Buchhagen
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Buchhagen
City of Bodenwerder
Coordinates: 51 ° 58 ′ 39 ″ N , 9 ° 32 ′ 50 ″ E
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| Height : | 100 m | |
| Residents : | 37 | |
| Incorporation : | 1st January 1973 | |
| Postal code : | 37619 | |
| Area code : | 05533 | |
Location of Buchhagen in Lower Saxony |
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Buchhagen is a district of the small town of Bodenwerder in the Holzminden district in Lower Saxony . Until 1832 the place belonged with 14 other villages to the Niederbörde of the Wickensen office . Buchhagen is the last of the original Hägerdorfer, which was widely used as a type of settlement, especially in the East German settlement .
geography
The place is located two kilometers east of the core area of Bodenwerder on the county road K 17. In the middle of the place flowed the Mühlgraben , which no longer has any water. The Lenne , a right tributary of the Weser, flows north of the village .
Forms and origin of names
The place was designated as Borkhagen in 1291, as Bochaghen in 1304, as Boickhagen in 1545 and as Bochhaghen in 1650. The name refers to a settlement of the Hague, which probably existed as early as the early 12th century. The first farmsteads were demarcated with hornbeams . The name Hagebuche is derived from the Old High German "haganbuoche", where hag means "fence", " hedge ". The hornbeam is only externally similar to the common beech in size, shape, bark and nerve pattern of the leaves. Both tree species are completely different in terms of habit and fruits. The hornbeam is characterized by excellent cutting ability, which is why it can be shaped into hedges. Planted as a forest, it is referred to as hornbeam , which is where the term grove "small forest" comes from as a word for Hag .
history
middle Ages
May 16, 1108 was given as the date for the collection of Flemings in Merseburg, who wanted to make themselves available to settle in the eastern regions of the Holy Roman Empire, which at that time were still partly Slavic . After devastating storm surges in their own country, the Flemings gladly accepted new settlement areas. On May 30, 1108, the German King and later Emperor Heinrich V was demonstrably present in Merseburg . The Archbishop of Magdeburg Adalgod von Osterburg (1107 to 1119) and Bishop Walram of Naumburg (1091 to 1111) had advertised the new settlers in the "Epistola pro auxilio adversus paganos" . The recipients of the letter included Count Robert II of Flanders (1093 to 1111), the bishops of Flanders and Lorraine and the Flemish clergymen Bertulf, Lambert and Tankred, but also the then important Halberstadt Bishop Reinhard von Blankenburg and the other Saxon bishops , including Bishop Udo von Hildesheim (1079 to 1114). According to a document from the Archbishopric of Magdeburg, it was advertised that the country was richly blessed with meat, honey and flour (“sed terra eorum optima carne, melle, farina”). The letter went on to say: "... you glorious Flanders, conquerors of the world, here you can save your souls and - if you want - get the best land to settle."
Nevertheless, because of the still very uncertain general security situation for new settlers in the eastern parts of the empire still inhabited by Slavs, no significant use was made of this offer and instead the interest of the Flemings in settlements in the old settlements of Saxony became clear. This interest steered Bishop Udo von Hildesheim in new directions and campaigned for the Flemings to colonize the then undeveloped forest areas in the Weser and Leinebergland, especially the Vogler near Eschershausen. Their rights were laid down in the "Eschershausen Hägerrecht". This Häger colonization became a very successful model and spread in a slightly different form from the Taunus via Western Pomerania even to Eastern Europe and thus preceded the establishment of German cities in the east. However, almost all of the Hägerhufensiedlung in the original area around Eschershausen fell into desolation again. Today one assumes at least 30 deserted areas in this area (Hagen, Langenhagen, Hillekenhagen, Wiehagen, Itzhagen, Nienhagen, Altenhagen and other Hägerdörfer without the designation -hagen). Only Buchhagen is a still existing Hägerort, but without the original Hägerhufenflur, which was lost due to the concentration of land in a few hands and farms. Heinrichshagen, on the other hand, is not a Hägerhufensiedlung. The name of the village goes back to a "Waldhagen". Presumably it is a late foundation by Duke Heinrich II of Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel (1514–1568). The Waldhagen received the name of the duke.
Another group of Dutch people looking for land began at the same time at the beginning of the 12th century with the elder colonization of the marshland of the Weser and Elbe, threatened by storm surges . After the archbishopric of Lund was founded (1104), Archbishop Friedrich I of Bremen, who was now hindered in his expansion plans, brought them to his monastery for internal colonization, and there they probably established new marshland villages from 1113 (according to other sources from 1106) .
The first documented residents of the village of Buchhagen come from the von Hake family . Evidently since 1256, they were mainly resident in the Calenberger Land and had owned the "Bochaghen" as a feudal property from the Bishop of Minden (then Gottfried von Waldeck , 1304–1324) since the beginning of the 14th century . In 1460, the Hakes von Metteke von Bokhagen, a daughter of Hinrich Bokhagen, who had died at the time, bought her genetic material for 11 Rhenish guilders and a lifelong pension of 3 malters of rye annually. The contract was signed "uppe dem Thy to Brake", the Thingplatz in Kirchbrak , and was later confirmed as a judicial purchase contract in front of the Gogreven Crassebergh in Bodenwerder.
Modern times
Originally there were only Hägerhöfe in Buchhagen, but these have increasingly forfeited their rights since the time of the German Peasants' War . In 1545 there were therefore only two Hägerhöfe (Cordt Nett and Hans Reinbrecht), plus Cordt Henzen's sheep farm and Bartoldt Sander, a half- horse. In 1580 the first Hägerhof was transferred to Heinrich Neten, otherwise the ownership structure had not changed. This year, for the first time, two Köther women were recorded (Margarete Schaeffers and the so-called Blenksche). In 1625 - in the middle of the Thirty Years' War - one of the Hägerhof farms was transferred to Christoph Sander, a descendant of the half-Spaniard Bartoldt Sander - the other to a Heinrich Münchemeyer (the Münchemeyers can be found in Höxter, among others). Half-horse that year was again a Bartoldt Sander, who had inherited not only the homestead but also the name from his ancestor. At that time Hartmann and Bartold Meyer and Adam Wilhelm lived in Buchhagen as Köther. The Hägerhof families Nett / Neten and Reinbrecht had disappeared from Buchhagen in the turmoil of time. Two years after the end of the Thirty Years' War, in 1650 another complete turnaround was recorded. Only one Hägerhof had survived, which now belonged to a Hans Batzen (Batßen). The Münchemeyers had disappeared from Buchhagen again. At the time, the Halbspännerhof was owned by Bertrambs Sanders' widow, apparently no male heir had survived the long war. In addition to Adam Wilhelm as Köther, there was also a change here with the new Köther Curdt Flöter.
At the same time as this development, the von Hake family grew up there. So the Hakes were already at the beginning of the records of the Wickens inheritance register in 1545 with Ernst Hake landlord of all farms in Buchhagen. In 1580 this was his son Hartung Hake. Until the end of the 17th century, the family was referred to only by the name Hake. Her coat of arms shows two hooks facing away from each other in a shield. It can still be found in the church in Kirchbrak at the altar and on various gravestones there, and also in Buchhagen itself on a barn building from 1772. After the two Hägerhöfe (formerly Münchemeyer and formerly Batßen) after 1650 (at that time called Meierhöfe with Hägerrecht) by the Hakes there were only four farms in 1760:
- 1. Grove, Andreas, half-horse, fire insurance no. 1
- 2. Grove, Ernst Heinrich, Großköther, Brandvers.-Nr. 2 (as an interim for Heinrich Harm Warneke)
- 3. Meyer, Hans Harm, Großköther, Brandvers.-Nr. 3
- 4. von Hake, Geh.-Rat, Vollmeyer, Brandvers.-Nr. 4th
The court ate. No. 1 belonged to Hinrich Grove in 1663, although it is not known how he came into possession of the same. The Hakesche Chronik reports of ongoing disputes with the then new owner of the farm, who apparently already arrived there with his family, since his successor was born in 1662. In 1664 Hinrich Grove had "killed noble sheep" which were grazing on the land he claimed. In 1677 the dispute over a few acres of grazing justice landed again in court. Hinrich Grove was repeatedly sentenced to fines or imprisonment in these disputes. Overall, however, he founded a rural dynasty in Buchhagen. Six further generations can be traced in succession, with a son of the predecessor always succeeding: Harmen Grove (lived from 1662 to 1719), Andreas Grove (1694 to 1762), Johann Caspar Grove (1726 to 1792), Johann Heinrich Christoph Grove (1779 to 1849), Christoph Friedrich Wilhelm Grove (1820 to 1869) and Wilhelm Friedrich August Grove (1849 to 1881).
The court ate. No. 2 was owned by Johann Warneke from Halle (Weserbergland) in 1686 , who in that year married Catharina Maria Grove, a daughter of Hinrich Grove, and maintained the family by running the so-called Kleinkothhof. His son Johann Hinrich Warneke, born in 1706, married Ilse Cathrina Sieven in 1726, who died in 1738. The widower immediately married Catharina Maria Bock, but died three weeks later. The widow married Ernst Hinrich (also Heinrich) Grove in 1739, a son from the third marriage of Hinrich Grove. Ernst Hinrich Grove was first referred to as Krüger and thus founded the restaurant in Buchhagen, but was only an interim, because Heinrich Harm Warneke took over his inheritance when he came of age and married Marie Grupe from Dielmissen in 1762 .
Ate the yard. No. 3, which only had 6 acres of land, lived in 1545 and 1580 by the half-span man Bartold (also Bartoldt) Sander (also Sanders), and in 1580 together with the co-worker Margarethe (also Margarete) Schaeffers. In 1625 the farm was in the hands of Hartmann and Bartold Meyer, in 1650 Curdt Flöter cultivated the land. A daughter of Curdt Flöter married Hans Grotehem, and his daughter married Hans Heinrich Meier, who founded a new dynasty in Buchhagen (there is no connection to the Meyers of 1625). His son Hans Harm Meier (also Meyer) founded this long family tradition as the first master cooper in Buchhagen.
All the lands together made the size of 216 acres . The von Hakes at Hasperde Castle were entitled to the tenth of 155 acres, and the parish of Bodenwerder the tenth of 52 acres. 10 acres of rottland were tithe free. The tithe was to be paid "in kind" from all the fruits of the field. The von Hakesche Schäferei with its 200 to 250 sheep had the right to guard not only on the Buchhager but also on the Linser Feldmark from the end of Bartholomae (end of August) to Liebfrauentag (beginning of December). All Buchhag forests with 681 acres also belonged to the Hakeschen lands. As a result, the von Hakes were also entitled to the lower hunt, while the sovereign had reserved the shelf for the higher hunt. The fields in the Lennetal were still classified as relatively good, while those on the mountain slopes were described as stony and barely two fingers high with good soil. That is why cattle breeding was also described as not special, but still adequate. In years with good weather, the following yields could be achieved at that time: rye fourfold, oats two to three and a half times, barley two times, peas two and a half times, three himbs of flax yield about 30 bundles of flax. The cultivation and processing of the flax, among other things into peasant linen , was a typical source of secondary income for the region.
Post connection
For the first time in 1686, Eschershausen was reported to have had a post office operated by the Imperial Imperial Post , which is said to have existed until 1790. The operators of the Imperial Post Office were members of the Taxis family , who changed their name to Thurn und Taxis from 1650 with the approval of the Kaiser and provided postmaster general without interruption . The head office was in Brussels , the capital of the Spanish Netherlands, until 1701 , but was relocated to Frankfurt during the War of the Spanish Succession and to Regensburg in 1748 . Only with the laying down of the imperial crown in 1806 by Emperor Franz II and the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire did the Imperial Post Office end. A post office set up in 1743 from Braunschweig to Holzminden via Seesen, Gandersheim and Eschershausen was used to supply mail, even for places without a post office.
Since 1804, before the Westphalian occupation (1808–1813), there was a post office in Eschershausen. Here the letters were collected and given to the mail that passed through. Around 1810 the one-liner "Eschershausen" was used.
The road between Einbeck - Eschershausen - Hameln also leads through Halle on the Weser . An extra post ran on this street since 1777 .
Halle in the Kingdom of Westphalia , in the department of the Leine in the Einbeck district, is listed in the " Directory of all Westphalian post offices " from October 19, 1810 as a postal expedition.
Buchhagen belonged to the post-expedition to Halle ad Weser, which was set up on March 24, 1850 and which “took place on 1.4. c was transferred to the merchant Godelmann ”. This name can be found in the address books until 1875 as Eduard Godelmann (1850–1875). The "Braunschweigische announcements" report on June 18, 1867 that the country mail carriers go from Halle on the Weser to Kriepke, Heyen (ferry house) Thran, Linse and Buchhagen as well as to Dohnse, on to Hunzen and Tuchfeld and to Wegensen.
Between 1863 and 1885, the postman Ludwig Hundertmark is still mentioned in the address book; there will have been a post office here for changing horses.
Since the opening in 1850, a two-circle stamp with the location “Halle A / Weser”, on which the date was to be entered by hand, has been known. From 1854 a rectangular stamp with the date and time is posted. The rust-diamond stamp with the number "18" was used to cancel the postage stamps .
Eduard Godelmann is again listed as head of the post office in 1876, this time as post administrator (1876–1884). There was also an Eduard Godelmann (1885–1895) in the post office into which the post office was converted, this time as a post agent. His successor was Hermann Kleinhaus (1896–1916) as postal administrator, and in 1912 appointed postal secretary.
Religions
Buchhagen is a parish in the Protestant parish Kirchbrak, although it is closer to Bodenwerder. The background to this is Buchhagen's former affiliation to the Principality of Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel , while Bodenwerder was part of the Principality of Calenberg . Corinna Engelmann is currently the pastor there.
Buchhagen also belongs to the Catholic parish Maria Königin (Bodenwerder) with the Holy Family Eschershausen and the Holy Heart of Jesus Stadtoldendorf, who are looked after by the Polish priest Jan Lacki.
In the village is the German Orthodox Trinity Monastery with a small German monastic community under Abbot Johannes Pfeiffer. In addition, the archimandrite Symeon works here as a priest.
Population development
In the last few decades, the population of the quiet place with no great job opportunities has decreased from 68 to currently 37 people.
Attractions
In the forest above Buchhagen the German Orthodox Trinity Monastery, one is monk monastery . It was founded on October 3, 1990, the day of German reunification , and the monks moved into it at Easter 1992. After the monastery was consecrated by the Bulgarian Orthodox Metropolitan Symeon in 1994, the crypt was consecrated for public worship in 1996. The architecture is based on the Byzantine monastery architecture and is mixed with the Weser Romanesque ( Corvey Monastery and others) in order to meet the demands of a German Orthodox Church in addition to the maintenance of the German chant, not only in the spiritual but also in the material .
literature
- EFC by Hake: Hakesche Chronik. 1784.
- Robert Rustenbach: Häger and Häger courts in the Brunswick Weserland. Hahnsche Buchhandlung, Hanover 1903.
- G. Oehr: Rural conditions in the Duchy of Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel in the 16th century. Dissertation, Berlin 1903.
- Karl Steinacker: The architectural and art monuments of the Holzminden district. Wolfenbüttel 1907.
- Helmut Jäger (ed.): Methodical handbook for local history research in Lower Saxony. Lax publishing house, Hildesheim 1965.
- Hans Hölscher: Buchhagen. The story of a village in Vogler. Part 1: The von Hakesche manor. Self-published by the author, Kirchbrak 1995.
- Hans Hölscher: Buchhagen. The story of a village in Vogler. Part 2: From the history of three courtyards and the monastery. Self-published by the author, Kirchbrak 1996.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Document B. d. Erzstiftes Magdeburg I 193, p. 251, quoted from: Friedrich Lotter: The conception of the Wendenkreuzzug. History of ideas, canonical law and historical-political prerequisites for the missionary work of Elbe and Baltic Sea Slavs around the middle of the 12th century. Jan Thorbecke, Sigmaringen 1977, ISBN 3-7995-6683-X ( Konstanz Working Group for Medieval History. Lectures and Research. Special Vol. 23), p. 60.
- ↑ cf. Wendenkreuzzug # First conception of a Wendenkreuzzug 1107/08
- ↑ Website of the Eschershausen Settler Association: Section “City Chronicle” ( Memento of the original from September 22, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (accessed June 14, 2015)
- ^ Friedrich August Gustav Adolph Freiherr von Hake: History of the baron family von Hake in Lower Saxony (Hanover-Braunschweig). Verlag C. W. Niemeyer, o. O. 1887, p. 96.
- ↑ Wickens Hereditary Register from 1545 to 1650
- ↑ Description of the village in the Braunschweig national survey of 1760.
- ↑ Hans Hölscher: Buchhagen. The story of a village in Vogler. Part 2: From the history of three courtyards and the monastery. Self-published by the author, Kirchbrak July 1996
- ↑ Kirchbrak Ortssippenbuch No. 478
- ^ Website of the Protestant parish Bodenwerder-Kemnade
- ^ Website of the Roman Catholic parish Maria Queen Bodenwerder with the Holy Family Eschershausen and Hl. Herz Jesu Stadtoldendorf
