Marburg fraternity Rhine Franconia

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The Marburger Burschenschaft Rheinfranken is a mandatory student union in the Hessian university town of Marburg . It was founded in 1880 as the “Academic Association for Students of Modern Philology in Marburg” and received its current name in 1925 when it was accepted into the German Burschenschaft .

General

The Marburger Burschenschaft Rheinfranken is a mandatory student union. Its members must have fought at least two valid or drawing racket games. The motto of the fraternity is "Fatherland - Friendship - Honor". In 2009 it consisted of 195 members as well as the Circle of Friends, whereby the members are divided into the Aktivitas (students on site) and the old gentlemen's association. Patrons , sponsors and companions come together in the Circle of Friends .

Only male German students who have not refused military service are accepted into the fraternity .

history

Foundation phase

Time, name and history table of today's Marburg Burschenschaft Rheinfranken

The Marburg Rhine Franconia go back to the " Philological-Historical Association " founded in 1878 . From this emerged on May 13, 1880 the “Academic Association for Students of Modern Philology in Marburg”, from which today's Marburg Burschenschaft Rheinfranken emerged. Among the founding members were some students of the Marburg professor for Romance philology Edmund Max Stengel . The purpose of the association was to raise the scientific interest and to maintain sociability among the students of modern philology . Activities included lecture evenings and the student pub . A few months after its founding, the association became a member of the Cartell Association of neuphilological associations at German universities , later the Weimar Cartel Association .

Circle of the "Societas Philologorum Recentium"

In 1881 the association took on today's colors with coat of arms and compasses. The colors black-silver-blue are based on the official costume of the professors of the faculty at the time, who wore black gowns with blue facings and silver buttons. The circle shows the intertwined letters S – P – R, which are an abbreviation for the Latin name of the association “Societas Philologorum Recentium”. The club was initially not hitting. In 1890 it was renamed “Academic-Neuphilological Association”. Gradually, corporate tendencies developed, such as the division into foxes , active and inactive boys and old men up to the turn of the century . Since 1890 it was allowed to wear beer and wine tips in the club colors. From 1896 it became mandatory. The club now became more political. Since 1893 there was an obligation to attend racket courses. From 1910 saber courses became compulsory. The association followed the then common principle of unconditional satisfaction . The saber was recognized as a student honor weapon.

Germanists, historians and classical philologists were noticeably accepted into the association, which is why in 1908 the name was changed to "Academic-Philological Association". The club was a guest in the Turnergarten until 1908, later the Marburg city halls served as a new traffic bar . In 1913 the company acquired its own property in today's Kaffweg.

Weimar Republic

In 1920 the association gave itself the name "Scientific Connection Rheinfranken". In the following year, Rheinfranken took on the unsuccessful "Philological-Historical Association", which in 1910 had renamed itself "Scientific Association Hercynia" and, like Rheinfranken, was a member of the Göttingen cartel , and on January 1, 1922, changed its name to "Association Rheinfranken".

The Marburg students and their associations experienced increased politicization in the 1920s. Many of them also took part in armed conflicts. The Marburg student corps (StuKoMa) existed in Marburg with twelve companies and around 1,800 members, around half of whom were former World War II officers. Equipped by the Reichswehr, it had numerous illegal weapons stores. In 1920, the Marburg student units were deployed on behalf of the SPD Minister Gustav Noske in the wake of the Kapp Putsch in Thuringia to suppress the local workers' resistance. On March 25, 1920 members of the corps shot fifteen unarmed workers from the village of Thal “on the run” who had been arrested as alleged “ringleaders”. Other prisoners were severely ill-treated. The killing of the fifteen (" Mechterstädt murders ") and the mistreatment, as well as the subsequent three trials - one before the Reichsgericht, all of which ended in acquittals - sparked great outrage across the country. The students were also used as strike breakers in the brown coal mine near Höhn on the Westerwald. After the disarmament and dissolution of the military replacement organizations demanded by the Allies, the StuKoMa continued to exist illegally for years as part of the “ Organization Escherich ” (Orgesch), a right-wing extremist paramilitary organization. It formed its core force for West Germany. From Marburg it promoted the formation of paramilitary formations in the surrounding area. The Rheinfranken fraternity is consciously committed to this tradition in a public declaration today.

The students who beat Marburg thus corresponded to the general picture: the majority of the fraternity students adhered to ethnic, anti-Semitic nationalism, despised the democratic republic and cultivated the “national community”. Although there were differences to explicitly National Socialist students, the political and ideological similarities predominated.

The members of the association, who called themselves Federal Brother among themselves (and still call themselves today), submitted an application for admission to the German fraternity in 1924 . This was initially rejected at the Boys' Day in Danzig .

With the acquisition of a building plot in Lutherstrasse in 1925 by the old gentlemen's association, the construction of a connecting house began . At the Burschentag in Eisenach on May 31, 1925, the Rhine Franks were accepted as a rehearsal member of the German fraternity. The association now changed its name to "Marburger Burschenschaft Rheinfranken". In 1927 the fraternity was accepted as a full member of the German fraternity.

In 1927 the "Rheinfrankenhaus" could also be moved into. With the increasing number of students as a result of the global economic crisis , the fraternity grew. During this time, an average of 40 to 50 members per semester or per trimester were accepted.

National Socialism

On November 6, 1935, the Rheinfranken fraternity was transferred to a comradeship of the NSDStB at a public ceremony at the same time as six other local connections . The old gentlemen's association continued to exist under the name "Comradeship Knight von Schönerer ".

With the outbreak of the Second World War in 1939, the federal government came to an end for the time being. Numerous members who were still able to take the so-called “Notexamen” in Marburg had to go to the front. In 1942 the study was stopped.

After the end of National Socialism

The Allies banned student corporations as NS-affiliated associations. Like most corporation houses, the Rhine Hospital was also confiscated by the US military government. The fraternity house became a pharmacy with a drug store. Despite the ban, people met secretly in the basement of the pharmacy.

With the consent of the occupation authorities, the “Student Wanderclub Marburg” was founded in the winter semester of 1947/48, which the former old men of the “Marburg Burschenschaft Rheinfranken” joined again. The first post-war foundation festival took place in 1948 . Soon the old gentlemen's association was able to be re-established, initially under the name “Association of former Rheinfranken”, later under the name “Student Association Rheinfranken”. The legal succession was established and a long-term legal dispute began over the return of the Rhine hospital, which was now administered by the state of Hesse. The complete return takes place in 1953.

The “Marburger Burschenschaft Rheinfranken” was re-established at the same time as that of the umbrella association of the German Burschenschaft. On June 16 and 17, 1950, the first boys' day after National Socialism took place in Marburg. In 1950 the Hercynia Marburg fraternity and the Rhine Franconia merged. Hercynia Marburg was founded in 1929 and emerged from the Clausthaler Burschenschaft Allemania (founded on April 20, 1922) and the Sigambria Burschenschaft (founded on November 6, 1889). Since 1952, the members of the Rhine Franconia were allowed to appear in public again in color . In the same year, the determination of censorship was reintroduced and the Rhine Franconians joined the Marburger Waffenring .

Recent time

With the emergence of new social movements in the 1960s and 70s, the relationships of opinion and the political balance of power in the West German student bodies changed fundamentally. Fraternity groups were marginalized, as were generally right-wing student associations. In their former stronghold of Marburg, the Socialist University Association (SHB) and MSB Spartakus now determined the atmosphere in the student body and the politics of the General Student Committee . The Rhine Franconians subsequently joined the “New Landau Circle”, which was founded during the Burschentag in Landau in 1969, from which the “Marburger Ring” later developed.

In the 1980s the membership increased again. Fencing and compulsory censorship were reintroduced.

Rheinfranken members were among the founders of the Marburg section of the Republican University Association (RHV). A member of RHV and Republicans was Björn Clemens , a Rhine-Franconian who was at times the party's deputy chairman.

In the association year 2000/01 Rheinfranken took over the chairmanship of the German fraternity.

To today's political self-image

The Rheinfranken fraternity sees itself as a political connection, ie its members are expected to be politically active. The maxim (“motto”) “ Honor! - freedom! - Fatherland! “Give expression. This is associated with "active patriotism". By this one understands the endeavor for the "free development of the German nationality ". “German Volkstum” has a folkish content based on ius sanguinis (“Blood Law”). Accordingly, the “German fatherland” is not defined by “state and political borders”. Rather, it includes territories outside the Federal Republic of Germany such as South Tyrol, Austria or Transylvania (Romania), in which members of a national collective lived across borders, which is imagined as a kinship association and a "community". They are all more common, namely biological-genealogical descent (filiation) , which is regarded as “German” . This idea of ​​togetherness across state borders, which is bound to the metaphor of common blood, is also underlined by the explicit adherence to the singing of the first two stanzas of the Deutschlandlied .

The Rhine Franconians still adopt the positions of the German fraternity formulated in the 1980s and 90s on "Germanness" and "Volksgemeinschaft".

  • “People” is understood to mean a “community” that is to be protected from “alienation” by internal critics and, above all, from “foreign infiltration” by immigrants. This does not apply to immigrants who "have the same historical fate, the same culture, related customs and the same language" of the national community (such as Volga or Namibia Germans). They are "ethnic Germans".
  • The danger had to be countered that the Federal Republic of Germany would lose its status as a German state.
  • Therefore, the principle of descent as a prerequisite for granting German citizenship should not be abandoned.

Her understanding of history ("historical awareness") is based on two points in her public statements:

  • She refuses to see a "Liberation Day" on May 8, 1945. The "day of surrender" is "a day of reflection, remembrance and mourning."
  • She rejects the rehabilitation of Wehrmacht members who refused to participate in the war of aggression (“deserters and disintegrators”), and reparations for them and their families.

The political activity of its members takes place on the one hand within the framework of the German fraternity . Every semester, so-called “fraternity lecture evenings” are held in the Rhine hospital as scientific lectures and political discussions .

Controversial lecture evenings

Numerous well-known political and ideological representatives of right-wing extremism or from the preceding transition field were invited such as Dietrich Gerwin (1994), Dirk Bavendamm (2007), Rigolf Hennig (2000), Paul Latussek (temporarily BfB , 2004), Manfred Rouhs ( Pro Germany ) , Franz Schönhuber (2001), Franz Uhle-Wettler , Horst Mahler (1999), Martin Hohmann (formerly CDU, 2000), Volkmar Weiss , Lutz Weinzinger (FPÖ), Andreas Mölzer (FPÖ, 2005), Martin Graf (FPÖ, 2008 ), Barbara Rosenkranz (FPÖ, 2010), as well as the new right journalists Karlheinz Weißmann and Manuel Ochsenreiter.

The appearance of Dietrich Gerwin represented a high point in the public perception. He claimed a “declaration of war by world Jewry on Germany” and repeatedly recommended the audience to read the book “Auschwitz-Mythos” by Holocaust denier Wilhelm Stagh .

Furthermore, there were occasional lectures from the conservative part of the CDU ( Wolfgang Bosbach , 2007, Erika Steinbach , 2003), once also by Ignatz Bubis (1998) , the chairman of the Central Council of Jews in Germany . While the speeches of well-known participants such as Horst Mahler, Franz Schönhuber or Barbara Rosenkranz are usually documented in the content on the fraternity's website, the contribution to Bubis only consists of a few still photos. In a statement to its speakers in 2000, the fraternity announced that "in the past this included innocent citizens and personalities such as Ignatz Bubis."

more comments

The fraternity distributed in 1993 a leaflet on the occasion of the 70th anniversary of the death of the account bombings and other acts of sabotage by a French military court sentenced to death and 1,923 executed free corps members Albert Leo Schlageter , in 1922 a Nazi front organization had joined and became a "Nazi stylite". The “early National Socialist” (Hans Mommsen) was “ the martyr in the Ruhr struggle” of the “fatherland camp” (DNVP, NSDAP, Stahlhelm, etc.). In the leaflet, the Rhine Franconians declared that they saw Schlageter as a “role model for German youth”. He stands "under the sign of sacrifice for his fatherland, the national community , for values ​​that seem long forgotten".

The fraternity also took part in public rallies, for example against the Wehrmacht exhibition .

Against such a background, the NPD functionary and fraternity member Jürgen W. Gansel recommended that students organize themselves in Marburg with the Rhine Franconians as far as fraternities were concerned. A spokesman for the fraternity and member of the CDU referred to the general political self-image of fraternities. In the case of the Rhine Franconians, it is non-partisan, but "probably best described with the term 'German national'."

Known members

Membership directory :

  • Willy Nolte (Ed.): Burschenschafter Stammrolle. Directory of the members of the German Burschenschaft according to the status of the summer semester 1934. Berlin 1934. P. 1075-1076.

literature

  • AHV Marburger Burschenschaft Rheinfranken e. V. (Ed.): From the Societas Philologorum Recentium to the Marburg Burschenschaft Rheinfranken - 125 years: 1880–2005 , 2005
  • AHV Marburger Burschenschaft Rheinfranken e. V. (Ed.): On the history of the Marburg Burschenschaft Rheinfranken 1880–1930 , 1932
  • AHV Marburger Burschenschaft Rheinfranken e. V. (Ed.): Directory of members of the Marburg Burschenschaft Rheinfranken , 1926/1934
  • AHV Marburger Burschenschaft Rheinfranken e. V. (Ed.): Kneipordnung of the Marburg Burschenschaft Rheinfranken , 1925
  • AHV Marburger Burschenschaft Rheinfranken e. V. (Ed.): Rheinfranken-Zeitung , 1922–1958 / from 1958 ff.
  • Leopold Bahlsen: Contribution to the history of the Marburger Burschenschaft Rheinfranken , in: AHV Marburger Burschenschaft Rheinfranken e. V. (Ed.): ??
  • Hermann Bredtmann: Contribution to the history of the Marburg Burschenschaft Rheinfranken , in: AHV Marburger Burschenschaft Rheinfranken e. V. (Ed.): ??
  • Egmont Poppe: History of the Marburger Burschenschaft Rheinfranken , in: AHV Marburger Burschenschaft Rheinfranken e. V. (ed.)

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ EH Eberhard: Handbook of the student liaison system. Leipzig, 1924/25, p. 94.
  2. ↑ Paul Gerhardt Gladen: The German corporation associations . 4th updated and expanded edition. WJK-Verlag, Hilden 2014, ISBN 978-3-933892-28-7 . P. 306.
  3. ↑ To Orgesch and the Marburg volunteers: Fricke, Dieter u. a., Lexicon of Party History, Vol. 3, Cologne 1985, pp. 549ff.
  4. ^ Krüger, Peter / Anne C. Nagel, Mechterstädt - March 25, 1920. Scandal and crisis in the early phase of the Weimar Republic, Münster 1997.
  5. ^ Krüger, Peter / Anne C. Nagel, Mechterstädt - March 25, 1920. Scandal and crisis in the early phase of the Weimar Republic, Münster 1997, p. 81f.
  6. ↑ See the HP of the Burschenschaft: [1]  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. . The presentation (which contains numerous errors) mentions a work by the American historian Weingartner from 1975, who "overlooked crucial documents" as supporting specialist literature, as follows: Krüger, Peter / Anne C. Nagel, Mechterstädt - March 25, 1920. Scandal and crisis in the early phase of the Weimar Republic, Münster 1997, p. 46.@1@ 2Template: Toter Link / www.rheinfranken.de  
  7. ^ Hans Ulrich Wehler, German history of society. From the beginning of the First World War to the establishment of the two German states, Munich 2008, 1st, through. Ed., P. 468.
  8. ^ Anne Christine Nagel: The Philipps University of Marburg in National Socialism: Documents on their history. Franz Steiner Verlag, 2000. p. 281
  9. ↑ See: [2]  ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. .@1@ 2Template: Toter Link / www.rheinfranken.de  
  10. ↑ [3] ; Günther Mauser, “Apart from the Libertas fraternity, I don't belong to any political organization”, in: [4] .
  11. ↑ On this see: Gabriele Nandlinger, "Ehre, Freiheit, Vaterland!". Fraternities as a refuge for intellectual right-wing extremists: [5] .
  12. ↑ See: Archived copy ( Memento of the original from September 26, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. . @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.rheinfranken.de
  13. ↑ a b See: Wolfgang Wippermann, Das Blutrecht der Blutsnation. On the ideological and political history of the ius sanguinis in Germany, Berlin 1999, pp. 10–48, 127–147.
  14. ↑ Archived copy ( Memento of the original from September 28, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. ; "In this sense, the German fatherland is not only defined by state and political borders, but ... is the peaceful union of all parts of the German people either in a common state or in another form.", On: Archived copy ( Memento des Originals from September 26, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. . @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.rheinfranken.de @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.rheinfranken.de
  15. ↑ "When we fraternity members sing this first verse, we keep the memory of the German compatriots still living in the German eastern regions alive today." And "From the Maas to the Memel. From the Adige to the Belt - These lines stand for the geographical scope of Germany and above all for the unity of Germany. ” Archived copy ( memento of the original from July 2, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. . @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.rheinfranken.de
  16. ↑ All information according to: [6]  ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. .@1@ 2Template: Toter Link / www.rheinfranken.de  
  17. ↑ Rudolf Augstein as early as 1998: "(published) after his retirement in magazines that are classified as extremely right-wing". According to Augstein, Uhle-Wettler presented to fraternity members in Dresden that the attack on the USSR was a "preventive war". ("Chauvinistic nonsense"), in: [7] .
  18. ↑ "... serves [e] ... anti-Semitic resentment and appeals to the national consciousness: The Germans should not castigate themselves as perpetrators.", See: Cziesche, Dominik / Wassermann, Andreas / Wiegrefe, Klaus , CDU. The right way, in: Der Spiegel, 2003, No. 45, November 3, 2003, p. 40.
  19. ↑ Rheinfranken are withdrawing ( memento of the original from October 22, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. . Upper Hessian Press, May 2, 2012 @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.op-marburg.de
  20. ↑ See: Gessenharter, Wolfgang / Pfeiffer, Thomas (eds.), The New Right - A Danger for Democracy ?, Wiesbaden 2004, p. 124.
  21. ↑ Archived copy ( memento of the original from October 29, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.rheinfranken.de
  22. ↑ Thomas Friedrich, The abused capital: Hitler and Berlin , Propylaen 2007, p. 82
  23. ↑ Harald Lönnecker , The Assembly of the “Better National Socialists”? The Völkische Waffenring (VWR) between anti-Semitism and corporate elitism, Frankfurt / M. 2003, in: [8] (PDF; 267 kB); Hellmuth Auerbach, Regional roots and differences of the NSDAP, in: Horst Möller / Andreas Wirsching / Walter Ziegler, National Socialism in the Region (= quarterly issues for contemporary history , special issue), Munich 1996, pp. 65–86, here: p. 76.
  24. ^ Based on : Dietrich Heither: Allied Men / Cologne 2000, p. 365.
  25. ↑ Overall assessments from a distant perspective: a) Honor, freedom, fatherland! - Federal Agency for Civic Education; b) Small request from the MP Ulla Jelpke and the PDS group; (Re) establishment of the “Republican University Association”, the fraternity “Normannia-Leipzig zu Marburg” and the magazine “Junge Freiheit”…; c) Gessenharter, Wolfgang / Pfeiffer, Thomas, The New Right - a Danger for Democracy? VS Verlag ISBN 978-3-8100-4162-3 pp. 123ff .; d) Stenographic report (PDF; 441 kB) of the 75th meeting of the Interior Committee of the Hessian State Parliament May 23, 2007, 14.04 to 16.15, speech by Alexandra Kurth, p. 4ff.
  26. ↑ Stenographic report (PDF; 441 kB) of the 75th meeting of the Interior Committee of the Hessian State Parliament May 23, 2007, speech by political scientist Alexandra Kurth, p. 4 ff.
  27. ↑ Between esotericism and science - the circles of the "völkisch Germanenkundler" Wilhelm Teudt, by Harald Lönnecker, PDF accessed on October 27, 2010