Christian Frederik Hansen

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Christian Frederik Hansen, Danish architect

Christian Frederik Hansen (born February 29, 1756 ; † July 10, 1845 , both in Copenhagen ) was a Danish architect and is considered to be "probably the most influential architect of the classical style " in northern Europe.

Hansen was the role model for at least one of two equally important Danish architects of the same name (not related to him): Hans Christian Hansen and his brother Theophil Hansen , who was ten years younger , as well as for his nephew and architect Johann Matthias Hansen, who also worked in Altona .

Life

Christian Frederik Hansen began his studies at the age of ten at the Royal Danish Academy of Art in his hometown, where the French Nicolas-Henri Jardin and Caspar Frederik Harsdorff were his teachers. At this time he began working with Joseph Christian Lillie . 1782–1784, Hansen undertook a study trip to Italy, especially to Rome , supported by King Christian VII , where he dealt with antiquity, the Renaissance and Mannerism. On the outward and return journey in the Veneto, among other things, he worked intensively on the work of the influential master builder Andrea Palladio .

Upon his return in 1784, Hansen was appointed a member of the Copenhagen Art Academy. In the same year he took over the position of master builder for Holstein and Altona / Elbe . At that time Altona was the largest city in the Duchy of Holstein , which belonged to the Danish monarchy, and the north German center of the Enlightenment .

Among the Hamburg merchants he found wealthy clients, the first being the brothers Johan Cesar (1742-1818) and Peter Godeffroy (1749-1822), for whom he built country houses in the Elbe suburbs that were inhabited for several decades during the summer months. Between 1789 and 1806 he built a total of nine country houses. Five of them have been preserved, including a. the country house JC Godeffroy , the country house of Peter Godeffroy, known as the "White House" (today Elbchaussee 547), and the country house Baur . From the Thornton country house, which Johann Heinrich Schröder and his descendants had owned for many years until it was sold and demolished in 1913, the stable buildings known as the “half moon” still stand.

In 1792, the year he married Anne Margrethe Rahbek, he received his first major contract for a public building, the orphanage in Altona on Königsstrasse, which was demolished in 1946.

Altona merchants had houses built on both sides of the Palmaille . Of the townhouses built between 1795 and 1804, five are still preserved, in particular the town palace built in 1801 for Georg Friedrich Baur (No. 45–51). In his time he was the leading architect in Altona, whose cityscape and the image of the country houses on the historic Elbchaussee he shaped. The different influences of his “apprenticeship years” can be seen in these buildings: in addition to French and Italian elements, Hansen also resorted to ancient models (temple buildings), and in some cases he used materials such as thatch , which are characteristic of the rural Denmark .

In 1804 he began building the Villa Kuhlmann in Lübeck, whose builder Margaretha Kuhlmann was a cousin of the Baur brothers . In the same year Hansen returned to Copenhagen, where major construction projects had to be solved: Christiansborg burned down in 1794, part of the city burned down in 1795, and in 1807 Copenhagen suffered a heavy bombardment during the Napoleonic wars. In 1805 Hansen was also appointed master builder of the Duchy of Schleswig ; In 1808 he was appointed to the architecture chair at the Royal Academy, to the chief building director of the Kingdom of Denmark and to the director of the academy. He became the most important architect in Denmark's Golden Age .

In 1831 he fell seriously ill, but continued to work until 1844 (resigning from all offices). Hansen was buried in the chapel of Holmens Kirke , where his tombstone is still to this day.

Christian Frederik Hansen was a member of the Freemasons Association .

Honors

In 1997 Christian-F.-Hansen-Strasse in Hamburg-Nienstedten was named after him (formerly part of Georg-Bonne-Strasse).

Buildings (chronological order)

Altona (Holstein)

Palmaille 116 in Altona, second house from the right, home of Christian Frederik Hansen
Villa Eschenburg in Lübeck, today houses the Brahms Institute of the Lübeck University of Music
Kremper Church
Church of Our Lady in Copenhagen
Christiansborg Palace Church in Copenhagen
Manor house Krummbek
  • Landhaus JC Godeffroy (1789–1792), Elbchaussee 499
  • Landhaus P. Godeffroy (1790–1792), the so-called “White House”, Elbchaussee 547
  • Altona orphanage
  • Landhaus Blacker (1794/1795) (today: " Goßlerhaus "), Blankeneser Landstrasse 34
  • Landhaus (John) Thornton (1795/1796), Elbchaussee 228, later named Landhaus Schröder , demolished after 1913
  • The associated stable building "Halbmond" (1792 (?)), Elbchaussee 228. After a fire in 1820, the stable building was rebuilt by Johann Matthias Hansen, a nephew of the architect. The name of the stable building is based on its shape.
  • Abbéma country house, later Rainville (1795/1796), demolished in 1867.
  • Landhaus Böhl (1797/98), Elbchaussee, destroyed by bombs in 1945.
  • House (1795/1796), Palmaille 108, partially inhabited by CF Hansen
  • Salomon Dehn's house (1797/1798), Palmaille 112
  • Landhaus Lawaetz (completed in 1798), Elbchaussee 190 (destroyed by bombs in 1943)
  • Palais Baur (1801), Palmaille 45–51
  • Jarvis house (1802), Palmaille 35, destroyed by bombs in 1945
  • House (1802), Palmaille 120
  • CF Hansen house (1803/1804), Palmaille 116, partly inhabited by CF Hansen
  • House (1803/1804), Palmaille 118
  • Landhaus Baur (1804–1806), also called “Elbschlösschen”, Christian-Frederik-Hansen-Straße 19
  • Landhaus Gebauer (1806), Philosophenweg 18

Hamburg

  • Goose Market 39
  • Catharinenstrasse 40

Schleswig-Holstein

Denmark

Town hall in Neustadt in Holstein

literature

  • Wolfgang Kemp: Hansen's country houses in Altona; their spatial organization , in: Bärbel Hedinger (Ed.): CF Hansen in Hamburg, Altona and the Elbe suburbs , Munich, 2000, pp. 39–46, ( pdf , 2 MB, University of Heidelberg).
  • Hakon Lund , Anne Lise Thygesen: Christian Frederik Hansen. Two volumes, Deutscher Kunstverlag, Munich / Berlin 1999, ISBN 3-422-06247-5 .
  • Thomas Roland: The architect CF Hansen in Germany and Denmark. An illustrated guide. Frydenlund, Frederiksberg 2011, ISBN 978-87-7887-861-8 .
  • Ullrich Schwarz (Hrsg.): Christian Frederik Hansen and the architecture around 1800. New investigations on Nordic classicism by Christian Frederik Hansen in the context of European architecture and the political and cultural climate in Denmark, Altona and Hamburg around 1800. Deutscher Kunstverlag, Munich 2003 , ISBN 3-422-06366-8 .
  • Carl-Heinrich Seebach:  Hansen, Christian Friedrich. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 7, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1966, ISBN 3-428-00188-5 , p. 632 ( digitized version ).
  • Olaf Bartels : Altonaer Architects - A City Building History in Biographies. Junius, Hamburg 1997, ISBN 3-88506-269-0 .
  • Susanne Beyer: Hanseatic city in Hansen frenzy . In: Der Spiegel . No. 23 , 2000, pp. 210-211 ( spiegel.de [PDF]).
  • Werner Jakstein: The Palmaille in Altona . A cultural document of classicism. Ed .: Erich Elingius. Johann Trautmann Verlag, Hamburg 1938, DNB  58084725X (32 photos by Ernst Scheel).
  • Jörn Rubow: Old Council and Court House in Copenhagen: built by CF Hansen; Artes, Volume III (1935), pp. 127–65 [with portrait and curriculum vitae].
  • Renata Klée Gobert: Introduction . In: The architectural and art monuments of the Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg . 2nd unchanged edition volume 11 (Altona Elbe suburbs). Christians, Hamburg 1970, ISBN 3-7672-0595-5 , pp. 41 ff .
  • Christoph Timm: Altona old town and north. Monument topography Hamburg inventory. Christians, Hamburg 1987, ISBN 3-7672-9997-6 .
  • Franklin Kopitzsch , Dirk Brietzke : Hamburg Biography Personal Lexicon. Volume 2, ( online ).

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Christoph Timm: Altona old town and north. Monument topography Hamburg inventory. Christians Verlag, Hamburg, 1987, ISBN 3-7672-9997-6 .
  2. ↑ a b c Hermann Reemtsma Foundation (ed.): The country house Baur by Christian F. Hansen in Altona. Deutscher Kunstverlag, Munich Berlin, 2005, ISBN 3-422-06541-5 , p. 22.
  3. ↑ John Thornton was a brother-in-law of Peter Godeffroy.
  4. ^ Villa Eschenburg. German Foundation for Monument Protection, accessed on March 14, 2017 .
  5. ↑ Jørgen Kjeldsen (Ed.): I Guld og Himmelblaat - Frimureriet i Danmark gennem 250 år, 1743-1993. 2. oplag, 1993, p. 164.
  6. ↑ Rita Bake: A Memory of the City. Streets, squares and bridges in Hamburg named after women and men. Volume 3 ( Memento of the original from July 15, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.hamburg.de
  7. ↑ Architectural drawings from the National Danish Art Library (Danmarks Kunstbiliotek): Nienstedten, Elbchaussee 499, Cesar Godeffroy's Landhus ( online ), Nienstedten, Elbchaussee 499, Cesar Godeffroys hus havefacade ( online )
  8. ↑ Architectural drawings from the National Danish Art Library (Danmarks Kunstbiliotek): Tyskland, Hamburg, Blankenese, Elbchaussee 547, Peter Godeffroy's Hus ( online )
  9. ↑ Architectural drawings from the National Danish Art Library (Danmarks Kunstbiliotek): Elbchaussee 547, Blankenese, Peter Godeffroy's hus, (online)
  10. ↑ Landhaus P. Godeffroy ("White House"). hamburg.de, accessed on March 14, 2017 .
  11. ↑ Architectural drawings from the National Danish Art Library (Danmarks Kunstbiliotek): Tyskland, Königstrasse 149, Vajsenhus, 1794 ( online )
  12. ↑ Architectural drawings from the National Danish Art Library (Danmarks Kunstbiliotek): Tyskland, Hamburg, Blankenese, Blankeneser Landstrasse 34, Blacker's Landhus ( online )
  13. ↑ Architectural drawings from the National Danish Art Library (Danmarks Kunstbiliotek): Othmarschen, Elbchaussee 215, Thorntons Landhus ( online )
  14. ↑ William Volckens: The Villas of Flottbeker Chaussee on Othmarschener and Övelgönne area in the 19th century . In: Messages from the Association for Hamburg History . tape 39 , no. 1919 . W. Mauke Sons, Hamburg 1920, № 13 Johann Heinrich Freiherr von Schröders Landhaus und Park, p. [24] 214 ( uni-hamburg.de ).
  15. ↑ Landhaus Thornton. In: picture index. Hamburg State Archive / German Documentation Center for Art History - Photo Archive Photo Marburg, accessed on December 13, 2018 .
  16. ↑ Architectural drawings from the National Danish Art Library (Danmarks Kunstbiliotek): Othmarschen, Elbchaussee 228, Thorntons Landhus, Staldbygning, Halbmond ( online )
  17. ↑ Balthasar Elias Abbéma (1739–1805), envoy of the Batavian Republic
  18. ↑ Architectural drawings from the National Danish Art Library (Danmarks Kunstbiliotek): Othmarschen, Elbchaussee 190, Böhls Landhus, ( online )
  19. ↑ William Volckens: The Villas of Flottbeker Chaussee on Othmarschener and Övelgönne area in the 19th century . In: Messages from the Association for Hamburg History . tape 39 , no. 1919 . W. Mauke Sons, Hamburg 1920, p. [15] 207 ( uni-hamburg.de ).
  20. ↑ Architectural drawings from the National Danish Art Library (Danmarks Kunstbiliotek): Tyskland, Palmaillen 108 ( online ), ( online )
  21. ^ Salomon Dehn, banker in Altona and partner in Israel, Dehn & Comp., Died in Stockholm in 1837
  22. ↑ Architectural drawings from the National Danish Art Library (Danmarks Kunstbiliotek): Ottensen, Elbchaussee 101, Lawätz 'Landhus ( online )
  23. ↑ Architectural drawings from the National Danish Art Library (Danmarks Kunstbiliotek): Tyskland, Palmaillen 49, Baur's Hus, 1801–1805 ( online )
  24. ↑ Architectural drawings from the National Danish Art Library (Danmarks Kunstbiliotek): Tyskland, Palmaillen 35, Jarvis' Hus. ( online ), Tyskland, Palmaillen 35, Jarvis' Hus ( online )
  25. ↑ Architectural drawings from the National Danish Art Library (Danmarks Kunstbiliotek): Tyskland, Palmaillen 116, CF Hansens Hus, 1803–1804 ( online )
  26. ↑ Architectural drawings from the National Danish Art Library (Danmarks Kunstbiliotek): Altona, Palmaillen 118, Dehn's hus ( online )
  27. ^ Wilhelm Melhop : Old Hamburg style of construction . Brief historical development of the architectural styles in Hamburg (shown on the secular building up to the resurrection of the city after the great fire of 1842, along with information about the area and life history). Boysen & Maasch, Hamburg 1908, p.  170 ( archive.org - photographic illustration p. 168).
  28. ↑ Architectural drawings from the National Danish Art Library (Danmarks Kunstbiliotek): Hamburg, Gänsemarkt 39, Worthmann'sche Haus, ( online ) and ( online )
  29. ^ Otto Ohl: The former post office at Gänsemarkt 39 . In: Communications from the Association for Hamburg History . tape 13 , No. 5, 1920, pp. [85] 269 ( uni-hamburg.de ).
  30. ^ Wilhelm Melhop : Old Hamburg style of construction . Brief historical development of the architectural styles in Hamburg (shown on the secular building up to the resurrection of the city after the great fire of 1842, along with information about the area and life history). Boysen & Maasch, Hamburg 1908, p.  169 .
  31. ↑ Gut Perdoel. Perdoeler Mühle, accessed March 14, 2017 .

Web links

Commons : Christian Frederik Hansen  - Collection of images, videos and audio files
personal data
SURNAME Hansen, Christian Frederik
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Danish architect
DATE OF BIRTH February 29, 1756
PLACE OF BIRTH Copenhagen
DATE OF DEATH July 10, 1845
Place of death Copenhagen