Corona (saints)

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Saints Victor and Corona ( miniature painting , Paris around 1480)
Sarcophagus of Corona and Victor in the co- cathedral of San Leopardo in the Archdiocese of Ancona-Osimo (2019)

The holy Corona ( Korona ) or Stephana (* around 160 in Egypt or Syria ; † 177 ) is said to have been an early Christian martyr according to legends . According to the Catholic view, she is the patroness of money, butchers and treasure hunters. She owes her patronage in money matters to her nickname , which means " crown " in German, a name for various currencies.

Lore

Information about the life of the Corona or Stephana is not historically comprehensible, but only passed down in various legends. According to tradition, the woman surnamed Corona should - her exact name is not known - the time of the persecution of Christians , the martyrdom at the age of 16 years, together with the also canonized soldiers Victor of Siena have suffered. While he was being martyred, Corona, who was suspected to be the bride of one of his comrades, is said to have comforted and encouraged him. For this reason, she was arrested and interrogated. After all, it is said to have been tied between two bent palm trees by its tormentors and torn when the two palm trees shot up. Victor is said to have been beheaded. Other sources report that Corona was Victor's wife (see Victor and Corona ).

Adoration

The day of remembrance of the holy Corona is May 14th , occasionally February 20th . She is especially venerated in Austria and Eastern Bavaria , where various pilgrimages are dedicated to her .

Reliquary translations of Holy Corona were already carried out during the reign of the first German emperor, the Liudolfinger Otto I (962–973):

1. In the year reached 964 relics to the pin Quedlinburg , the Memoria-place for the deceased on July 2 936 first liudolfingischen King Henry I. When required after a fire Neuweihe the Collegiate Church of St. Servatius on 24 September 1021 the presence of the Last Liudolfinger, Emperor Henry II , Corona is named among the saints who were enclosed in an altar dedicated exclusively to female saints. A corona altar is documented for the year 1344. The Quedlinburg Cathedral Treasure contains a corona shrine , this is late Gothic and possibly from the term of office of Abbess Adelheid IV of Isenburg (1405–1435), as the Isenburg coat of arms and an unidentified coat of arms are depicted on the front of the shrine.

2. In the medieval Bremen Cathedral , in which relics attributed to the saint were brought in 965 , there must have been an important Corona veneration, as the pilgrim signs and three sculptures found here in the cathedral suggest.

She was also adored by the Liudolfingen Emperor Otto III. who, after his coronation as emperor in 996, had Corona relics together with relics of St. Leopardus was transferred from Otricoli in Umbria to Aachen . Both saints were made co-patrons of the Aachen Marienstift . The lead reliquaries from the early 11th century were found again in 1843. Their content was the neo-Byzantine corona leopardus Shrine of Aachen Cathedral embedded in the years 1911/1912 by the Aachener goldsmith Bernhard Witte had been created and is being restored 2020th

In the Strasbourg cathedral , a stained glass window from the 14th century depicts the Corona in a long dress, cloak and veil, with a martyr's palm in her left hand. Later depictions show her handing a beggar a coin or holding a money box in her right hand.

The corona prayer or crown prayer is a folk magic ritual that was particularly widespread in the 17th and 18th centuries and was used to track down hidden treasures . It can be found in several magical books, including the 6th and 7th Book of Moses . The treasure raising prayers were sold by supposed magical experts as a supposedly safe means of attaining huge riches. Court processes of the early modern times, which deal with magical treasure hunt, mostly do not place the crime in the realm of magic, but evaluate it as fraud . In addition to Corona, St. Christopher was a popular patron of treasure hunters.

Holy Corona between two palm trees (pilgrim sign made of lead, around 1400)

From the Lower Austrian St. Corona am Wechsel , the pilgrimage song Corona is passed down from this valley of the earth , which is sung to the melody of the hymn Jesus Christ be praised for all eternity . The author and the time of writing are unknown. From St. Corona am Wechsel there are reports of appeals for steadfastness in faith, requests against storms and bad harvests and to avert (animal) epidemics. This is taken up in the corresponding article in the Ecumenical Lexicon of Saints , but cannot be found in other specialist literature. The information goes back to a local tradition in St. Corona am Wechsel, according to which the saint was invoked by the peasant population there against animal diseases. She is also said to have been revered regionally as the patroness of the lumberjacks. The traditional researcher and theologian Manfred Becker-Huberti declared in May 2020 that her occasional veneration as patroness against animal diseases or against the risk of epidemics in general does not justify seeing her worldwide as saints of pandemics and venerating her accordingly.

The parish of St. Pankratius in Roding published a form of prayer with invocation of the holy Corona during the 2019/20 coronavirus pandemic .

See also

literature

Web links

Commons : Holy Corona  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Remarks

  1. ^ Leopold Schmidt : Corona. Religious folklore . In: Josef Höfer , Karl Rahner (Ed.): Lexicon for Theology and Church . 2nd Edition. tape 3 . Herder, Freiburg im Breisgau 1959, Sp. 61 .
  2. ^ Rudolf Hindringer: Corona . In: Michael Buchberger (Ed.): Lexicon for Theology and Church . 1st edition. tape 3 . Herder, Freiburg im Breisgau 1931, Sp. 51 . Both Latin corona and ancient Greek stephanos mean "wreath, crown". See Stephan Lösch: Stephan . In: Michael Buchberger (Ed.): Lexicon for Theology and Church . 1st edition. tape 9 . Herder, Freiburg im Breisgau 1937, Sp. 796 f .
  3. ↑ Manfred Becker-Huberti: An "almost forgotten" one moves into focus: Who was the Holy Corona? In: Domradio.de . May 14, 2020, accessed May 14, 2020.
  4. ↑ Victor, SS . In: Johann E. Stadler , Franz Joseph Heim, Johann N. Ginal (eds.): Complete Lexicon of Saints ... , Volume 5 (Q-Z), B. Schmid'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung (A. Manz), Augsburg 1882, p.  679 .
  5. ↑ a b Bernhard Kötting : Corona, hl. In: Josef Höfer , Karl Rahner (Ed.): Lexicon for Theology and Church . 2nd Edition. tape 3 . Herder, Freiburg im Breisgau 1959, Sp. 61 .
  6. ^ A b Maria-Barbara von Stritzky : Corona, hl .; Passio . In: Walter Kasper (Ed.): Lexicon for Theology and Church . 3. Edition. tape 2 . Herder, Freiburg im Breisgau 1994, Sp. 1315-1316 .
  7. ↑ a b Corona in the Ecumenical Lexicon of Saints , accessed on March 30, 2020.
  8. ^ Alfred Löhr: The holy Corona and its medieval representations in Bremen. In: Bremisches Jahrbuch . Volume 66. Bremen 1988, pp. 47-58, here pp. ??.
  9. ↑ Helga Giersiepen: The inscriptions of the Aachen cathedral. Reichert, Wiesbaden 1992, ISBN 3-88226-511-6 , p. 14.
  10. ↑ Helga Giersiepen: Cathedral, Michaelskapelle. In: Insschriften.net. Retrieved March 30, 2020 (DI 31, Aachen Cathedral, No. 1).
  11. ↑ Robert Esser: Corona's bones are in the treasury. In: Aachener Zeitung . March 18, 2020, accessed on March 30, 2020 (behind a paywall )
  12. ↑ Corona prayer. In: Concise dictionary of German superstition . Volume 2: CMB - women wear. De Gruyter, Berlin 1930, reprint 1987, ISBN 3-11-011194-2 , column 106-107 ( Textarchiv - Internet Archive ).
  13. ↑ Johannes Dillinger: Witches and Magic. Campus, Frankfurt / New York 2007, ISBN 978-3-593-38302-6 , p. 37 ( page preview in the Google book search).
  14. ^ A b Pilgrimage song : Corona raised high from this valley of the earth ... In: Volksliedwerk.at. March 13, 2020, accessed March 30, 2020.
  15. ↑ T. u. M .: Hildesheim 1736. Quoted from: Gotteslob: Catholic prayer and hymn book . Edition for the diocese of Regensburg. Pustet, Regensburg 1975, No. 894, p. 970.
  16. ↑ a b Self-presentation: History: Pilgrimage Church of St. Corona. In: pfarre-stcorona.at. March 2019, accessed March 30, 2020.
  17. ↑ Sight: Parish Church of St. Corona. In: St-Corona-Wechsel.gv.at. 2020, accessed March 30, 2020.
  18. ↑ Rudolf Gehrig: The Holy Corona - A Patroness Against Epidemics? In: Catholic News Agency. March 26, 2020, accessed March 31, 2020 .
  19. ↑ a b Klaus Graf : St. Corona is the patron saint of the epidemic, really now? In: Archivalia blog. March 18, 2020, accessed March 30, 2020.
  20. ^ Severinus-Verein (ed.): The St. Corona-Capelle zu Kirchberg am Wechsel. In: Sunday paper. Vienna 1856 ( page preview in the Google book search).
  21. ↑ Helge Toben: Holy Corona is the patron saint against epidemics . In: Rhein-Neckar-Zeitung , March 22, 2020 ( online ).
  22. ↑ Manfred Becker-Huberti: An "almost forgotten" one moves into focus: Who was the Holy Corona? In: Domradio.de . May 14, 2020, accessed May 14, 2020; Quote: “The crown was the nickname for this woman, whose real name we do not know. [...] This unique finding of such a patronage does not justify for my taste the acceptance for worldwide veneration as a pandemic saint. "
  23. ^ Domradio : Novena in times of plague. March 20, 2020 ( PDF: 150 kB, 6 pages on domradio.de).
personal data
SURNAME corona
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Corona; Stephana
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Martyr and saint
DATE OF BIRTH around 160
PLACE OF BIRTH Egypt or Syria
DATE OF DEATH 177