 1790, new demands were made on the construction work, which increased the costs through renewed over-planning and extensions. With the second contract (contract) of March 1, 1791, a construction cost of 238,000 guilders was agreed. YES v. The caterer should advance the first costs in the amount of 90,000 guilders and then get them back from the state treasury. The contract with the municipality of Rohrbach for the construction of the source catchment for this water pipe was signed by Traitteur on May 2, 1791. Envy, resentment, disputes and intrigues repeatedly led to delays and finally to a halt in construction. The first coalition war that broke out also caused a lack of money, so that in 1798 the water pipeline project was stopped forever after almost eight years of construction. In a settlement contract dated March 22, 1798, all previous contracts were canceled. A settlement of the v. The construction costs advanced by the catering company were not paid due to the elector's lack of signature. On March 13, 1803, an anonymous work appeared in Mannheim, “The Rhine Palatinate Water = Pipeline History of Mannheim from 1790 to 1803”, in which JA v. Traitteur describes the construction of the water pipeline from Rohrbach to Mannheim and denounces the machinations of the Palatinate and Palatinate government, documenting in detail how he is systematically withheld the money that he had advanced for the construction of the water pipeline from Rohrbach to Mannheim. It is about 100,000 guilders. After 10 years of legal dispute, he finally expresses the hope that he (quote) “... but can certainly expect from the love of justice of the dividing princes that what is still missing in the barren supplies of this arréage for his ultimate satisfaction either in the Churpfälzisches Staats Papers of the same value as his own or in hard cash are brought in proportionately ”. As far as we know, the Traitteur never got his money.

Excavation find in Eppelheim

During excavation work in December 2013, a section of the Traitteur water pipe made of Odenwald red sandstone was found at a depth of four meters .

  • View of the Traitteur water pipe, which is approx. 3 m deep

  • Square inner cross-section 35 × 35 cm

  • Facing south

  • Side view of the brick pipe

Saline operator

Announcement of the takeover of the salt debit on January 2, 1812 by JA v. Caterer

In debt and disappointed with the Mannheim court, he turned his back on Mannheim and moved to Bruchsal.
From 1799 he was the leaseholder of the Bruchsal salt works. He was also the hereditary bearer of the Princely Leiningen saltworks in Mosbach .

These investments were not successful either. On November 9, 1800, a storm over Bruchsal brought half of the Bischöflich Speyerische Saline to collapse. The damage amounts to approx. 66,000 guilders. In order to "avoid a recourse" the court chamber of the Electorate of Palatinate shows understanding and pays YES v. Caterer sold 28 of the government bonds that have been arbitrarily withheld for years. The much larger part of his retained property remained in the hands of the tax authorities.

In 1807 he acquired the Mosbacher Saline and in 1812 the Bruchsal Saline was acquired by the Baden state for 20,000 guilders. He still had to invest huge sums of money to maintain them. The annual salt production was given as 4,000 quintals for each saltworks.

The brine was from the Ubstadter salt source via two four-story Gradierwerke pumped with four one above the other pumps in a brine container high and reached with Deicheln from Forlenholz about Ubstadter- and Bruchsal break until after Bruchsal. The Kraichbach served to drive these pumps. This construction was prone to failure and could only be operated in the warmer six to eight months of the year. The millers at the Kraichbach dammed the water for their own purposes, so that it was no longer sufficient for the pumps and they came to a standstill. As early as 1800 this led to bitter quarrels between the millers and the salt works operator. After twelve years of ownership, he had to stop the production of salt from both salt pans in 1824 due to unprofitability. In addition to the low salt concentration (<2%), the reason for this was, among other things, the increased price of firewood. Dutch timber merchants began to buy more and more timber around 1810. The salt works were also still in competition with the state salt works in Rappenau and Dürrheim .

title

Fonts

Trivia

The balloon pioneer accompanied the balloon pioneer when he tried to take off in 1786 in Heidelberg. The verses are cited to this day in various regional and Palatinate publications:

Mr. Tretter, Mr. Tretter, the
balloon hits wedder.
If he had a lot more ugly,
he would not have bumped into owwe.

Street names

The city of Mannheim honored the able civil engineer, his brother the court librarian Karl Theodor von Traitteur and his nephew, the bridge builder Wilhelm von Traitteur with the Traitteurstraße in Mannheim's Oststadt .

See also

literature

  • Viktor Carl: Lexicon of the Palatinate personalities. 2nd Edition. Hennig, Edenkoben 1998.
  • Wolfgang H. Collum: Kinship Book of the City of Philippsburg…. Series A, Volume 62. Grafenhausen bei Lahr 1975, p. 566 No. 5144 ( Badische Ortssippenbücher 36).
  • Dagmar Drüll: Traitteur, Johannes Andreas von . In: Heidelberger Gelehrtenlexikon . Vol. 1: 1652-1802. Heidelberg 1991, pp. 156-158 ( digitized version ).
  • KH Frauenfeld: Johann Andreas von Traitteur. In Badische Heimat, 53 (1973), ISSN  0930-7001 , pp. 325-329.
  • Paul-Gerhard Franke, Adolf Kleinschrot: Life pictures in short version. Personalities in the field of hydraulics and hydraulic engineering from German-speaking countries . Chair for Hydraulics and Hydrology at the Technical University of Munich, Munich 1987, p. 100.
  • Genealogical manual of the nobility . Volume XIV, Volume 131 of the complete series. CA Starke Verlag, Limburg (Lahn) 2003, ISSN  0435-2408 .
  • Otto Titan von Hefner (Ed.): J. Siebmacher's large and general book of arms. The nobility of the Kingdom of Bavaria . Volume 2. 1854, p. 119 ( digitized version ) and plate 147 ( digitized version )
  • Rudolf Heinze: Heidelberg University Anniversaries…. Heidelberg 1884, p. 39, note 59.
  • Fritz Hirsch: From the university buildings in Heidelberg . Heidelberg 1903, pp. 80-81 and 90-98.
  • Historical and genealogical book of nobility of the Grand Duchy of Baden , p. 329 ( digitized version )
  • Kneschke: German count houses of the present in heraldic, historical and genealogical relation . Vol. 2. 1853, pp. 571–573 ( digitized version )
  • August Rosenlehner: On the life story of the librarian and court historian Karl Theodor von Traiteur [!] <1756-1830> . In: Mannheim history sheets . 9th year, 1908, No. 8 and 9, Col. 171–172.
  • Carl von Traitteur: Origin of the von Traitteur family . In: Mannheim history sheets . Volume 32, 1931, Col. 58–61.
  • Florian Waldeck: Old Mannheim families . 3rd part. In: Mannheim history sheets . 22nd year, 1921, col. 112-114.
  • Florian Waldeck: From Traitteur . In: Old Mannheim families . Mannheim 1922. (Writings of the Mannheim Family History Association. 2.) Part 2 pp. 48–64
  • Paul Wider: People and Ballons , Bechtle Verlag, Esslingen, 1993, ISBN 3-7628-0516-4
  • Horst Eichler: "Heidelberg - Learning Landscape Southern Gaisbergscholle", Verlag Regionalkultur, 2017, pp. 120–126

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Ortssippenbuch Philippsburg, No. 5144 (first OSB) or 7198 (new OSB version); there is only one Johann Traitteur noted (the 2nd first name "Andreas" is missing)
  2. ↑ Ortssippenbuch Bruchsal (under construction)
  3. ^ OSB Philippsburg # 5144
  4. ^ Eva Elisabeth Durass was widow of the Philippsburg court councilor Johann Heinrich Weber (1721 - 1749)
  5. ↑ The mother brought a daughter (1747–1752) with her from her first marriage.
  6. ↑ Anna Maria Walther was born in Deidesheim on April 30, 1752, but later moved to Langenbrücken. Family search as well as in the Bad Schönborn, Mingolsheim (in preparation) Ortssippenbuch, childless according to OFB Maikammer
  7. ↑ The bride's father was Georgius Adamus Carolus Walther , (1738 lawyer in Bruchsal and 1790 councilor of the Prince-Bishop of Speyer (Consiliarius Aulici)). The bride's mother was Anna Elisabetha Regina Durass , whose father was Johann Jakob Düraß (Durass), a prince-bishop's court chamber councilor and chamber director .
  8. ↑ by Pope Pius VI. of June 19, 1777 in Rome - because of consanguinity in the second degree.
  9. ↑ Ortssippenbuch Ubstadt, No. 2432
  10. ↑ Ferdinand Carl von Traitteur-BROWN MOUNTAIN was baptized in Heidelberg on April 23 1799th
  11. ↑ Two daughters died shortly after birth (1804, 1807)
  12. ↑ Heidelberger Gelehrtenlexikon ( Memento of the original from July 30, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.ub.uni-heidelberg.de
  13. ↑ In 1787 the Electoral Palatinate-Bavarian Court and State Calendar calls him the "Weltweisheit doctor of civil and military art, the practical geometry of ordinary public teachers, spiritual administrator and second building commissioner, member of the philosophical faculty of the University of Heidelberg."
  14. ↑ Heidelberger Gelehrtenlexikon / Dagmar Drüll ( Memento of the original from July 30, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. - Heidelberg vol. 1. 1652-1802. - 1991, pp. 156-158 @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.ub.uni-heidelberg.de
  15. ^ Balloon starts in 1803
  16. ^ Otto Meyer, Hans Jutta Götzmann and Ansgar Reiss: Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation 962 to 1806. Old Empire and New States 1495 to 1806. Dresden 2006, ISBN 3-937602-62-3
  17. ↑ Monument book
  18. ↑ Floria Waldeck: From Traitteur. (Biography) p. 48 ff.
  19. ^ Oppenweiler municipality
  20. ^ Dagmar Drüll: Heidelberger Gelehrtenlexikon. ( Memento of the original of July 30, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Volume 1: 1652-1802. Heidelberg 1991, pp. 156-158 @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.ub.uni-heidelberg.de
  21. ↑ Heinz Musall: For historical and geographical development of the Rhine valley in Rußheim. In: State Institute for Environmental Protection Baden-Württemberg , Institute for Ecology and Nature Conservation Karlsruhe (Hrsg.): Der Rußheimer Altrhein. A north Baden floodplain landscape (= The nature and landscape protection areas of Baden-Württemberg. Volume 10) State Institute for Environmental Protection Baden-Württemberg, Karlsruhe 1978, ISBN 3-88251-028-5 , p. 15–47, here p. 37 ff.
  22. ↑ Monument book
  23. ↑ History of the aqueduct ... (1798)
  24. ↑ Chronicle of Rohrbach ( Memento of the original dated February 3, 2017 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. PDF, March 1, 1794 @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.heidelberg-rohrbach.com
  25. ^ Chronicle of Rohrbach: In August 1791 v. The caterer makes an advance payment for the work done, but does not receive any money. On March 1, 1792, the contract with v. Caterer lifted. After two years of negotiations in which v. Traitteur unsuccessfully demanded reimbursement of his expenses from the electoral court chamber for the now well-advanced water pipeline from Rohrbach to Mannheim, a new contract is concluded. Quotation: "who intended to limit the previous plan of the water pipe as practicable as possible in order to reduce the costs which the court chamber seemed too busy as possible in the event of war circumstances and to find a longer delay in making the same payment". Trusting in this new contract, Traitteur continues construction and invests a further 70,000 guilders.
  26. ↑ June 10, 1798, Johann Andreas Traitteur explains in "The water pipes of Mannheim, JA de Traitteur, Mannheim, 1798 ( limited preview in the Google book search)" in the "Preface to the citizens of Mannheim", why the water pipe of Rohrbach got stuck halfway to Mannheim.
  27. ↑ History of the aqueduct v. Gebürg bei Rohrbach to Mannheim, Mannheim, 1798 ( limited preview in the Google book search)
  28. ^ Chronicle of Rohrbach, March 22, 1798
  29. ↑ The pit is approx. 4x4 m, covered and visible (inspection on May 10, 2014)
  30. ↑ This Eppelheim water pipe is over 200 years old RNZ-Online from March 10, 2015, accessed on March 11, 2015
  31. ↑ What a find in the Pfaffengrund! RNZ-Online from September 10, 2016, accessed on September 26, 2016
  32. ^ Chronicle of Rohrbach, November 9, 1800
  33. ↑ Old salt pans in Central Europe: On the history of evaporated salt production from the Middle Ages to the present.
  34. ↑ The salt works in Rappenau, which went into operation in 1824, had a 28% salt solution
  35. ↑ "The former salt works at Bruchsal and its salt springs" by Carl Beierle
  36. ↑ Brauneberg is a municipality on the Moselle
  37. ↑ see: Construction of the old Neckar Bridge after the ice flood of 1784
  38. ^ Burrweiler , Palatine "cradle" of aerostatics, accessed on May 29, 2013
  39. ↑ Traitteurstrasse in GoogleMaps
  40. ↑ Excerpt: “The von Traitteur vom Braune-Berg family originally came from the Margraviate Franchimont, one of the four provinces of the former diocese and imperial monastery of Liège , which, according to authentic historical information, existed before the Reformation. The aristocratic von Traitteur family (often written by Trettor and Trytor in older times ) existed in a document, formerly for many years in the Liège region, they also owned the Brauneberg on the Moselle, and a descendant of the same Michael von Traitteur (1660), ancestor of the Catholic lines still flourishing in Germany, and great-grandfather of Count Johann Andreas von Traitteur, who died in Bruchsal in 1825, owned considerable estates in the Liège and Jülich lands, which the descendants lost as a result of the time conditions. ff "
personal data
SURNAME Caterer, Johann Andreas von
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Caterer, Johann Andreas Edler from
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German engineer
DATE OF BIRTH July 30, 1752
PLACE OF BIRTH Philippsburg
DATE OF DEATH January 20, 1825
Place of death Bruchsal