Heather carnation
| Heather carnation | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Heath Carnation ( Dianthus deltoides ) |
||||||||||||
| Systematics | ||||||||||||
|
||||||||||||
| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Dianthus deltoides | ||||||||||||
| L. |
The Maiden Pink ( Dianthus deltoides ) is a plant that the family of the Pink family belongs (Caryophyllaceae). It is widespread in Eurasia . In Germany it is under nature protection . The Hamburg Nature Conservation Foundation named the heather carnation Flower of the Year 2012.
description
_clean,_no-description.jpg)
_(2).jpg)
The heather carnation grows as a perennial herbaceous plant and reaches heights of 10 to 40 cm. The short hairy stem is only branched at the base. The constantly against arranged on the stem leaves have to 2.5 cm long, narrow linealische, dense short hairy leaf blade.
The heather carnation is gyno-dioecious . The stalked flowers are single or few together in panicle inflorescences . At the base of the calyx there are two bracts, which are often referred to as calyx scales; they are egg-shaped, only half as long as the 12 to 18 mm long calyx and have an attached awn. The flower is radial symmetry and five-fold with a double flower envelope . The calyx has pointed calyx teeth. The five approximately 1 cm long petals appear flat when viewed from above and are serrated at the tip. They are purple in color and have white dots and a darker ring. The flowers close in the evening. The flowering period extends from June to September.
The number of chromosomes is 2n = 30.
Occurrence and protection
The area of the heather carnation extends over almost all of Europe (with the exception of the extreme north and south) to western Siberia and over the Yenisei . The heather carnation occurs as a neophyte in North America, Argentina and New Zealand .
The heather carnation is a plant that is widespread in Germany, but only scattered in the region and is particularly protected here under the Federal Species Protection Ordinance. In some federal states it is also on the red list of vascular plants.
In their natural habitat they are found in submeridional to boreal climates, from flat to hilly areas, mostly below 700 meters above sea level . However, it rises up to 1100 m in the Ore Mountains, for example, and even up to 2020 m in Graubünden. In the flat and hill country it is often found on acidic, dry sand and silicate grasslands, together with the red ostrich grass ( Agrostis capillaris ) or the common winged gorse ( Genista sagittalis ). Sometimes it also occurs on meadows influenced by ruderally. The heather carnation avoids calcareous soils. It occurs in Central Europe in societies of the Violion Association, the Koelerio-Phleion Association and in the Viscario-Avenetum pratensis from the Mesobromion Association.
ecology
It survives the winter as a hemicryptophyte or herbaceous, evergreen Chamaephyte , forms aboveground runners and creeping stems. The often pre-male flowers are pollinated by insects, especially butterflies, and close at 8 p.m. In addition to hermaphrodite flowers, there are also female flowers; but there are also purely female plants.
Your seeds need cold to germinate. There are both all-female and all-male specimens.
The heather carnation serves as an oligophagous fodder plant for the caterpillars of the Carthusian clove capsule owl ( Hadena compta Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775), which belongs to the owl butterflies (Noctuidae). The caterpillar feeds first on the capsule fruits and later on the leaves.
Systematics and taxonomy
Dianthus deltoides was first published in 1753 by Carl von Linné in Species Plantarum .
One can distinguish the following subspecies:
- Dianthus deltoides subsp. deltoides
- Dianthus deltoides subsp. degenii (Soon.) Strid : It occurs in Greece, Macedonia and Albania.
Use as a garden plant
There are also white, pink, red and double varieties for the garden.
Common names
For the heather carnation, the other German-language trivial names exist or existed : Blutströpflin, Dondernegeln, Donnernägelein, Donnernelke ( Silesia ), Feldnägelen ( Tyrol ), Flättchen ( Eifel near Dreis ), Flettchen (Eifel near Dreis), Haideflättchen (Eifel near Dreis) ), Heidnäglein ( East Prussia ), Heidenelke (Silesia), Virgin Carnation ( Silesia, Württemberg ), Marientropfen, St. Christoffelblumen and Vieruhrenblumen (Eifel near Daun ).
swell
literature
- Hans-Christian Friedrich: Family Caryophyllaceae . In: Karl Heinz Rechinger (Hrsg.): Illustrated flora of Central Europe. Pteridophyta, Spermatophyta . Founded by Gustav Hegi. 2nd, completely revised edition. Volume III. Part 2: Angiospermae: Dicotyledones 1 (Phytolaccaceae - Portulacaceae) . Paul Parey, Berlin / Hamburg 1979, ISBN 3-489-60020-7 (published in deliveries 1959–1979). .
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e f g heather carnation. In: FloraWeb.de.
- ↑ a b Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp. 369 .
- ^ Dianthus on the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved September 3, 2017.
- ↑ Plant portrait at NABU.
- ↑ Heinz Ellenberg : Pointer values of the vascular plants of Central Europe. 2nd, improved edition. In: Scripta Geobotanica. Volume IX, Erich Goltze, Göttingen, 1979.
- ↑ a b Ruprecht Düll , Herfried Kutzelnigg : Pocket dictionary of plants in Germany. A botanical-ecological excursion companion to the most important species . 6th, completely revised edition. Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2005, ISBN 3-494-01397-7 .
- ↑ Karthäuselken-Kapseleule at lepiforum.de .
- ↑ Carl von Linné: Species Plantarum. Volume 1, Lars Salvius, Stockholm 1753, p. 411 ( digitized version ).
- ↑ a b Karol Marhold, 2011: Caryophyllaceae : Datasheet Dianthus In: Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity.
- ^ Georg August Pritzel , Carl Jessen : The German folk names of plants. New contribution to the German linguistic treasure. Philipp Cohen, Hannover 1882, p. 134 ( online ).
Web links
- Profile at the Natural History Museum Vienna
- Heather carnation. In: FloraWeb.de.
- Distribution map for Germany. In: Floraweb .
- Dianthus deltoides L. In: Info Flora , the national data and information center for Swiss flora .
- Distribution in the northern hemisphere from: Eric Hultén, Magnus Fries: Atlas of North European vascular plants. 1986, ISBN 3-87429-263-0 at Den virtuella floran (swed.)
- Thomas Meyer: Data sheet with identification key and photos at Flora-de: Flora von Deutschland (old name of the website: Flowers in Swabia )
Lung Gentian (1980) | Yellow Daffodil (1981) | Red Forest Bird (1982) | Wild tulip (1983) | Summer Adonis (1984) | Wood Columbine (1985) | Arnica (1986) | Sea thistle (1987) | Marsh Calla (1988) | Carthusian Carnation (1989) | Mountain Sand Bells (1990) | Rosemary Heath (1991) | Round-leaved sundew (1992) | Checkerboard Flower (1993) | Broad-leaved orchid (1994) | Globeflower (1995) | Pasque Flower (1996) | Silver thistle (1997) | Crab Scissors (1998) | Marsh marigold (1999) | Purple Stone Seed (2000) | Blood-red cranesbill (2001) | Grove Violets (2002) | Kornrade (2003) | Alpenbellchen (2004) | Large rattling pot (2005) | Meadow foam herb (2006) | Bach avens (2007) | Nodding Thistle (2008) | Common Wegwarte (2009) | Siberian Iris (2010) | Moor lily (2011) | Heather Carnation (2012) | Hepatica (2013) | Swan Flower (2014) | Ordinary devil bite (2015) | Real cowslip (2016) | Corn Poppy (2017) | Long-Leaved Honorary Award (2018) | Common heather (2019) | Fever Clover (2020)