corporal

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The corporal ( Corporal [Engl.], Caporal [French], from corpus, corporis [Latin] = the body) is the lowest rank of NCOs in many armed forces . According to the NATO rank code , however, he is equated with the Oberstabsgefreiten (OR-4) of the Bundeswehr . In Switzerland , Belgium and Luxembourg , this rank is also used by the fire service .

In earlier German armies, the lowest non-commissioned officer rank was also sometimes referred to as corporal .

Austria

Flag of Austria (state) .svg
Austrian Armed Forces

- Corporal -

Suit 75/03
Shoulder piece (army sport)
Plate cap

Suit 75/03 | Skirt collar | Plate cap
Rank group Batches
NATO rank code OR-3
Rank Army / Air Force corporal
Marine rank none
Abbreviation (in lists) Complete
Grade ...

In the Austrian Armed Forces the corporal is a batch rank (employment group MZCh). In the Austro-Hungarian Army , he was still one of the NCOs (and accordingly put on the yellow and black NCO's sportepee). Today the Austrian rank corresponds roughly to the rank of corporal or corporal in the German Bundeswehr . In peacetime the corporal can take on commanding tasks ranging from troop strength to possibly group strength. On assignments abroad, he is referred to as Corporal (Cpl) in English .

Soldiers who are training to be NCOs (HUAK) or officers (EF) wear their own version of the rank with a silver-colored crossbar on the upper edge. This is only available for the 75/03 service suit.

Lower rank of
private
Corporal rank		 Higher rank
platoon leader
Classification: recruits - batches - NCOs - officers All ranks at a glance: Army ranks

Switzerland

Logo of Swiss Armed Forces.svg
Swiss Army
- Corporal -
Suit 75/03

Service suit shoulder flap
Rank group NCOs
NATO rank code OR-4
Rank Army / Air Force corporal
Marine rank none
Abbreviation (in lists) Complete
Grade CHF 7 .- / day

In the Swiss Army , the corporal (short: Kpl ) is the lowest NCO level ( NATO rank code : OR-4). He is one rank above the rank of corporal .

Until the Army Reform XXI (effective January 1, 2004) he fulfilled the function of group leader . Since this function has been taken over by the sergeant , the corporal rank has been reserved for specialists without a management function.

There is also the rank of corporal with the field post , which is due to the fact that the training of a field post corporal takes much shorter than that of a regular group leader. The rank of corporal still exists in the NBC defense of all branches of the armed forces. Soldiers are promoted to corporals after a special NCO training. In the Swiss Army, the rank badge shows a simple angle on the armpit loops.

When deployed abroad, he is referred to as a corporal (Cpl) in English .

Lower grade
corporal 		Corporal NCO level
 Higher level
sergeant
Classification: crews - NCOs - higher NCOs - subaltern officers - captains - staff officers - higher staff officers - commander in chief of the army
All degrees at a glance: degrees of the Swiss Army

armed forces

corporal
Rank badge on the epaulette of the jacket of the service suit for army uniform wearers of the hunter troop (placeholder). Rank badge on the epaulette of the jacket of the service suit for air force uniform wearers (placeholder). Sleeve badge on shirt, dark blue for navy uniform wearers (usage series 10er Seemännischer Dienst) (placeholder)

Rank badge
(placeholder)
Rank group Teams
NATO rank code -? -
Rank Army / Air Force corporal
Marine rank corporal
Abbreviation (in lists) -? -
Grade A 6 according to BBesO

The corporal is a rank of the Bundeswehr planned to be introduced from October 2021 .

As part of the human resource development of the Bundeswehr for "modernization of the tracks" the new concept was raceways of teams of troops ministry approved and the introduction of new grades Corporal and Staff Corporal ordered as a top rank for teams. It will initially be a pilot project. The grade is assigned to salary group A 6 of the Federal Salary Act in the Salary Structure Modernization Act and is to be introduced on October 1, 2021. Decisions on the rank badge, NATO rank code and abbreviation are still pending.

Bundeswehr Cross Black.svg Team rank
Lower rank   Higher rank
Corporal Corporal Corporal (planned) Staff corporal (planned)

Rank group : Teams-NCOs-NCO-NCOs-Lieutenant-Captains-Staff officers-Generals

Other forces

  • France, Great Britain, United States: In France , Great Britain, and the United States , promotion to corporal takes place after completing a separate course. In France, however, the Caporal and the Caporal-Chef belong to the teams. In Great Britain and the USA he is one of the non-commissioned officers - although paradoxically in the NATO comparison he is only counted among the teams as a "corporal corporal".

Netherlands

In the Netherlands one becomes a “corporal” after a long period of service in the team rank.

Poland

In the Polish Armed Forces there are the following comparable ranks in the career group of NCOs.

  • Corporal ( Polish : kapral [short: kpr.] ), NATO rank code OR-4
  • Oberkorporal (starszy kapral [st.kpr.]), Also OR-4

Vatican city

In the Swiss Guard there is also the rank of corporal and vice-corporal.

Former German states

Prussia

In Prussia the "Corporal" was an up to 30-man squad before. The corporal ranked between the private and the sergeant or sergeant ; he was the lowest rank of non-commissioned officer. The designation corporal was changed to "Unteroffizier" around 1850.

The (noble) officer candidates were called free corporal until 1807 .

The position of the "Vice-Corporal" or "Vice-Unteroffiziers" was introduced in Prussia around 1810/1811. The service door was one of the crews ( common ), but provided non-commissioned officers. The appointment was made by the company commander and could be revoked by him at will. The post was abolished by AKO on April 21, 1853 (together with the rank of corporal ).

According to the AKO of November 10, 1810 and AKO of November 16, 1811, the badge was the sergeant tassel. In the event of probation, the badge could continue to be worn after the recall from this post.

Bavaria

In the Bavarian Army , the ranks of corporal and vice-corporal existed until 1872. Since 1802, the corporal has had a white or yellow collar edging made of wool braid (following the button color) and a horizontal wool braid in the same color, plus the white and blue sergeant's sportepee.

The vice-corporal wore the Unteroffiziersportepee , to the braids loose collar of teams, possibly, the wool strand of the corporal.

The badges and denominations of rank were valid from 1802 to 1872, before the Prussian example was followed with certain Bavarian variants (lion buttons, blue-white or blue-silver tassels and braids). At the same time, the corporal was renamed Sergeant, the vice-corporal was dropped.

Other German states

The rank of corporal or brigadier also existed in the armies of the other German states. However, up to the establishment of the German Empire in 1871 and the adaptation to Prussian standards in the early 1870s, the design of the badges of rank was different.

At the beginning of the 19th century, many states followed the French model (two diagonally attached wool braids on the lower sleeves), after the wars of liberation they often orientated themselves towards Prussia (edging of the collar and cuffs with metal braid). With the resurgence of the Prussian-Habsburg dualism since 1848, many of the central and southern German states took over the badges of rank of the Austrian Army (corporal: two collar stars made of white cloth). After 1871 most states (again) put on the Prussian badges of rank.

The Duchy of Braunschweig only switched from the traditional black uniform to the blue Prussian uniform in 1886 (officers) or 1892 (men) during the Prussian reign over the Duchy of Braunschweig because of the open question of succession to the throne . Until then, the corporal wore two corner braids based on the British model (the officers had previously put on badges of rank based on the Austrian model).

Examples from different countries

Below are examples of rank designations that can be semantically traced back to Corporal .

See also

literature

  • David G. Chandler , Ian Beckett (Eds.): The Oxford History of the British Army. Oxford University Press, Oxford et al. 2003, ISBN 0-19-280311-5 (English).
  • Jérôme Bodin: Les officiers français. Grandeur et misères, 1936-1991. Librairie Académique Perrin, Paris 1991, ISBN 2-262-00747-0 , (French).
  • Harold W. Nelson (Ed.): The Army. Army Historical Foundation et al., Arlington VA et al. 2001, ISBN 0-88363-101-6 (English).
  • Georg Ortenburg, Ingo Prömper: Prussian-German uniforms. From 1640-1918. Orbis-Verlag, Munich 1991, ISBN 3-572-08785-6 .

Web links

Wiktionary: Korporal  - explanations of meanings, word origins, synonyms, translations

Remarks

  1. ↑ Left: Placeholder for the rank badge on the epaulette of the jacket of the service suit for army uniform wearers of the hunter troop . Middle: Rank badge on the shoulder flap of the jacket of the service suit for Air Force uniform wearers. Right: sleeve badge on the shirt, dark blue of a navy uniform wearer ( use series 10er Seemännischer Dienst)

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Hartmut Bagger , Command Staff of the Armed Forces I 3, Federal Ministry of Defense (ed.): ZDv 37/10. Suit regulations for soldiers in the Bundeswehr . July 1996. Reprint from October 2008. Bonn July 16, 2008, 4 labels, p. 539 ( digital version (PDF; 3.5 MB) - reprint October 2008 replaces first edition from July 1996). Digitized version ( memento of the original from September 19, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.dmb-lv-westfalen.de
  2. ↑ The Federal Minister of Defense (ed.): ZDv 14/5. Soldiers Act . DSK AV110100174, change status July 17, 2008. Bonn August 21, 1978, rank designations in the Bundeswehr, p. B 185 (not to be confused with the Law on the Legal Status of Soldiers (Soldiers Law) ).
  3. ^ Agreed English texts. STANAG 2116 . NATO standardization agreement (STANAG) . NATO codes for grades of military personnel. 5th edition. 1992 ( NATO Rank Codes - 1992 [accessed March 25, 2014] English).
  4. ↑ a b Appendix I (to § 20, paragraph 2, sentence 1) Bundesbesoldungsgesetz orders of A and B . ( Online [accessed on March 25, 2014] Federal Salary Regulations (BBesO) only apply to professional and temporary soldiers and are an annex to the Federal Salary Act (BBesG)).
  5. ↑ a b Jennifer Fiebig-Schulze: Prelude for the coporals. In: https://www.bundeswehr.de/ . Bundeswehr, Head of the Press and Information Office , August 3, 2020, accessed on August 6, 2020 .
  6. ↑ Salary Structure Modernization Act - BesStMG. In: buzer.de . Daniel Liebig, December 9, 2019, accessed on August 7, 2020 .
  7. ↑ a b The equivalent, higher and lower ranks are given in accordance with ZDv 14/5 B 185, cf. The Federal Minister of Defense (ed.): ZDv 14/5. Soldiers Act . DSK AV110100174, change status July 17, 2008. Bonn August 21, 1978, rank designations in the Bundeswehr, p. B 185 (Not to be confused with the Law on the Legal Status of Soldiers (Soldiers Act) . The order of the ranks shown in the info box does not necessarily correspond to one of the regular rank sequences provided for in the Soldiers' Career Ordinance , nor does it necessarily correspond to the rank hierarchy described in the Superiors Ordinance a managerial relationship ).