Belem (ship)
 The Belem under topsails
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The Belem ex Giorgio Cini ex Fantôme II ex Belem is a 1896 in Nantes built barque , built as a cargo ship, later British luxury yacht and Italian training ship was again under since 1979 French driving flag.
History and description
The Belem ran on June 10, 1896 as a cargo and passenger transport ship at the Adolphe Dubigeon shipyard in Chantenay-sur-Loire (now part of Nantes ) for the Nantes shipping company Société Denis Crouan & Cie. from the stack . She was designed as a full-deck ship with superstructures , specifically as a well ship with two deckhouses in the well: She had a large deckhouse with a galley behind the foremast, a small one in front of the mizzen mast, and the open helm at the stern behind the large skylight on the poop deck, which was widely used at the time . The barque with originally black hull and all-round gold band was considered a robust but fast ship of her size and had a conspicuous rig, as she sailed the mizzen as a triangular sail without a gaff or mizzen top sail, which earned her the name "Crouans Jacht". All masts and spars were the except on F. Crouans request from the constructed steel bowsprit and jib boom , originally made of wood, the Rahmasten from lower mast, Mars and topgallant established, the Besanmast with Stenge without gaff.
With a view to the founding of the first Brazilian republic, it was named after the northern Brazilian city of Belém , where the Crouan shipping company had been operating an office since 1817. This is where the maiden voyage took them back after taking over 121 mules in Montevideo . A fire broke out in the port of Belem, in which almost all animals were suffocated. After returning to the home port, the barque had to undergo major repairs to remove the fire damage. The Belem initially drove between France, mainly Nantes, and South America, mainly Brazil and French Guiana , in the cocoa trade and was also set up to transport people. Until 1907, the barque sailed under the red Crouan shipping company flag with the white, five-pointed star. In 1902, while still under its first owner, the ship narrowly escaped the devastating Pelée eruption on a voyage to the Antilles , which completely destroyed Saint Pierre in Martinique , as she anchored in the roadstead of St. Pierre in a more distant bay due to lack of space where she was safe from the volcanic eruption. After the death of the shipowner Fernand Crouan, it first went to the shipping company Demange Frères for two years , which provided it with a gray hull with a porte strap, then in 1909 to the Société des Armateurs Coloniaux (H. Fleuriot & Cie.) ( Society of colonial shipowners ) and was now used in trade to the French overseas colonies.
In 1914 the barque was bought by Hugh Grosvenor, 2nd Duke of Westminster , the home port - previously Nantes - now changes to Southampton , England . The last and long-serving French captain Julien Chauvelon transferred the Belem and personally handed her over to the new owner, who honored him with a gold pocket watch. In the course of converting the cargo ship into a luxury yacht, two Swedish Bolinder auxiliary diesel engines and two propellers were installed, the poop deck was increased, the cargo holds were largely converted into luxury apartments, the stern was fitted with a white wooden railing , the three wooden masts were replaced by steel masts and other deck structures appropriate. The mizzen mast was rigged with a gaff, standard mizzen and mizzen top sail, and the hull was dyed black again while retaining the painted gun ports.
In 1922, the brewery owner and great-grandson of the brewery founder Sir Arthur Ernest Guinness (1876-1949) bought the yacht and renamed it Fantôme II . Again, changes were made to the ship's superstructure and inside. Sir AE Guinness made a circumnavigation of the world via the Panama Canal and Suez Canal with the ship between 1923 and 1924 . The ship escaped another catastrophe in the Pacific, an earthquake in Japan that destroyed the port of Yokohama . Further journeys led to Spitzbergen , Marseille and the Guadalquivir up to Seville . In 1930 the Fantôme II moored in Nantes after a long time, and her old captain Julien Chauvelon was invited to his former ship - now a luxury yacht. He was amazed at the magnificent "changes". In 1937 the Fantôme II sails for the coronation celebrations of George VI. to Montreal . The owner died in 1939, and the ship moved to the roadstead at Cowes , Isle of Wight for twelve years before the outbreak of war , during which it served briefly as accommodation for French officers. During a bombing , the ship suffered damage to the rigging, whereupon the ship was dismantled.
After re-sale in 1951 to Italy the conversion was followed by the training ship with Umriggung to Barkentine and additional name change. Under the name Giorgio Cini , named after the son of the new owner Count Vittorio Cini, who died in an accident in 1949 (official owner: Fondazione Giorgio Cini - Giorgio Cini Foundation ), the Barkentine sailed as a sailing training ship mainly in the Adriatic and western Mediterranean to train merchant navy cadets. It was launched in Venice in 1965 because it was considered too old to be used any longer. A renewed floatation in 1972 failed due to the costs, but the conversion to a barque was carried out in 1976. It was not until 1979 that the project in Nantes (France) could be implemented. Since the completion of the renovation and repair work in 1983, the ship with its home port of Nantes has been functioning again under its old name Belem with Barkrigg as a sailing ship for paying guests.
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Ship data
- Construction : steel hull as a well with two deckhouses in the well; Steel masts with lower masts, Marts- / Bramstenge one piece; lower frame steel, upper wood; (1979-) wheelhouse on the poop deck and long deckhouse in the well
- Rigg (1896): Barkrigg, wooden masts with mars / bram sticks, double mars , single bram racks , royal sails , mizzen mast with sticks without gaff for triangular mizzen; Steel pile bowsprit
- Rigg (1914): Bar rig with steel masts, lower masts with rods (Mars / Bramstenge one piece), double Marts, simple Bramrahen, Royalrahen, mizzen mast with rod / gaff
- Rigg (1951): Barque tent rigging, double mars, single bramrahen, royalrahen on foremast, main and mizzen masts as vertical masts with stanchions and gaffs
- Rigg (1976): Barkrigg as in 1914, slightly shorter stake nose fuel than originally
- Launched : June 10, 1896; Treaty: December 23, 1895, keel laying: December 30, 1895
- Maiden voyage : July 31, 1896 to Montevideo ( Uruguay ) and Belém ( Brazil )
- Number of decks : two continuous steel decks, plus poop and back ; top deck with wood planking
- Mast result: foremast , mainmast and mizzen (Bark and Barkentine)
- Distinguishing signal : HLPN (1896)
- Builder : Chantiers Adolphe Dubigeon, Nantes , France
- Designer: Adolphe Dubigeon
- Shipping company : Société Denis Crouan & Cie., Nantes
- other shipping companies / owner: Demange Frères (1907–1909); Société des Armateurs Coloniaux (H. Fleuriot & Cie.) (1909-1914); Hugh Grosvenor, 2nd Duke of Westminster (1914-1922); Sir Arthur E. Guinness (1922-1951); Fondazione Giorgio Cini (Vittorio Cini) (1951-1979); Fondation Belem / Société Nantaise de Navigation (since 1979)
- Home port : Nantes (1896); Southampton (1914); Dublin (1922); Venice (1951); Nantes (1979)
- other names: Fantôme II (1922); Giorgio Cini (1951), Belem (1979)
- Figurehead : no; Sign with the Brazilian national motto "Ordem e progresso" ("Order and progress", French "Ordre et progrès")
- Length over all : 58 m
- Length Galion - stern (hull length): 51 m
- Length on deck : 49.5 m
- Length between the perpendiculars (LzL, LPP) : 48 m
- Width: 8.8 m
- Room depth : 4.6 m
- Side height : 4.6 m
- Draft : 3.6 m
- Measurement : 534 GRT (gross registered tonnes) / 406 NRT (net registered tonnes)
- Displacement : 1025 t (1896) / 750 t (ship mass and cargo)
- Loading capacity / load capacity : 675 t (1896) / 400 t (1979) (1 ton = 1.016 t)
- Sail area 1896: 1,200 m² (20 sails: 10 square sails, 1 triangular mizzen without gaff, 9 staysails)
- Sail area 1914: 1,200 m² (21 sails: 10 square sails, 2 besane, 9 staysails)
- Sail area 1951: 1,000 m² (16 sails: 5 square sails, 2 main gaff sails, 2 gaff top sails, 7 staysails)
- Sail area 1976: 1,150 m² (22 sails: 10 square sails, 2 besane, 10 staysails)
- Mast height: 34 m (flag button - waterline ); 31 m (flag button - deck)
- Auxiliary machine : none; 1914 installation of diesel engines (2 × 300 HP); 1971 Installation of 2 "Fiat-Iveco" diesel engines with 300 HP per machine, 2 four-bladed propellers (Cantieri Navali e Officine Meccaniche of Venice)
- Classification : Bureau Véritas 1st rank / equivalent to + 100A1 (Lloyd's)
- First skipper : M. Lemerle (maiden voyage, 1896–1897)
- other captains: François Rioual (2nd voyage, 1897), M. Dolu (3rd – 5th row, 1897–1899), Julien Chauvelon (6th, 8th – 33rd row, 1899–1914); Le Dantec (7th-8th R., 1899-1900);
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Crew : 13 men (captain, 2nd captain (only on French ships), 2 officers, 9 seamen) (1896);
16 men (captain, 2nd captain, 2 officers, machinist, 2 cooks, boatswain, carpenter, 7 seafarers) + 48 paying guests (1979); + 60 cadets (1951) - Top speed : 9 knots with diesel engines, 12 knots under sail
- Special features: since 1979: three hydraulic capstans, 2 small amidships, a large one on the poop
Web links
- Belem Foundation
- Le trois-mâts barque Belem - the official website of Bark Belem
- Brief description with photos on sailing-ships.oktett.net
- Giorgio Cini in Marseille
- Photo of the barquentine Giorgio Cini at the exit of the Grand Canal, Venice ( JPG ) Archived from the original on July 18, 2009. Retrieved on April 22, 2017.
- The Belem is towed back to France
