Dellwig House

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Dellwig house, view from the north

The Dellwig house is a moated castle in the Lütgendortmund district of Dortmund . It was built by the von Dellwig family and was their ancestral home until 1727. After that, the facility was owned by various noble families and the Gelsenkirchener Bergwerks-AG , before the building was bought by the city of Dortmund in 1978. After Haus Bodelschwingh House Dellwig is the largest and most important moated castle in Dortmund and is since 1997 as a monument under monument protection .

description

Location map

location

The castle is located in the Dellwig district in the south of today's Westrich district near the border with the Lütgendortmund district . Located in the hilly moraine landscape in the Dellwiger Bachtal , the facility is surrounded by the Dellwiger Bach nature reserve and is in the immediate vicinity of the LWL industrial museum Zeche Zollern  II / IV. It can be reached via junction 40 (Dortmund-Lütgendortmund) on the A 40 motorway.

The surrounding Dellwig forest is ideal for walks and is a popular destination for cyclists. Dortmund's sights such as the Golden Miracle of Kirchlinde in the Sankt-Josef-Kirche and the Westphalian School Museum in Marten can be easily reached by bike from there.

building

House Dellwig is a two-part system. It consists of a manor house , which stands in a pond-like moat that is over 80 meters wide , and a front bailey to the north . The buildings are located in the middle of more than eleven hectares of green space, the old trees of which go back to a former English landscape garden . Nowadays, however, this is only very weakly recognizable in its former basic concept. House Dellwig used to be surrounded on all sides by a square moat . Today its north and west parts have been filled in, so that the moat fed by the Dellwig brook has a hook shape.

Outer bailey

Outer bailey

On the north side of the complex, a two-winged, wrought-iron gate gives access to the outer bailey. The gate is flanked by two angular pillars with attachments decorated with coats of arms. There are also smaller wrought iron pedestrian gates on both sides.

The three-winged outer bailey dates from the beginning of the 18th century and has a horseshoe shape that opens to the south to the manor house. Your masonry from brick is of a pan covered gable roof completed. In the middle of the north wing is the gate building with a round arched gate passage. It is crowned by a ridge with a bell.

Mansion

Manor house, northeast view

A three-arched brick arch bridge leads from the outer bailey to the manor house. It replaced a previous drawbridge in the 19th century and leads straight to the portal . This lies on an axis with the arched gate passage of the outer bailey and the lattice gate on the north side of the castle area. The axis is extended by a stone bridge leading into the park on the south side of the building.

The main house made of quarry stones consists of two building wings that meet at approximately right angles and have stepped gables . The two floors of the white plastered building rise on a high basement with loopholes directly from the water of the moat. In the eastern wing, which is also known as the transverse wing, there is what has been identified as the oldest building structure. It is a two-chamber house, possibly from the first half of the 14th century. In the basement and ground floor it has the typical division into two rooms and, compared to the rest of the building, has thicker walls. In the basement area of ​​the western longitudinal wing, however, there are two mighty pillars with transom panels, which are possibly even older than the two-chamber house. They divide this part of the cellar into two naves with 6-yoke groin vaults .

Manor house, south elevation

At the southwest corner there is a square corner tower with a slate-covered Welscher hood . Its wall anchors in the form of the year 1658 document the year of its completion. The coats of arms of Melchior IV. Von Dellwig and his wife Sybilla von und zu Gysenberg on the outer wall identify the couple as builders. In the southern corner of the tower and longitudinal tract there are still the console stones of a former toilet dungeon .

The facade of the mansion is kept very simple. The few architectural adornments include the corner blocks made of hewn sandstone and a bay window from the Renaissance period on three heavy consoles on the first floor on the east side. Due to the simplicity of the rest of the facade, the richly decorated main portal of the house stands out particularly strongly. It is located on the north side of a portal tower that stands in the north corner of the two mansion wings. Like the southwest corner tower, it has a stone cornice that imitates beam heads. The square entrance is flanked by two half-columns on angular pedestals with lion head reliefs . Its arched archway has a massive keystone . In addition there is a figurative arabesques - Fries . He wears a trapezoidal over door with two richly decorated cartouches . The oval of them shows the Latin inscription “Maria Elisabeth de Pallandt ex Keppel et Ham Vidua Domini Arnoldi Georgii de et in Delwig me sibi et posteris fieri perfecti. Anno 1690 ”( German  Maria Elisabeth von Pallandt from Keppel and Hamm, widow of Mr. Arnold Georg von und zu Dellwig had me completed for himself and his descendants. In the year of the Lord 1690. ) The cartouche above shows the alliance coat of arms of the Dellwig families and Pallandt .

history

A Dellwig farm is mentioned in a document from Archbishop Philipp I von Heinsberg of Cologne from 1179. In 1238 a Hermann von Delwig (Herimanus de Dalvic) was mentioned in a document. It is questionable whether he was the master of the Dellwig family at the time, because at that time there were two families with this name in Lütgendortmund. They both lived by the Dellwiger Bach and were from 1240 followers of the Counts of the Mark . The family who owned the house and their relatives were not documented until 1320.

Melchior I von Dellwig was the only name bearer to survive the great Dortmund plague epidemic of 1513. Together with his wife, who came from the noble Werninghaus zum Klusenstein family, he had the medieval permanent house built in the first half of the 16th century with a castle in the style of the Replace Renaissance. He used the foundations and parts of the previous building. Successive members of the family held high offices in the county of Mark , for example his grandson Melchior III. until 1582 ducal governor of Wilhelm V. von Jülich-Kleve-Berg in Bochum . During his time as lord of the castle, the Thirty Years War broke out, in the course of which the complex was destroyed by imperial troops under Colonel Lothar Dietrich von Bönninghausen .

After the end of the war, Melchior's son Melchior IV not only rebuilt the Dellwig house, but also had it expanded to include a square tower on the southwest corner. His son Arnold Georg and his wife Maria Elisabeth von Pallandt continued the construction and had the interior work done in the Baroque style by 1690 . The couple's son, Adolph Christoph von Dellwig, had today's outer bailey built between 1700 and 1703. For years he was director of the Märkische Knighthood and married Katharina Sybilla Baer zu Bernau in 1708, who brought the neighboring house of Holte into the marriage.

Their daughter Anna Maria Sophia married the baron Wilhelm von Droste-Erwitte in 1727 and brought him the property. His family stayed on Dellwig for three generations before Engelbert von Droste-Erwitte died childless in 1792 and bequeathed the property to his cousin , the Electoral Cologne Chamberlain Friedrich von Hoerde zu Schwarzenraben and Störmede . His descendant Engelbert sold Haus Dellwig in 1816 to Carl Theodor von Rump zu Crange , who not only took over land and property, but also a mortgage debt of 34,000  Reichstalers . Even his son Carl Alexander seems to have had no economic difficulties again, because he had various changes made on Dellwig, for example the replacement of the drawbridge with solid stone structures and the conversion of the kitchen garden south of the manor house into an English landscape garden. Carl Alexander died in 1883 before his mother, and so Carl Theodors widow Walburga von Schade zu Ahausen bequeathed Haus Dellwig to her eldest daughter Anna, who had been married to Friedrich von Landsberg , Velen and Gemen since 1862 . Through her the property came to his family.

Meanwhile, the building structure of the house was at great risk from the operation of the nearby Zollern-Germania colliery and the associated damage to the mountains . To prevent the main building from collapsing, the mansion had to be supported by massive buttresses . Baron Ignatz von Landsberg-Velen sold the Dellwig house with the two associated watermills and the Holte house in 1904 for one million Reichsmarks to the Gelsenkirchener Bergwerk AG. He himself moved to Schloss Ahausen in the Sauerland community of Finnentrop and took the most valuable movable inventory with him. This included a three-part altarpiece from the 16th century from the house chapel in the west wing of the outer bailey, which was guaranteed from 1797 .

In the Second World War by two bombs badly damaged, the owner company introduced the system after the war restores. Since 1978 it has been owned by the city of Dortmund, which renovated the building in several stages from 1986 onwards . Today the west and north wings of the outer bailey are leased to a farm whose owner uses the manor house as a residence. The Lütgendortmund local history museum has been housed in the east wing of the outer bailey since 1988. Since its opening, it has gradually grown to its present size with an exhibition area in six rooms. Most of the exhibits date from the first half of the 20th century and are items from handicrafts, agriculture, the working class and household of that time. Other exhibits deal with the subject of mining and the local history of Lütgendortmund, including the local community. The museum is open on Sundays and public holidays from April to October.

literature

  • Josef Bieker: Castles in the area. Romance between winding towers. 2nd Edition. Harenberg, Dortmund 1993, ISBN 3-88379-586-0 , pp. 50-53.
  • Henriette Brink-Kloke: Dellwig House. In: Kai Niederhöfer (Red.): Burgen AufRuhr. On the way to 100 castles, palaces and mansions in the Ruhr region. Klartext, Essen 2010, ISBN 978-3-8375-0234-3 , pp. 55-57.
  • Klaus Gorzny: Castles, palaces and aristocratic residences in the Emscher Landscape Park. A companion. Piccolo, Marl 2001, ISBN 3-9801776-5-3 , pp. 148-151.
  • Karl Hoecken: Dellwig House. Building history, importance and owner of the moated castle near Lütgendortmund. Dortmunder Bergbau AG, Dortmund 1961.
  • August Kracht : Castles and palaces in the Sauerland, Siegerland and on the Ruhr. Knaur, Munich [1983], ISBN 3-426-04410-2 , pp. 243-249.
  • Karl Emerich Krämer : From castle to castle through the Ruhr area. Volume 2, 2nd edition. Mercator, Duisburg 1986, ISBN 3-87463-098-6 , p. 52.

Web links

Commons : Haus Dellwig  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

References and comments

  1. Inge Nieswand: Dortmund-Bövinghausen in old views. European Library, Zaltbommel 2010, ISBN 978-90-288-2110-1 , p. 105.
  2. a b Information according to the information board in the park
  3. List of monuments of the city of Dortmund. Monument no.A 0101 ( PDF ; 814 kB).
  4. Information according to the geographic base data portal North Rhine-Westphalia
  5. ^ Information according to Henriette Brink-Kloke: Dellwig House. 2010, p. 55. Other publications speak of a separate source for the graves.
  6. Information on the information board on the manor house
  7. a b c d e Henriette Brink-Kloke: Dellwig House. 2010, p. 56.
  8. ^ Henriette Brink-Kloke: Dellwig House. 2010, pp. 56-57.
  9. ^ A b Henriette Brink-Kloke: House Dellwig. 2010, p. 55.
  10. ^ Josef Bieker: Castles in the Revier. 1993, p. 50.
  11. a b c August Kracht: Castles and palaces in the Sauerland, Siegerland and on the Ruhr. [1983,] p. 244.
  12. According to August Kracht: Castles and palaces in the Sauerland, Siegerland and on the Ruhr. [1983,] p. 244. Henriette Brink-Kloke names Christoph von Dellwig in her book contribution as the builder of the castle.
  13. ^ A b c Karl Emmerich Krämer: From castle to castle through the Ruhr area. 1986, p. 52.
  14. a b History of the Ahausen Castle Archives , accessed on January 18, 2020.
  15. a b August Kracht: Castles and palaces in the Sauerland, Siegerland and on the Ruhr. [1983,] p. 245.
  16. ^ August Kracht: Castles and palaces in the Sauerland, Siegerland and on the Ruhr. [1983,] p. 249.

Coordinates: 51 ° 30 ′ 33.4 "  N , 7 ° 20 ′ 56.6"  E