City of San Marino

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Città di San Marino (San Marino)
Coat of arms of the municipality of Città di San Marino
Italien Chiesanueva Montegiardino Fiorentino Faetano Acquaviva Serravalle Domagnano Stadt San Marino Borgo MaggioreLocation of the municipality within San Marino
About this picture
Geographical location 43 ° 56 '  N , 12 ° 27'  E Coordinates: 43 ° 56 '  N , 12 ° 27'  E
height 653  m slm
surface 7.09 km²
Residents 4064 (February 29, 2020)
Population density 573 inhabitants / km²
Name of the residents San Marinese
Post Code RSM-47890
prefix +378
Capitano di Castello Maria Teresa Beccari (since 2009)
Website www.sanmarino.sm
Mount Titano with the three castles from the northeast
San Marino city flag

Città di San Marino ( German  city ​​of San Marino , also called San Marino for short or simply la città - the city ) is the capital of the Republic of San Marino . It is located on Mount Titano .

With 4,064 inhabitants on 7.09 km² it is the third largest municipality in terms of population and fourth largest municipality in terms of area (Italian comune , San-Marine castello ) in the country. The municipality borders on the San Marinese communities Acquaviva , Borgo Maggiore , Fiorentino and Chiesanuova and to the west on the Italian community San Leo ( Rimini province ). The Cittá di San Marino includes the districts ( Frazione in Italian , Curazie in San Marino ) Cà Berlone , Canepa , Casole , Castellaro , Montalbo , Murata and Santa Mustiola .

history

Neo-Gothic government palace in San Marino
Old town and castle of San Marino on Mount Titano

According to legend, the city was founded in 301 by Saint Marinus , who retired as a hermit on Monte Titano and built a chapel and a monastery there. From then on, Monte Titano was considered a refuge for Christian refugees from the persecution of Emperor Diocletian .

An independent community on Monte Titano is mentioned in writing for the first time in the Placito Feretrano , a document from the year 885. The document found again in 1749 is only supposed to be a copy, the authenticity of which is in doubt.

From the 10th century, the Monte Titano and the town on it were secured against attacks with fortifications. In the 11th century, immediately adjacent to the city center, Guaita Castle was built as the northernmost of the three castles on Monte Titano. At the beginning of the 13th century the fortress Cesta was built on the highest point of the mountain, towards the end of the same century the southernmost fortification was the Torre Montale . In the following three centuries, the castles were expanded and connected with walls and with the city of San Marino.

Since the middle of the 13th century, San Marino has been attested as an independent republic, whose constitution already at that time contained elements of the separation of powers and the prevention of abundance of power.

From the 13th to the 15th century, the region was the scene of numerous armed conflicts. Initially, San Marino was drawn into the rivalries between Ghibellines and Guelphs . The republic sympathized with the Ghibellines loyal to the emperor; the Guelfs had to leave the city. In 1247 this led to the temporary excommunication of the San Marines by Pope Innocent IV. In the following 200 years, San Marino had to fend off the attempts at conquest of the Guelf Malatesta from Rimini. However, after Sigismondo Malatesta fell out of favor with Pope Pius II , San Marino was able to victoriously end the war against the Malatesta in 1463 in alliance with the Church and with Federico da Montefeltro . Due to the strategically important land gains associated with it in the south-eastern and north-eastern foreland of Monte Titano, the republic reached its current size. San Marino has been able to maintain its independence since the Middle Ages , apart from two only brief occupations (1503 by Cesare Borgia and 1739 by Giulio Alberoni ), so that the city proudly regards itself as the capital of the world's oldest permanent republic.

Attractions

Cesta defense tower , which houses the Museum of Ancient Weapons; taken from the fortified tower of Montale
Via Piana, an old town street in San Marino
Exhibits from the museum of old weapons in the Cesta defense tower
San Marino basilica

The historic center of San Marino , together with the Monte Titano on which it is located, in 2008 as the only still continuing example of a medieval Italian city-state of the UNESCO for World Heritage declared. Due to the remote location on a rock massif that towers over the upstream village of Borgo Maggiore by 150 m, the city was able to retain its medieval character. The historic city center is still surrounded on three sides by the city walls from the 11th to 14th centuries. Several sights can be found in a small space:

  • The three defense towers on Monte Titano; Landmarks of the city and republic of San Marino and as such part of the respective coat of arms :
    • Guaita Castle , also known as La Rocca or Prima Torre (built in the 11th century as a defense tower; conversions and extensions up to the 16th century)
    • The castle Cesta (“box”), also called Fratta or Seconda Torre (built in the early 13th century as a watchtower at the highest point of Monte Titano; expanded in the 14th century and included in the fortification system of the city); with the Museo Armi Antiche (museum for old weapons; since 1956)
    • The Montale tower (built in the 13th century); not open to the public
  • The Palazzo Pubblico (built 1884-1894); at the same time city hall and seat of government of the state of San Marino
  • The Basilica of San Marino (built 1826–1838); as a co- cathedral next to the cathedral of Pennabilli and the cathedral of San Leo one of the three main churches of the diocese of San Marino-Montefeltro
  • The Church of San Pietro (built around 1600 on older remains); In the crypt there are two wall niches which, according to legend , were supposed to have served as resting places for Saint Marinus and his companion Leo di Montefeltro
  • The Church of San Francesco (built in the 2nd half of the 14th century, the oldest church in San Marino); with the Museo San Francesco (since 1966; sacred art)
  • The Capuchin Church of San Quirino (built in the 16th century)
  • The Museo di Stato in the Palazzo Pergami Belluzzi (including important archaeological finds from the region)
  • The Teatro Titano (theater; built in the middle of the 18th century; reconstruction 1936–1941)

The Costa dell'Arnella , a path that connects the city of San Marino with Borgo Maggiore, offers views of the national territory and further to the Adriatic Sea .

Tourist attractions are also the changing of the guard in front of the government palace and the biannual military parade (beginning of April and beginning of October), with which the new term of office of the Capitani Reggenti is opened. In addition, the Palio delle Balestre Grandi takes place every year on September 3rd, where the crossbowmen (" Balestrieri ") show their skills.

economy

The economy of the city of San Marino is largely based on trade and services. Numerous shops and restaurants cater to the needs of around two million tourists a year who combine a visit to the historic old town with the option of duty-free shopping. In recent years, the city's economic development has suffered a noticeable setback due to the decline in visitor numbers and competition from new shopping centers in other parts of the Republic of San Marino.

traffic

Before the Second World War, San Marino had a railway built under the dictatorship of Benito Mussolini ( Rimini – San Marino line ), which connected the capital with the Italian railway network in Rimini . The route of the winding route with its 17 tunnels is only partially available. Plans to reopen this railway line have not yet been implemented, apart from an 800-meter-long section that has been operated as a museum railway since 2012.

Buses are used for local passenger transport. There is a bus connection to Rimini , which is mostly served every 75 minutes. A power road connects San Marino with Rimini.

A cable car , the Funivia di San Marino , runs between the capital and Borgo Maggiore .

education

The Accademia internazionale delle scienze San Marino (International Academy of Sciences San Marino) is located in San Marino.

Community partnerships

sons and daughters of the town

Web links

Commons : San Marino  - album with pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Placito Feretrano on sanmarinosite.com (Italian), accessed March 13, 2016.
  2. ↑ Placito fertrano, la data e altro on libertas.sm (Italian), accessed on March 13, 2016.
  3. ↑ City fortifications of San Marino on burgenwelt.org , accessed on March 13, 2016.
  4. ↑ Political system on visitsanmarino.com (English), accessed on March 13, 2016.
  5. ↑ Prima Torre ( Memento of the original from January 28, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. San Marino State Museums website (Italian), accessed March 13, 2016 @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.museidistato.sm
  6. ↑ La Seconda Torre e il Museo delle Armi Antichi ( Memento of the original from January 27, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. San Marino State Museums website (Italian), accessed March 13, 2016 @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.museidistato.sm
  7. ↑ Il Palazzo Pubblico ( Memento of the original from January 28, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. San Marino State Museums website (Italian), accessed March 13, 2016 @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.museidistato.sm
  8. ↑ Le chiese madri website of the Diocese of San Marino - Montefeltro (Italian), accessed on March 13, 2016.
  9. ↑ Chiesetta di San Pietro on visitsanmarino.com (Italian), accessed on March 13, 2016
  10. ↑ Museo San Francesco ( Memento of the original from January 27, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. San Marino State Museums website (Italian), accessed March 13, 2016. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.museidistato.sm
  11. ↑ Il Museo di Stato ( Memento of the original from January 28, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. San Marino State Museums website (Italian), accessed March 13, 2016. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.museidistato.sm
  12. ↑ Teatro Titano on visitsanmarino.com (Italian), accessed on March 13, 2016.
  13. ↑ Palazzo Pubblico - Cambio della Guardia on visitsanmarino.com (Italian), accessed on March 13, 2016.
  14. ^ Castello di San Marino Città Official website of the Repubblica di San Marino (Italian), accessed on March 13, 2016.
  15. ↑ turistico page with tourism statistics of the Ufficio Informatica, Tecnologia, Dati e Statistica della Repubblica di San Marino (Italian), accessed on March 13, 2016.
  16. ^ Informazioni generali Castello San Marino Città - Profilo economico Official website of the Repubblica di San Marino (Italian), accessed on March 13, 2016.
  17. ↑ Brief description of the railway line on ferrovieabbandonate.it (Italian), accessed on March 13, 2016.
  18. ^ Galleria Montale e Treno Storico on visitsanmarino.com (Italian), accessed on March 13, 2016.
  19. ↑ Gemellaggio San Marino-Arbe ( Memento of the original from March 13, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. July 2008 report on sorpresa.sm (Italian), accessed February 20, 2016. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.sorpresa.sm
  20. ↑ San Leo e Città di San Marino: il gemellaggio compie 20 anni report of November 28, 2015 on smtvsanmarino.sm (Italian), accessed on February 20, 2016.