Dellwig (Essen)

Dellwig district of Essen
Basic data
surface	3.62  km²
Residents	12,042 (March 31, 2020)
Coordinates	51 ° 29 '15 "  N , 6 ° 55' 29"  E Coordinates: 51 ° 29 '15 "  N , 6 ° 55' 29"  E
height	40  m
Incorporation	Apr 1, 1915
Spatial assignment
Post Code	45356, 45357
District number	17th
district	District IV Borbeck
image
St. Michael
Source: City of Essen statistics

St. Hermann-Josef, last service on October 1, 2010, demolished

Dellwig ( called Platt Delfken in Borbecksch ) is a north-western district of the city of Essen . It borders the districts of Bergeborbeck in the east, Gerschede and Frintrop in the south, the Oberhausen district of Borbeck in the west and Vondern (Oberhausen) and Ebel (Bottrop) in the north.

history

Origin of name

The origin of the name Dellwig is unclear. With dent , it is assumed, a river bend on the Emscher was meant, where the place is located. The second part of the word, however, is puzzling. One assumption is that it could come from wiken (to give way, to evade), and that this means an alternative point on the river. Another meaning of the old German word Wik is a stacking point, i.e. perhaps a place where something accumulated or goods were hoarded, perhaps at an important river crossing. However, there is no evidence of this.

More probable is the combination of Dell (e) as a designation for a valley, a depression and -wik , as an ending with the meaning of settlement, village. The old spelling Dalewic would therefore be Middle Low German valley settlement . The historic settlement center of Dellwig was located on and in the valley of the Barchembach above the Emscher lowland , which was called Krayenbruch here. The historic peasantry Barchem, which gave the brook its name, was located in its source area just above Dellwig. Read as Barc-hem , its meaning is Bergheim , as opposed to Dalewic.

Peasantry

Dellwig, earlier spellings were also Dalewic or Delewic , began as a peasantry , which was first mentioned in 1220. The settlement focus was in the lower valley area of ​​the Siepens of the Barchembach, above the Emscher lowlands. The location was protected from the Emscher's spring flood. The location on the Westenhellweg enabled arable farming on high-yield loess soils . The Siepe, the valley pasture, by the stream could be used for livestock farming.

In the lower Emscher valley , the settlement was limited to individual farms. Heath and quarry forest , free running horses from horse breeding in the Emscherbruch and until the end of the 18th century also wolves dominated the scene there. The last wolf hunt, ordered by the authorities, took place in 1797.

In 1332 the following three farm estates are mentioned in a register of the Essen monastery : the court of Everhard von Delewyk, the court of Konrad von Delewik and the court of Konrad Overbeck (ultra rivum). Here these courtyards are called the Oberhof Ehrenzell , and not, as one would have guessed, the Hof Borbeck. The Oberhof Ehrenzell belonged to the three-farmer district, consisting of Altendorf , Frohnhausen and Holsterhausen . It was transferred in 966 by King Otto I to the convent of the women's monastery in Essen. The Herskamp farm in Dellwig was under the control of the Stoppenberg monastery , and the Terboven farm under the Deutz monastery. Other manors, such as Hüttmann, Kranendieck and today's Schepmanns Hof riding stables, first mentioned in 1444, cannot be evidently assigned. These irregularities were leveled with the introduction of the land register in 1668 on behalf of the abbess of Essen for tax reasons. From now on all goods in Dellwig were subject to the Borbeck farm.

A special feature of the Dellwiger Gutshöfe was that they operated a Vöhdewirtschaft (feed pasture management). So every farmer had once cultivation land as permanent possession and quarry land as temporary possession, which was used for the recreation of the country temporarily as fodder pasture (Vöhde). This quarry land was created by a farming community to reclaim boggy areas, such as the land of the later Prosper colliery , the Klaumer Bruch and the Kreienbruch.

industrialization

With the beginning of industrialization in the 19th century, the Cologne-Mindener Eisenbahn-Gesellschaft built the first railway line in the Emschertal in 1847 . On October 1, 1885, the Frintrop marshalling yard was opened, which later developed into an important freight transport hub in the Ruhr area. Coal mining began with the excavation of the first shaft of the Christian Levin colliery in 1857. However, there were enormous difficulties with layers of marl, gravel and quicksand, so that he could not get beyond the sinking . It was not until the shaft was transferred from the Cologne Mining Association to the Essen Mining Association King Wilhelm that the finances were redeveloped, so that from 1873 coal could be mined profitably. In the course of the mining, the groundwater level began to sink, so that the Emscherbruch could be used more agriculturally. When the floods returned due to subsidence, the risk of epidemics also increased. The completion of the Rhine-Herne Canal in 1914 , which led directly past the Levin colliery, was important in 1914 , with its own port on the south bank. The Emscher was soon mainly used for sewage and mine water and quickly degenerated into Köttelbecke . After the colliery was expanded with a ring furnace, a coal washing plant, a coke oven battery and a boiler house, the Levin 2 shaft was sunk in 1928 in order to increase the subsidies again. The mining industry attracted many job-seekers, mainly from the east. Larger blocks of flats, but also smaller settlements, were built in which people tried to cover their own needs in cleared areas by growing them themselves. Dellwig received its first post office at the Dellwig train station, which opened on May 1, 1891.

Incorporation

Dellwig was incorporated into the city of Essen in 1915 as part of the Borbeck mayor , but had to give up northern areas. The Ripshorst house , first mentioned around 1360 , which was among other things a knight's seat and also served as a protective castle for the Essen prince abbesses, is for this reason today in the Oberhausen city area.

20th century

Since the way to the parish church in Borbeck was very long, an emergency church was built in 1901, followed by its own parish in 1905 and its own cemetery in 1909. On June 29, 1911, after two years of construction, the church of St. Michael was consecrated. In 1907 a new post office was built on Rahmannstrasse, which is still in operation today. In 1910 a volunteer fire brigade was founded in Dellwig, which was later ousted by the Borbeck professional fire brigade and disbanded. In 1905, as 14 years earlier, the Emscher floods badly, forcing many people to flee the floodplain. In 1914 the Rhine-Herne Canal was built and the Emscher was laid to the north parallel to it. On May 1, 1921, the Essen-Dellwig-Ost train station on the Essen Hauptbahnhof – Bottrop line went into operation. On February 25, 1927, a free Dellwiger regional paper appeared for the first time as Stadtanzeiger Nordwest. In the course of industrialization, more and more Protestants immigrated to Dellwig, which was once purely Catholic. In 1915 the Evangelical Peace Church was consecrated. In September 1942 the St. Michael Church and the rectory were badly hit by bombs, so that an emergency service had to be held in the kindergarten chapel. On Palm Sunday 1946 there was the first service after the war in St. Michael’s Church. In 1943 the Friedenskirche received heavy bombs and was only able to return to its intended purpose in July 1949. In 1943 , Friedrich Krupp AG , which was in dire straits, took over the Levin mine. However, the war damage caused great difficulties, so that the colliery had to stop its coal production in the spring of 1944. In March 1945, after a shell fire, the drainage system could no longer be operated. The colliery was given up. A bunker was built in the mine dump, which protected around 2000 people during the war. After the war, the mine was rebuilt and operations resumed in full. Until 1960 it was one of the largest employers in the district. When the colliery was closed in 1960, shunting operations at the Frintrop marshalling yard were also discontinued. Today hardly anything reminds of her at the site of the former colliery, only the industrial area that was created there bears her name. In 1984 a rope sheave from the Levin colliery was set up in front of the St. Michael Church. Together with a plow dating from 1885, this monument is intended to commemorate Dellwig's thousand-year history of agriculture and industry.

coat of arms

Dellwig coat of arms

Blazon : "Divided by a sloping bar covered with blue, silver (white) cloud, gold (yellow) and red." The coat of arms was designed by Kurt Schweder and never had an official character. At the end of the 1980s, the heraldist created coats of arms for all of Essen's districts. They have meanwhile been well received by the Essen population.

The coat of arms is a so-called " talking coat of arms "; Dellwig comes from Dalewic , as it was called in the 13th century. This refers to the valley on the Emscher, which offers shelter for settlement. The coat of arms is based on that of the Lords of Dellwig . It is reminiscent of the meandering Emscher ( Wolkenfeh ) with its eel-shaped indentations. The Dellwig family, who came from the Dortmund area and were often related to the local aristocracy, held, among other things, the office of Drosten in the realm of Werden and the hereditary marshal of the Essen monastery .

Dellwig today

Dellwig is partly characterized by dense residential developments with green areas, partly by larger commercial areas. On the Rhine-Herne Canal, cycling and hiking trails offer some recreational opportunities. Lock III, located in Dellwig, ceased to exist in 1980 due to the lowering of the water level due to mining. At the former Frintrop marshalling yard, about 25 hectares of walking paths in the countryside have now been created. There is also the Hesse outdoor pool.

In local public transport , Dellwig is served by lines 103, 143, 166, 185 and 186 of the Ruhrbahn . The regional train lines RB 32 and RB 35 stop at the Essen-Dellwig stop, and the S9 S-Bahn line at the neighboring Essen-Dellwig Ost stop .

population

On March 31, 2020, 9,131 residents lived in Dellwig.

Structural data of the population in Dellwig (as of March 31, 2020):

• Proportion of population under 18-year-olds: 16.0% (Essen average: 16.2%)
• Population of at least 65-year-olds: 21.7% (Essen average: 21.5%)
• Proportion of foreigners: 11.8% (Essen average: 16.9%)

Web links

Commons : Essen-Dellwig  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

• Citizens and Tourist Association Essen-Dellwig / Gerschede 1910 eV

See also

• List of architectural monuments in Dellwig

Individual evidence

1. ↑ DerWesten.de: When the church turns off the light, October 3rd, 2010 last seen on October 4th, 2010
2. ↑ Albrecht Greule. Among employees by Sabine Hachkl-Rößler: Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch . Etymology of the water body names and the associated area, settlement and field names. De Gruyter, Berlin, Boston, Mass. 2014, ISBN 978-3-11-019039-7 .
3. ↑ See on this Johann Rainer Busch: Kurt Schweders coat of arms of the Essen districts . Essen 2009, p. 76
4. ↑ ruhrbahn
5. ↑ Population figures of the districts
6. ↑ Proportion of the population under 18 years of age
7. ↑ Proportion of the population aged 65 and over
8. ↑ Proportion of foreigners in the city districts