Asberg (Westerwald)
| Asberg | ||
|---|---|---|
 Asberg vom Birkig |
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| height | 430.2 m above sea level NHN | |
| location | Rhineland-Palatinate , Germany | |
| Mountains | Rheinwesterwälder volcanic ridge , Niederwesterwald | |
| Dominance | 5.2 km → Löwenburg | |
| Coordinates | 50 ° 37 '35 " N , 7 ° 17' 45" E | |
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| rock | basalt | |
| particularities | highest point in the district of Neuwied | |
 Summit of the Asberg |
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The Asberg is a 430 m above sea level. NHN , formerly over 441 m, high mountain on the Rheinwesterwälder volcanic ridge on the northern edge of the Linzer Höhe . A basalt quarry was operated on Asberg until the 1970s .
geography
The Asberg is located in the eastern area of the city of Unkel (middle section with the summit) and the local communities Rheinbreitbach (northern section) and Erpel (southern section) and marks their highest ground points. The Asberg towers over the surrounding plateau of the volcanic ridge with its blunt dome by around 80 m. Due to the basalt mining, the mountain, whose original summit at the time of the land survey in 1893 and the altitude value determined at that time, has 441 m above sea level. NN had already been removed, lost another 10 meters in height in the following decades. Three excavated lakes with a total area of two hectares are distributed over a length of 500 m to the west and east of the summit, with the eastern and largest lake having silting zones .
The rivers that arise on the Asberg include the Logebach in the north in the area of the town of Bad Honnef , the left source creek of the Pleisbach, and in the east the Hallerbach . The Asberg thus forms a watershed between the Rhine tributaries Sieg and Wied . A neighboring hill to the south is the smaller Steinhübel ( 357.6 m above sea level ).
The mixed deciduous forest , including the beech forest , is the dominant form of vegetation and in the south of the Asberg part of the Erpeler parish forest . The Stellweg begins to the north at the southern city limits of Bad Honnef , a straight- lined aisle path that leads in the upper area of the Siebengebirge Nature Park to Ittenbach . The Rheinhöhenweg runs 1.5 kilometers west of the Asberg and crosses the path coming from there at the Eye of God .
geology
The Asberg is crowned by a flat basement dome . The rock that appears on its crest is alkali olivine basalt , the age of which is dated to 24 million years. On the steep slopes of the mining depressions, it emerges as a so-called “ silicate rock ”.
history
On the Asberg originated in Celtic times in the period from 600–400 BC. BC ring walls of the Hunsrück-Eifel culture . They were examined in the 1930s by the Rhenish provincial administration in Bonn. Due to the mining, there are no more remains of the ring walls. The name Asberg - locally earlier "Ahsberg", in the cadastre Aasberg - is derived from "Asc" (= ash ) and may not originally refer to the mountain, but to the Celtic refugee castle . There used to be a fountain on the east side of the Asberg , which is reminiscent of the field name Am Asbergsbrunnen .
From 1881 basalt was mined at the Asberg and among other things, armourstones and columnar basalt were extracted . The end products were transported to the Rhine where they were loaded onto ships, initially by horse-drawn vehicles along forest paths. To avoid this arduous transport method, a 6.3 kilometer long cable car was built from 1886 to 1887 from the Asberg plateau to the Rheinbreitbacher Rheinufer. The construction costs were 300,000 Reichsmarks . After it was founded in 1888, Basalt AG carried out the mining on Asberg. In 1901 the operation of the cable car was stopped due to legal disputes with a competing quarry company, from 1902 it was dismantled again. Track systems for lorries that ran from Asberg to Meerberg replaced the cable car. The use of trucks began at the end of the 1950s .
After the deposits were exhausted, basalt mining ended at the Asberg in the early 1970s. In its mining depressions, it left three lakes and numerous smaller wetlands . There is an Ilex area on the south-western flank of the mountain , and a population of crested newts and yellow-bellied toads has also populated the Asberg. It has been registered as an FFH area since 2003 with an area of 94 hectares . In spring 2013, measures were taken to protect the recently significantly reduced stocks of yellow-bellied toads.
Basalt lake on the Asberg
View from the summit towards the Eifel
V1 position range
At the end of the Second World War , four firing positions for “ retaliatory weapons ” of the Fieseler Fi 103 (V1) type, the first cruise missile used by the military, were set up in the southern perimeter of the Asberg . Initially settled in northern France, the launch sites of the retaliatory weapon had been relocated to the Eifel as the Allies advanced eastwards . In autumn 1944, the Commander-in-Chief West also began preparations for the construction of V1 position areas on the eastern bank of the Rhine: The order to explore the new operational area ("Richard") on September 22nd was followed by an inspection of the area from October 9th to 14th between Königswinter , Ittenbach , Honnef and Linz am Rhein on possible locations of a V1 battery . The choice fell on the forest area between (clockwise) Schweifeld , Kretzhaus or Kalenborn and Bruchhausen . It was cordoned off extensively.
The construction of the four of the five initially planned firing positions was carried out by an Air Force construction battalion . It was characterized by a simplified design due to the war-related labor shortage, the renunciation of the use of forced labor and very complex camouflage measures . The transport operations for the construction of the positions and the supply of the battery were carried out via the Kalenborn station on the Linz – Flammersfeld railway line . The positions each consisted of eleven facilities, including a concrete cannon and eight pendulum support foundations (length approx. 50 m), a relocation system and storage areas for equipment (for the missiles), a warming room for the staff, storage pits and a command post. The connecting paths between the facilities were concreted .
The occupation of the positions by the 21st battery took place only after a corresponding order of March 4, 1945. The commissioning, which took six to eight days, could no longer be completed due to the course of the war, so that no missiles were shot down. Already on March 7, the first Allied crossing of the Rhine took place on only six kilometers away Ludendorff Bridge between Remagen and Erpel , on March 10, was an American infantry pointed up to 600 meters to the staging area moved up. Therefore, according to orders of March 11, the 21st battery was transported by rail to Cloppenburg by March 21st . After the end of the war, the positions left intact by the Allied troops were used to repair damage to houses in the surrounding villages and were partially dismantled. The standing area on the Asberg is nonetheless unique in terms of its degree of preservation, completeness and public accessibility.
The individual positions are accessible to a different extent, but in the same state of completion and similar preservation. Position no. 328 is the only one that has pendulum support foundations that can be seen and walked from a public path. Position no. 326 was only measured, not built.
| station | District | position | Coordinates |
|---|---|---|---|
| 325 | Uncle | west of Schweifeld | 50 ° 38 ' N , 7 ° 18' E |
| 327 | drake | northwest of Kretzhaus | 50 ° 37 ' N , 7 ° 18' O |
| 328 | drake |
Rheinhöhenweg (direction Bruchhausen ) |
50 ° 37 ' N , 7 ° 16' E |
| 334 | Rheinbreitbach |
Rheinhöhenweg (south of the Eye of God ) |
50 ° 37 ' N , 7 ° 16' E |
reception
Asbergplatz in the Cologne district of Sülz , which was laid out in 1912 according to plans by the garden architect Fritz Encke , is named after the mountain .
literature
- Jürgen Fuchs: Basalt from Asberg . In: Heimat-Jahrbuch des Landkreis Neuwied 2008, ISBN 978-3-935690-61-4 , pp. 231-236.
Web links
- Cable car - basalt from Asberg
- FFH area Asberg near Kalenborn
- Asberg biotope complex near Kalenborn. Archived from the original on January 6, 2013 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Information according to the digital topographic map 1: 5,000 (DTK5)
- ↑ Topographic map (1: 25,000) 1895, based on the Royal Prussian Land Survey 1893
- ↑ Heimat-Blatt and historical chronicle for the former Wied'schen and Nassauische Lande, for Westerwald, Eifel and Mittelrhein , 4th year, Strüdersche Buchdruckerei and Verlagsanstalt, Neuwied 1925, P. 90/91. ( online )
- ↑ Heinrich Müller-Miny: The Niederwesterwald and its natural spatial structure . In: Federal Institute for Regional Studies (Ed.): Reports on German Regional Studies . Volume 21, Issue 2 (September 1958), self-published by the Federal Institute for Regional Studies, Remagen 1958, pp. 233–246 (here: p. 241).
- ^ Geological State Office North Rhine-Westphalia (ed.); Gangolf Knapp, Klaus Vieten: Geological map of North Rhine-Westphalia 1: 25,000. Explanations for sheet 5309 Königswinter . 3rd, revised edition, Krefeld 1995, p. 23 u. 33
- ↑ Biotope "Felswalls am Asberg". In: Osiris Rhineland-Palatinate. Archived from the original on September 13, 2012 .
- ^ Paul Vot: The place names in Engersgau: an investigation , Strüder, Neuwied 1890, p. 18
- ↑ Ludwig Wirtz: Heimat-Blatt and Geschichtschronik for the former Wied'schen and Nassauische Lande, for Westerwald, Eifel and Mittelrhein , Neuwied 1924, p. 91
- ↑ Carl Wilhelm Nose: Orographic letters about the Siebengebirge and the neighboring partly volcanic areas on both banks of the Lower Rhine to Mr. Joseph Paul Edeln von Cobres. First part. Eastern side of the Rhine . Gebhard and Körber, Frankfurt am Mayn 1789, p. 168 ff
- ↑ Nature conservation in the Siebengebirge - amphibians and their habitats in the Siebengebirge (PDF; 4.1 MB), p. 65
- ↑ A shelter for the yellow-bellied toad is being built on Asberg , General-Anzeiger, March 9, 2013
- ^ Jakob Sieger: V1 firing positions near Bruchhausen. Remains of a V1 battery from 1944/45 in the "Erpeler Kirchspielwald" . In: Rheinische Heimatpflege . Volume 47, No. 4, 2010, pp. 275–280.
- ^ The last well-preserved V 1 flak system , General-Anzeiger , August 28, 2003.