Euclid (Ohio)
| Euclid | |||
|---|---|---|---|
Location in Ohio
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| Basic data | |||
| Foundation : | 1877 and again in 1903 | ||
| State : | United States | ||
| State : | Ohio | ||
| County : | Cuyahoga County | ||
| Coordinates : | 41 ° 36 ′ N , 81 ° 31 ′ W | ||
| Time zone : | Eastern ( UTC − 5 / −4 ) | ||
| Residents : | 48,920 (as of 2010) | ||
| Population density : | 1,766.1 inhabitants per km 2 | ||
| Area : | 30.0 km 2 (approx. 12 mi 2 ) of which 27.7 km 2 (approx. 11 mi 2 ) are land |
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| Height : | 188 m | ||
| Postcodes : | 44117, 44119, 44123, 44132, 44143 | ||
| Area code : | +1 216 | ||
| FIPS : | 39-25704 | ||
| GNIS ID : | 1072210 | ||
| Website : | www.ci.euclid.oh.us | ||
| Mayor : | Bill Cervenik | ||
 Location Euclids in Cuyahoga County |
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Euclid is an industrial city in Cuyahoga County in the US state of Ohio . It is located immediately northeast of Cleveland on the shores of Lake Erie and extends over an area of 30 km². In 2010 Euclid had 48,920 inhabitants. The city is named after the Greek mathematician Euclid .
geography
Euclid is 11 miles northeast of downtown Cleveland ( Public Square ). The urban area extends 6.2 km along the shoreline of Lake Erie from East 185th to East 280th Street (according to Cleveland census). Further south, the area tapers to the area between East 200th and East 260th Streets . Again further south, the boundaries shift a bit to the west to the area between East 174th Street and East 220th Street . The maximum north-east-south-west extension is 10.3 km.
The southern tip of the urban area is traversed by Euclid Creek . It arises from the confluence of three smaller streams and then continues to the northwest and finally flows into Lake Erie in Cleveland.
The urban area is divided into three parts by two major arteries, Interstate 90 and US Route 20 , both of which run parallel to the shores of Lake Erie. While extensive residential areas with small-scale buildings extend in the south-eastern and especially in the north-western part, the central part is characterized by industrial and railway facilities. Most of the public facilities are on the north side.
The reason for this distinctive tripartite division was the introduction of a development plan in 1922, which for the first time stipulated binding area types, construction heights and the type of use of buildings. This practice, which was new at the time, was intended to prevent uncontrolled development of buildings. However, a real estate company called Ambler Realty bought land in anticipation of unbridled development and challenged the zoning plan. The ensuing legal dispute finally ended with the Supreme Court declaring development plans to be constitutional.
Neighboring cities and parishes are (clockwise) Willowick , Wickliffe and Willoughby Hills to the east, Richmond Heights to the southeast, South Euclid to the south, and Cleveland to the southwest.
history
The first settlement, Euclid Township , dates back to 1796 when 41 employees of the Connecticut Land Company asked their employer to pay compensation for poor working conditions. They were then awarded 25 square miles (64.75 km²) of land for $ 1 an acre on September 30 that year with contractual permission to settle in the area. Due to their professional background, they named the settlement after the Greek mathematician Euclid . The official founder is a certain David Dille .
In the first two decades of the 19th century, Euclid Township was in direct competition as a trading center with neighboring Cleveland, the latter finally winning after the completion of the Ohio-Erie Canal in 1827. In 1850 Euclid Township received a rail connection . Initially, some dolerite mines emerged as a notable branch of industry; otherwise the area remained agricultural and small-town. Wine was grown between 1870 and 1920 .
In 1877 the township was officially spun off as a village; but they immediately gave up their self-government again. In 1903 the second and this time final foundation took place. Other parts of the township soon went their own way as East Cleveland (1903), Cleveland Heights , South Euclid, Lyndhurst and Richmond Heights (all 1917).
In 1930 the Village Euclid, with a population of 12,753 at that time, was elevated to a town.
The Second World War brought about considerable changes with the settlement of armaments industries. An aircraft engine plant was built by Thompson Productions , a rolling and tube plant and a plant for the production of landing gear parts by Cleveland Pneumatic Aerol . Furthermore, since 1926 were construction of Euclid Inc. and since 1932 addressing machines and stencil of multigraph Addressograph made. All of these companies grew very quickly.
The development intensified even further after the war; so in 1951 welding machines from Lincoln Electric and electrical industrial equipment from Reliance Electric were added. Cleveland Pneumatic was sold to General Motors in 1947 and switched production to body parts for the automotive industry . By the early 1980s, over 140 companies had settled in Euclid. The population increased accordingly to over 70,000 inhabitants by 1970.
In the 1980s, considerable parts of the industrial base finally collapsed when a number of companies closed or greatly reduced their production facilities (AM 1982, Euclid 1985, GM 1982 and 1992). This also led to a noticeable decline in the population, which continues to this day.
population
structure
With a share of 52.2%, the Whites made up the largest population group in 2000. For many decades, groups of German and Slovenian descent predominated in the city. Since the 1980s, however, the proportion of the black population has risen sharply, from 9% in 1980 to 16% (1990) and 30.6% (2000) to 44.6% now. This upheaval has already led to political tensions. In August 2007, the city was obliged by a court to change the division of its constituencies in order to no longer discriminate against blacks in obtaining public office . In March 2008, Kandace Jones was the first black woman to be elected to the city council and to any public office.
The age structure shows a slight natural shrinkage of the population. There is a noticeable "gap" among 20 to 24 year olds, as is typical for all of Cuyahoga County with the exception of Cleveland itself. On the other hand, those over 65 years of age are represented more strongly than the average, who in turn migrate particularly heavily.
Religions
By far the largest religious community in the region are traditionally the Catholics. They make up around 35% of the total population of the county. The other major US denominations such as Lutherans, Baptists, Methodists and Mormons each have a share of 0–3%. Judaism is also relatively strong in the county, at 5.67% .
The first church in Euclid was built in 1860 with the Catholic parish of St. Paul on Chardon Road in what is now the industrial area. As the city grew, other churches followed in the residential areas such as Holy Cross (1924), St. William (1946) and St. Robert Bellarmine (1953). Today there are a total of six Catholic parishes in the city. The responsible diocese is Cleveland.
The local congregation of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America has existed since 1942 and had exactly 441 members in 2006. The Baptist Church has existed since 1979, the Methodist Church has two houses of worship, the Mormons one. There are a total of 28 churches and prayer rooms from 13 different denominations in the city area .
There is also a Buddhist temple in the city area. The Cleveland Buddhist Temple was originally set up in 1944 for interned Japanese Americans in Cleveland and moved to Euclid in 1970 after an arson attack.
politics
Mayor and City Councilor
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The city government consists of a nine-member city council (city council) and a mayor (mayor) whose position is limited to representative functions (weak mayor) . Instead, the greatest political power comes from the chairman of the city council (council president) , Kirsten Holzheimer Gail .
The nine city councils are elected for either two or four years and can be re-elected up to two times. The chairperson is elected by the city as a whole, the eight remaining members represent the same number of electoral districts (wards) and are elected there separately and with a simple majority. Seven of the councilors, including the chairwoman, are Democratic and the remaining two are Republicans . The current electoral term expires on November 30, 2009.
Mayor is Bill Cervenik ; he was elected 13th Mayor on November 4, 2003 and re-elected in November 2007. Červeník is also a member of the board of directors (board of trustees) of the local parastatal transport company Greater Cleveland Regional Transit Authority (RTA).
Budget and finance
The city's budget in 2005 had income of $ 55.8 million and expenses of $ 58.2 million. The net worth is given as 61.7 million dollars. By far the city's most important source of income was municipal income tax with 22 million, followed by income from claims and concessions amounting to 6.4 million and property tax with a good 6.1 million. The city also had 17.2 million revenue from fees. The largest municipal expense items were public safety at $ 21.5 million, administration at $ 11.1 million, and sanitation at $ 10.7 million.
The municipal income tax rate is 2.85%. The tax was first introduced on July 1, 1968 and was set at 1%. Since then, it has been increased to today's rate in several steps.
Economy and Infrastructure
economy
Despite the decline of the manufacturing sector in the 1980s, Euclid is still industrial. The largest employers are Lincoln Electric (welding equipment) and Park-Ohio Industries, with a plant for forged and pressed parts, each with over 2,000 employees. Other local industries include nuclear steam generators ( Babcock & Wilcox ), aerospace engineering, and electrical engineering. Otherwise, the change is particularly noticeable in the form of several larger vacancies in the industrial areas. The city seeks to encourage new business settlements with a range of urban development programs.
In 1977 the Euclid Square Mall opened on East 260th Street on a former factory site with 65,000 m² of retail space and 3,400 parking spaces. Most of it is empty today.
traffic
Due to the location of Euclid immediately northeast of Cleveland and on the south shore of Lake Erie, almost all important land transport routes are oriented towards the neighboring city and therefore run in a south-west-north-east direction. The Interstate 90 from Chicago via Cleveland to Buffalo runs two kilometers away from the lake; it has several exits in the urban area. Ohio State Route 2 also branches off from it on the eastern outskirts . The city is also within the Cleveland motorway ring , which runs around 6.5 kilometers further east and meets Interstate 90 there.
In addition, Ohio State Route 283 runs right along the waterfront through the urban area and US Route 20 (Euclid Avenue) runs through the southeastern residential areas. From there, US Route 6 branches off to the east.
Right next to the motorway and a good 500 meters southeast of it run two railway lines of the CSX and the Norfolk Southern . Both routes run in parallel from Cleveland to Buffalo and are - with the exception of a few Amtrak long-distance trains - served exclusively by freight traffic. Immediately southwest of the city, the CSX operates a freight yard in Cleveland . There is no passenger station.
The nearest commercial airport is Cleveland Hopkins International Airport . It's a good 10 miles southwest of Cleveland. In Richmond Heights, Cuyahoga County Airport is a small airport for general aviation .
In addition, Euclid is connected to Cleveland and some of its surrounding communities by several RTA bus routes.
media
A daily newspaper appears in Euclid, the Euclid News-Herald . The long-standing weekly newspaper Euclid Sun-Journal was discontinued on July 31, 2009. With the Plain Dealer from Cleveland, Ohio's largest daily newspaper is also represented.
The television market features a number of regional Cleveland television stations. They all belong to the country's major media companies ( networks ) such as NBC , ABC , FOX or the Spanish-speaking Univision and broadcast their programs . In addition, more than two dozen local and national radio stations of various genres can be received.
education
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The local school district Euclid City School District is congruent with the city area and comprises seven elementary schools , two middle schools , a high school and a charter school with a total of about 6500 students and 510 teachers. The school board ( Board of Education ) has funds from 0.47 percentage points of municipal income tax. The local library holds around 300,000 media.
Culture and sights
The most famous attraction related to Euclid was the Euclid Beach Park . The amusement park based on the Coney Islands model was located 1.5 km west of the city limits on the shores of Lake Erie and was in operation from 1895 to 1969. In its place there are now apartment blocks; its entrance gate was preserved.
The Albert W. Henn Mansion is located in the city itself . Industrialist Henn's home was built in 1923 in a mix of Tudor style and American Craftsman and was listed on the National Register of Historic Places . The house can be viewed and rented for events.
The Shore Cultural Center serves as the city's cultural center and hosts various events. There are also several outdoor pools , an ice rink and a municipal golf course with 18 holes. The local history museum shows exhibits from the fields of viticulture, industry and transport.
Also, some sections of the lake shore are open to the public. Bathing is forbidden, at least in these places, due to the germ load of the lake water from the largely unexplained discharge of rainwater .
Personalities
sons and daughters of the town
| Nathan Meeker | (1817–1879) | journalist |
| Charles Francis Brush | (1849–1929) | Inventor of the carbon arc lamp |
| Jerome Zerbe | (1904–1988) | paparazzo |
| Jerry Tarkanian | (1930-2015) | former basketball coach |
| Michael David Adamle | (* 1949) | Sports journalist and former American football player |
| Mary Jo Kilroy | (* 1949) | Democratic politician, member of the US House of Representatives |
| Dennis E. Eckart | (* 1950) | Democratic politician, former member of the US House of Representatives |
| Hollis Resnik | (* 1955) | singer and actress |
| Terrance Edward Kennedy | (* 1956) | former baseball player |
| Sunita Lyn Williams | (* 1965) | Astronaut |
| Robert Ghrist | (* 1969) | mathematician |
| Robert Scott Smith | (* 1972) | former American football player |
| Brett Daniel Tomko | (* 1973) | Baseball player |
| Jessica Beard | (* 1989) | Sprinter, athletics world champion |
| Stipe Miocic | (* 1989) | MMA fighter, heavyweight |
Personalities related to Euclid
- The industrialist Albert W. Henn (1865–1947) lived in the aforementioned house from 1923 until his death.
- The American fantasy and science fiction author Roger Zelazny (1937-1995) spent his childhood in Euclid. Obviously, it is not entirely clear whether he was born here.
- Gary Mawson , a Canadian-American darts player, is based in Euclid.
Additional information
literature
- Borchert, James: From Euclid Avenue to the Suburbs: The Strange Case of Cleveland's Disappearing Upper Class, 1885-2005 , 2006.
- Van Tassel, David D., and John J. Grabowski .: The Encyclopedia of Cleveland History . Indiana University Press, Bloomington, IN 1987, ISBN 978-0-253-31303-4 .
- Voorhees, Leonard B .: Euclid, Ohio 1797-1947 - A Record of the Birth and Growth of an Industrial Community . Euclid Historical Society, Euclid, Ohio 1947.
- Williams, John: A history of the City of Euclid , 2003.
Web links
- Official website
- City of Euclid: City of Euclid, Ohio - History . (English; accessed December 17, 2008)
- Encyclopedia of Cleveland History: EUCLID , 2003 (online edition by Van Tassel (1987); English; accessed December 17, 2008)
- Euclid City Schools (school district website; accessed December 19, 2008)
Individual evidence
- ↑ US Supreme Court - VILLAGE OF EUCLID, OHIO v. AMBLER REALTY CO., 272 US 365 (1926) (accessed December 19, 2008)
- ↑ Cleveland Plain Dealer (Ed.): Rebirth of a factory site in Euclid . Cleveland Plain Dealer, Nov. 20, 2005, pg. G1.
- ↑ a b Euclid city, Ohio . On: US Census Bureau: American FactFinder (accessed December 18, 2008)
- ^ Robert Smith: New Census Bureau report shows major changes in Northeast Ohio cities . Metro - cleveland.com - Breaking News & More from The Plain Dealer, December 9, 2008 (accessed December 21, 2008)
- ↑ see also: Butalia, Tarunjit S., and Dianne P. Small. Religion in Ohio: Profiles of Faith Communities . Athens, Ohio: Ohio University Press, 2004.
- ↑ Fast Forward, Inc. (Ed.): Euclid, Ohio (OH) - Sperling's BestPlaces . (Religion data is accurate to county only; accessed December 21, 2008)
- ^ Diocese of Cleveland: Diocese of Cleveland Parish Listing ( Memento of February 6, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) , 2008. (Accessed: December 22, 2008)
- ↑ Euclid Lutheran Church in Cleveland, Ohio - Local Churches Near Me. In: church.org. January 24, 2020, accessed January 24, 2020 .
- ↑ Evangelical Lutheran Church in America (ed.): Northeastern Ohio Synod - Select Congregational Statistics ( Memento of June 4, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) (PDF file; 48 kB) , November 14, 2007. (Accessed: December 22, 2008 )
- ^ Encyclopedia of Cleveland History: CLEVELAND BUDDHIST TEMPLE , 1997. (Accessed December 22, 2008)
- ↑ ( page no longer available , search in web archives: Ordinance No. 167-2008 - Charter Amendment )
- ↑ a b c City of Euclid, Ohio (ed.): City of Euclid, Ohio - Comprehensive Annual Financial Report for the year ended December 31, 2005 (PDF file; 2.8 MB) . (English; accessed December 18, 2008)
- ^ Website of the shopping center ( Memento of December 9, 2008 in the Internet Archive )
- ^ Cuyahoga County Department of Development: Cuyahoga County Airport - Robert D. Shea Field . (English; accessed December 18, 2008)
- ↑ see Euclid Beach Park Now . (English; accessed December 20, 2008)
- ↑ Friends of the Henn Mansion (Ed.): The Albert W. Henn Family ( Memento from September 25, 2006 in the Internet Archive ) , 2005 (English; accessed: December 20, 2008)
- ↑ See discussion: Roger Zelazny, September 18, 2008.
