Bork (Kyritz)

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Bork
City of Kyritz
Coordinates: 53 ° 1 ′ 34 "  N , 12 ° 25 ′ 48"  E
Height : 50 m
Area : 8.7 km²
Residents : 63  (December 31, 2018)
Population density : 7 inhabitants / km²
Incorporation : January 1, 1957
Incorporated into: Bork-Lellichow
Postal code : 16866
Area code : 033976
Village church in Bork
Village church in Bork

Bork is a district of the city of Kyritz in the Ostprignitz-Ruppin district (Brandenburg). The place formed from 1957 to 2002 together with the district Lellichow the municipality Bork / Lellichow , which was incorporated into the city of Kyritz and dissolved at the end of 2002. Since 2003, Bork (and also Lellichow) has been part of the city of Kyritz.

geography

Bork is located at the northern end of the Borker See , whose name is derived from the village. The Borker See is part of the Kyritz chain of lakes , a glacial meltwater channel. The Borker See (including the salt lake and Obersee) was dammed up by up to five meters in 1979 by the Dossespeicher Kyritz and has greatly increased its area. The three lakes have thus grown together to form one lake area. Bork shares a common area with Lellichow. The former district of Bork or the area of ​​today's district borders in the north on the district of Königsberg (district of Heiligengrabe), in the east on the area of ​​the Kyritz district of Lellichow and the Kyritz district of Teetz-Ganz , in the south on the area of ​​the core city Kyritz (including the Borker See), and on a very short distance to the Kyritz district of Drewen and in the west to Wutike (district of the municipality of Gumtow ). The center is about 48  m above sea level. NHN . The highest point of the district of Bork is in the north of the former district at just over 55  m above sea level. NHN . The lowest point is the lake level of the Borker See, which is about 40.5  m above sea level. NHN and 38.5  m above sea level NHN fluctuates. The Borker See mainly belongs to the core town of Kyritz and the district of Lellichow. Only the floodplain areas due to the damming are in the area of ​​the current district. The mill pond also belongs to the district of Lellichow and only reaches with a very small arm over the former Bork district.

Village plan of Bork (around 1900), from The art monuments of the Ostprignitz district from 1907

history

Bork was first mentioned as a bark in the land register of Charles IV in 1375 . The place name is derived from an aplb. Basic form * Borek or * Borky ab; it is the diminutive of alpb. * bor = coniferous forest. The name could therefore be translated as a place in the coniferous forest. In terms of the village structure, it is a round or half a round village.

At the time of the first mention, Bork belonged to the margravial Vogtei Fretzdorf (later also called Herrschaft Fretzdorf ). However, the margrave had already given most of the rights and duties to vassals.

"Bark. Dominus habet precariam super 4½ mansis et servicia super totam villam, sed vasalli ceterorum mansorum domini dicunt, quod dominus de iure servicium non deberet habere nisi super 4½ mansis predictis. Quilibet mansus dat ad Michaelis 20 den. Fire. et Walburgis 8 den. et similiter 1½ modium siliginis, 1½ modium ordei et 3 modios avene. Schultze, Landbuch, p.24. "

“Item in villa Borke 4½ mansi, quilibet 28 denarios, 1½ modium siliginis, 1½ modium ordei et 3 modios avene. Got ibidem servicium curruum. Summa: 22 grossi. Schultze, Landbuch, p.48 "

The sovereign was only entitled to the car services of the whole village and the charge of 4½ hooves. His (not named) vassals of the other Hufen claimed, however, that he was not entitled to the car services of the 4½ Hufen. Each of the 4½ hooves gave 20 Brandenburg pfennigs to Michaelis (September 29) and 8 pfennigs to Walburgis (February 25), 1½  bushels of rye, 1½ bushels of barley and three bushels of oats. The total was 22 groschen.

In 1422 robber barons from Mecklenburg burned down the church, the tower with the bells and the granaries in the churchyard. The damage was estimated at 200 shock Czech groschen. They also stole oxen and cows and household utensils; then they set fire to the houses that were full of grain at the time. The damage was estimated at 300 shock Bohemian groschen. Another claim for damages has been filed in 1427.

In 1438 the Brandenburg margrave Friedrich II enfeoffed the cousins ​​Hans, Dietrich and Henning von Klitzing with various goods, including half the village of Bork. It was a revival, i. H. the family v. Klitzing had owned these goods some time before. In the same year Friedrich II transferred the Bailiwick of Fretzdorf, later also called the Fretzdorf rule , to Bishop Konrad von Havelberg. Feudal lord of the v. Klitzing was no longer the Brandenburg Margrave, but the Bishop of Havelberg. In 1472, the Brandenburg Elector Albrecht III confirmed. the fiefs of the brothers Albert, Beteke and Lippolt and their cousins ​​Hans, Heinrich and Klaus, sons of Dietrich. He also confirmed the loan pieces going from the Bishop of Havelberg, including the entire village of Bork and its waters, the Borker See and the Stolper See (or today Obersee ). Bishop von Havelberg enfeoffed Achim von Ditte with the other half of the village. In 1470 he sold his half to the v. Klitzing on Demerthin and Drewen. In 1472 Bork is referred to as a village with a free school court. Around 1500 the village belonged to Beteke v. Klitzing on Drewen. In 1504, Bishop Johann V. von Havelberg confirmed to Engelke and Thomas von Warnstedt zu Königsberg, Fretzdorf and Kaakstedt the right to receive 2½ S. fish money from the residents of Bork every Friday from Easter to Michaelmas . In 1576 almost half of the town burned down; of 19 (or 20?) farms, eight farms were burned down. In 1558 Andreas and Dietrich von Klitzing were the collatores (patrons) of the church. In 1596 the v. Klitzing the municipality of Bork a third of the desert Feldmark Lellichow to replace the land withdrawn from the municipality of Bork. This third has merged into the Bork field mark (corresponds roughly to corridor 4 of the Bork-Lellichow district). Schulze lived in the village in 1598 (and also in 1609), he farmed two Hufen and 19 single-hoof farmers. Although there is no news from the time of the Thirty Years War , it must be assumed that the place was almost destroyed. In 1652 there was no longer any farmer resident; eleven adults lived in four fishermen's cottages.

In 1665 the von Klitzing had to sell the place to the von Platen, albeit for repurchase. In 1686 only ten of the 20 farms before the Thirty Years' War were reoccupied. The ten local farmers helped to cultivate the fields of the ten desolate farms. A total of three large fields were plowed on which the hoof division had been lost. The sowing on the ten hooves was 9 wispel 8 bushels. The quality of the arable land is described as mediocre. After all, the farmers harvested the fourth grain. In addition, there was still overgrown but unusable land. There was no Lehnschulze and no free hooves either. There was also no jug; however, a farmer occasionally poured something out. The Borkers were allowed to fish in the Borker See with the pole net. But they had to pay certain taxes to the manor owner Ulrich Christoph von Stille auf Fretzdorf. The supply of firewood was poor, and the meadows and thus the maintenance was poor. The farmers were only able to fatten pigs to a limited extent. The construction of the Lellichower mill in 1696 by the v. Platen caused a lot of trouble with the neighbors, who also claimed the mill for themselves. In the end she was transferred to the Wittstock office . It was not until 1714 that the v. Klitzing auf Demerthin and Drewen also realize the repurchase of Bork. From now on 15 farmers paid interest on the v. Klitzing on Demerthin, 5 farmers and the Lellichower mill (from 1745) the v. Klitzing on Drewen. Certainly 20 hooves are meant here or the condition before the Thirty Years War is described, because in 1719 only ten farmers, one granny and one shepherd with cattle were resident in Bork. The ten hooves were taxed at six groschen. In 1734 there are still ten farmers, but now six housebuilders, a miller (on the Lellichower or Borker mill) and a shepherd. In 1744, 94 acres of land belonged to Lellichower Mühle. The Borker Mühle was a water mill with one gear. At this time, the Bork farmers also had the third of the Feldmark Lellichow belonging to the Wittstock office on a temporary lease. In 1768, however, this field mark was withdrawn from them when the office initially had a farm and later a colony built on the field mark. In 1793, 13 fireplaces (houses) were counted in Bork, as did in 1801. In 1795, the Bork farmers had the "Schmul" corridor on the field of the desert town of Barenthin on a temporary lease. Before 1800 the proportion of v. Klitzing von Drewen to the v. Klitzing in Demerthin, because 1801 Bork belonged to Christoph Wilhelm Kaspar Friedrich von Klitzing (1754-1811) on Demerthin alone. Also in 1817 and then in 1841 only the Knighthood Councilor Ludwig v. Klitzing called on Demerthin. In 1824 he bought the small manor Kolzig in Silesia (Krs. Grüneberg).

Bork on the Urmes table sheet 2940 Blumenthal from 1841

In 1819 there were still ten farms, and a Kätner, a shepherd with cattle and a shepherd without cattle lived in the village. In the Urmes table of 1846 there were 15 houses in the village. In 1860 three public buildings, 19 residential buildings and 29 farm buildings were registered in Bork. In 1900 there were already 21 houses. In 1907 the mayor had a farm with 78 hectares, the nine other farmers had 143 hectares, 123 hectares, 123 hectares, 71 hectares, 69 hectares, 68 hectares, 63 hectares, 57 hectares and 21 hectares ha. Two other owners had a total of eight hectares. In 1911 the Bork-Lellichow volunteer fire brigade was founded. In 1931 the place already consisted of 20 houses. In 1939 most of the residents were still active in agriculture and forestry. There were five employees in industry and crafts, seven in trade and transport.

After the Second World War , 240.39 hectares were expropriated in the land reform of 1945/6 . 2.93 ha were distributed to six new farmers, 164.86 to 12 citizens and 26.35 ha to five old farmers. The rest went to the community of Bork and the Association of Mutual Farmers Aid (VdgB). In 1953 the first agricultural production cooperative (LPG) of type I "Unity" was founded in Lellichow with 16 members and 65 hectares of agricultural land. In 1955 the LPG Type III "Märkischer Sand" Bork-Lellichow was founded. In 1959 this LPG was merged with the LPGs Type III in Drewen and Wutike to form LPG Type III "United Force" based in Wutike. In 1960 the still existing LPG Type I "Unity" had 21 members with 106 hectares of usable area. In 1964 the LPG type III "United Force" was dissolved again and the LPG type III "Märkischer Sand" Bork-Lellichow was re-established. The LPG Type I “Unity” has now been connected to the LPG Type III “Märkischer Sand”. In 1978 the LPG Tierproduktion Bork-Lellichow was founded in Lellichow. In 1989 the state forestry enterprise Kyritz had a "hunting lodge" in Bork. In 1991 the LPG Tierproduktion Bork-Lellichow was in liquidation and was dissolved in 1994.

The first school was built in Bork around 1850 (Alte Schule, Borker Straße 8). In 1930, a new school was built exactly on the boundary of the municipalities of Bork and Lellichow (Old School Bork 1), which was used until 1970.

Population development from 1734 to 1946
year 1734 1772 1791 1801 1817 1837 1858 1871 1895 1910 1925 1939 1946
Residents 94 86 86 84 75 119 115 127 106 99 124 93 183

From 2003 to 2007 the bakery in Bork was built in-house.

Political and community affiliation

Bork lies in the historical landscape of the Prignitz and belonged to the Kyritzische Kreis until 1816 . In the district reform of 1817, the Prignitz was divided into two new districts; Bork came to the Ostprignitz district . During the district reform of 1952, the two previous districts were dissolved and four new districts were formed. Bork came to the Kyritz district . 1957 Lellichow was incorporated into Bork. In the course of the formation of offices in the newly formed state of Brandenburg in 1990, Bork-Lellichow merged with six other communities and the city of Kyritz to form the Kyritz office . On December 31, 2002, Bork-Lellichow was incorporated into the city of Kyritz and dissolved. Since then, Bork has been a district of Kyritz. The local advisory board consists of three members who elect the mayor from among their number.

Church affiliation

In 1422 there was a church in Bork. A few years before 1553 ("since ancient times") it was a daughter church of Wutike . From 1553 to 1557 she was cured by Rosenwinkel , in 1581 and 1600 by Drewen. In 1558 the priest had 38 bushels of rye and in 1581 41 bushels of rye. For each funeral, the blessing of the six-week-old woman and the ringing in of the bride, the pastor received one shilling. He was also entitled to the four-time penny (to be given at Easter, Whitsun, Michaelmas and Christmas), five eggs from each hoof and a sausage for Christmas. A chalice and a monstrance belonged to the church. and a piece of field that in the sixth year is about 2 schfl grains missing . The church also had the four-time penny (or just a portion?). According to a note that was supplemented in 1581, the church is said to have had a piece of land on the field of Wutike, which the Dusedows cultivated, according to the people. That should still be investigated and the field given back to the church. The village had no sexton at the time. The farmers in Drewen, however, were ordered to build a sexton's house in Bork for a sexton. In 1600 Bork had a sexton again. Everyone had to give him six shillings in wages. At that time the church owned a paten , a Roman and a green damask chasuble. The inspectors complained that the pastor could no longer show the farewell from 1581 and that the accounts were poorly kept. No income was entered in the church accounts.

In 1612 Bork was again a daughter church of Wutike, in 1652, 1775 and 1900 again by Drewen. In 1949 the parish was spun off from the parish Drewen and incorporated into the parish Wutike. The parish parish belonged to the Kyritz parish. In 1973, Bork was spun off from the parish of Wutike and assigned to the parish of Königsberg and was now part of the Wittstock parish. In 2015, Bork belonged to the Evangelical Parish Papenbruch of the Wittstock-Ruppin church district.

Monuments and sights

The list of monuments of the state of Brandenburg for the district of Ostprignitz-Ruppin lists two architectural monuments and six ground monuments in the area of ​​today's district of Bork (or the former district of Bork).

Architectural monuments

The architectural monuments designated for Bork are:

  • No. 09170521 Borker Strasse 1: village church. The Protestant church was built in 1909/1910 by the royal building officer and architect Georg Büttner . The patron saint was Adda von Klitzing auf Demerthin, who contributed 40% of the construction costs. The brick building replaced an older half-timbered hall church with a rectangular plank tower over the western part from 1664. Two cabinet disks are dated 1664 and come from the old church. The current church was restored in 1993.
  • Nr.09171048 Old School: Old School Bork 1 (joint school from Bork and Lellichow from 1930)
  • Nr.09170522 Old School: Borker Straße 8 (previous building of the joint school of Bork and Lellichow)

Soil monuments

The archaeological monuments in the area of ​​the Bork district are:

  • No.100030 Corridor 2: the village center of the Middle Ages, and the village center of the modern era
  • No.100161 Hall 4,7: a settlement of prehistory and early history
  • 100162 Hall 3: a settlement of prehistory and early history
  • Nr.100163 Corridor 3: a settlement of prehistory and early history
  • Nr.100165 Hall 1,7: a mill of the German Middle Ages, a mill of the modern times (Borker Mühle)
  • No.100160 Hall 4.8: a rampart from the Slavic Middle Ages

Mühlenteich nature reserve

The smaller part of the Mühlenteich nature reserve belongs to the Bork district ; the greater part lies in the area of ​​the district Lellichow. The nature reserve is part of a glacial meltwater channel that continues in the south into the Kyritz chain of lakes . The eponymous mill pond and wetlands are located in the nature reserve along the Klempnitz , which flows into the mill pond. At the outlet of the Klempnitz from the mill pond was the now defunct Borker Mühle (formerly also called Lellichower Mühle).

Persons connected to Bork

supporting documents

literature

  • Heinrich Karl Wilhelm Berghaus : Land book of the Mark Brandenburg and the Markgrafthum Nieder-Lausitz in the middle of the 19th century; or geographical-historical-statistical description of the Province of Brandenburg, at the instigation of the State Minister and Upper President Flottwell. First volume. 684 p., Printed and published by Adolph Müller, Brandenburg 1854 (hereinafter abbreviated to Berghaus, Landbuch, I with corresponding page number).
  • Historical Gazetteer Brandenburg - Part 1 - Prignitz - A-M . Modifications made by Lieselott Enders . In: Klaus Neitmann (Ed.): Publications of the Brandenburgisches Landeshauptarchiv (State Archive Potsdam) - Volume 3 . Founded by Friedrich Beck . Publishing house Klaus-D. Becker, Potsdam 2012, ISBN 978-3-88372-032-6 , pp. 83 ff .
  • Victor Herold : The Brandenburg church visitation farewells and registers of the 16th and 17th centuries: The Prignitz. Issue 1–7, Berlin, in the Kommissionsverlag von Gsellius, 1928–31 (hereinafter abbreviated to Herold, Farewells with corresponding page number)
  • Georg Wilhelm von Raumer: Codex diplomaticus Brandenburgensis continuatus: Collection of unprinted documents on the history of Brandenburg. Volume 1. IV, 315 pp., Berlin, Nicolai, 1831 (hereinafter abbreviated to Raumer Codex Diplomaticus Brandenburgensis, 1 with corresponding page number)
  • Johannes Schultze : The land book of the Mark Brandenburg from 1375. Brandenburg land books volume 2. 470 p., Commission publisher by Gsellius, Berlin 1940 (p. 47/8)

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Main Statute of the Hanseatic City of Kyritz from October 1, 2014 PDF
  2. ↑ Irrigation: When three lakes drowned in the floods. The flatland storage facility in Stolpe was handed over 30 years ago. Märkische Allgemeine from March 16, 2009 PDF
  3. ^ Sophie Wauer: Brandenburgisches Namenbuch. Part 6 The place names of the Prignitz. 481 p., Weimar, Hermann Böhlaus successor, 1989 (p.66).
  4. ^ A b Paul Eichholz, Friedrich Solger , Willy Spatz: Die Kunstdenkmäler des Kreis Ostprignitz (The art monuments of the province of Brandenburg; Volume 1, Issue 2 Ostprignitz, editor: Georg Büttner). 312 pp., Berlin, self-published. d. Provincial Association, 1907.
  5. ^ A b Enders & Neitmann, Historisches Ortslexikon für Brandenburg, Prignitz, pp. 491–494.
  6. ^ Adolph Friedrich Johann Riedel: Codex Diplomaticus Brandenburgensis B. Second main part or collection of documents for the history of foreign affairs, 4th volume. 500 S., Berlin, FH Morin 1847 Online at Google Books
  7. ↑ Adolph Friedrich Johann Riedel : Codex Diplomaticus Brandenburgensis Collection of documents, chronicles and other sources for the history of the Mark Brandenburg and its rulers. A. First main part or collection of documents for local and special regional history, Volume 3. 512 p., Berlin, Reimer 1844 Online at Google Books (p. 433)
  8. ↑ Raumer Codex Diplomaticus Brandenburgensis, 1, p.106 Online at Google Books (p.106)
  9. ↑ Adolph Friedrich Johann Riedel: Codex Diplomaticus Brandenburgensis Collection of documents, chronicles and other sources for the history of the Mark Brandenburg and its rulers. A. First main part or collection of documents for local and special regional history, Volume 3. 512 p., Berlin, Reimer 1844 Online at Google Books (p. 469)
  10. ↑ Adolph Friedrich Johann Riedel: Codex Diplomaticus Brandenburgensis A. First main part or collection of documents on the history of the spiritual foundations, the noble families, as well as the towns and castles of the Mark Brandenburg, XXV. Tape. 500 S., Berlin, Reimer 1856 Online at Google Books (p. 107)
  11. ↑ a b Herold, Farewells, p.75 / 6
  12. ^ Berghaus, Landbuch, I, p. 677.
  13. ^ Friedrich Wilhelm August Bratring: Statistical-topographical description of the entire Mark Brandenburg. First volume. The general introduction to the Kurmark, containing the Altmark and Prignitz. XVIII, 494 S., Berlin, Maurer, 1804 Online at Google Books .
  14. ↑ Ortschafts = directory of the government = district of Potsdam according to the latest district division from 1817, with a note of the district to which the place previously belonged, the quality, number of people, confession, ecclesiastical circumstances, owner and address, along with an alphabetical register. Berlin, Georg Decker Online at Google Books .
  15. ↑ August von Sellentin: Topographical-statistical overview of the government district of Potsdam and the city of Berlin: Compiled from official sources. 292 pp., Verlag der Sander'schen Buchhandlung, 1841.
  16. ↑ The history of the Kolzig rule in Lower Silesia by Dirk Habermann
  17. ↑ a b Ortschronik Bork on www.kyritzer-seenkette.de ( Memento of the original from November 21, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.kyritzer-seenkette.de
  18. ↑ Contribution to the statistics of the State Office for Data Processing and Statistics. Historical community directory of the State of Brandenburg 1875 to 2005 October 19, district of Ostprignitz-Ruppin PDF
  19. ↑ Herold, Farewells, 95/6
  20. ↑ Evangelical parish area Papenbruch church district Wittstock-Ruppin
  21. ↑ List of monuments of the state of Brandenburg: Landkreis Ostprignitz-Ruppin (PDF) Brandenburg State Office for Monument Preservation and State Archaeological Museum
  22. ↑ Bork village church - website of Dr. Peter Brodde (picture!)
  23. ↑ Ordinance on the “Mühlenteich” nature reserve of July 24, 2002

Web links

Commons : Bork  - collection of images, videos and audio files