Evangelical Church in Großen-Buseck

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Church from the west

The Evangelical Church in Grossen-Buseck , municipality of Buseck in the district of Gießen in Hesse , is a single-nave Romanesque church with an irregular cross-shaped floor plan. It was built around 1200 and rebuilt in the late Gothic period. The roof structure of the northern transept dates from the time it was built and is probably the oldest in the district after Schiffenberg Monastery (from 1162). The compact west tower has a two-tier pyramid roof . The building shapes the townscape and is a Hessian cultural monument .

history

East choir with buttresses

For the year 1199 there is a pleban in Buseck , for 1210 there are two pastors. A "Dominus Sifridus" is mentioned in a document in 1259. The von Trohe family held the patronage until 1505 , after which the Schutzbar family called Milchling . The Große-Busecker church was the main church of the Busecker valley . She was dedicated to St. Laurentius and had four other altars in addition to the high altar (St. Crucis, Our Dear Women, St. John and St. Anna). Evidently in the years 1303 and 1302 the church belonged to the Archdiakonat St. Stephan in the Archdiocese of Mainz .

The west tower, nave and transept were built in three construction phases in the 12th century, as indicated by the different wall thicknesses. At the beginning of the 14th century, the original Romanesque, semicircular apse was replaced by a polygonal choir . The upper part of the tower shaft and the tower roof were built in the late Gothic period and stone groined vaults were drawn into the nave and transept , which were supported on the outside by buttresses .

In the course of the Reformation , Großen-Buseck switched to the Protestant creed. The high altar with 22 images of saints was demolished by a national princely order in 1724 and kept in the tower until 1729, but was lost after 1741. It is possible that the nave vault was removed in 1731, as there is a work order for it. The interior was renovated in 1735. When the nave roof collapsed in 1763, a flat ceiling was put in, the windows enlarged and galleries built.

Kaiserstiel to the ridge in the choir (13th / 14th century)

Interior renovations followed in 1781, 1837 and 1891. In 1890 part of the floor under the women's pews and the vault above the parish office were renewed. The old parsonage on the west wall of the south transept, which also served as the sacristy, was removed and replaced by a new one created by the master carpenter Balthasar Althaus from Großen-Buseck. In the 19th century the spire was provided with dormers for the clocks. During the interior renovation between 1969 and 1973, the wooden sacristy and the parish stalls, which were accessible from the outside via an outside staircase, were demolished together with the outer staircase. This parish family chair was a gallery opposite the sacristy with specially equipped seats for the pastor's wife and was last used by the Baroness Ernestine von Nordeck zur Rabenau . The small bellows house on the east side of the choir for the organ windmill , which had been made superfluous by the electric fan, was also torn down in 1870 . Numerous frescoes were uncovered in the choir and transept.

Dendrochronological investigations of the roof structure have shown the oldest parts in the collar-beam-rafter construction of the transept and in the tower (around 1200). The choir roof dates from the 13th / 14th centuries. Century, the nave roof from the 13th and 18th centuries and the roof of the tower from the 15th century.

The Evangelical Lutheran Church belongs to the Evangelical Dean's Office in Kirchberg of the Provost of Upper Hesse within the Evangelical Church in Hesse and Nassau . It has 3196 members (as of 2014) and is used on Sundays and public holidays for church services and occasionally for concerts. The main focus of the parish is work with children and ecumenism , which is expressed in local cooperation with the Catholic parish of St. Mary and in regular Taizé devotions.

architecture

Floor plan: west tower, nave and transept from the 12th century (blue), choir from the 14th century (purple)
West portal in the Romanesque tower
Gothic choir

The single-nave, east-facing church building with a west tower is built on a small elevation and is given its cruciform shape by a transverse building connected at an oblique angle.

The mighty church tower on a square floor plan consists in the lower, Romanesque part of bricked blocks made of light tuff and gray basalt stone with corner pilasters. A surrounding cornice at a height of four meters is decorated with a round arch frieze. The round arched, stepped west portal leads into a vestibule that occupies the lower third of the tower. A tower chapel is located above the groin vaulted hall , which was probably dedicated to St. Michael , but was not completely built. On the east side there are two corner columns with grotesque figures and foliage on capitals . A 2.40 meter wide apsidiole, a vaulted niche on the east side, is bricked up today. The chapel is accessible via a medieval, arched door above the north gallery of the ship. The plastered upper half of the tower shaft made of quarry stone masonry with corner blocks has no windows and dates from the Gothic period. The four-sided, slated pyramid roof has two levels and is interrupted in the middle by a narrow zone with two small rectangular sound holes each. The roof is crowned by a tower knob, cross and weathercock, which has been proven to date back to 1611.

The nave , which is lit by large, arched windows , is the same width as the tower . A buttress has been preserved on the south wall, indicating a possible vaulting of the nave. Two high arched windows on the long sides illuminate the interior. Both structures are connected to one another by a round arch with a 1.65 meter deep reveal . The arch is decorated with round bars and, apart from the two-winged passage door, is walled up.

Originally the transept , the masonry of which comes from the Romanesque, had a flat roof, but was given two new vaults. The corner services and bases have been preserved from the first vault in the 13th century. The second vault may be related to the construction of the Gothic choir. The irregular ribbed vault in the south transept can be traced back to an unsuccessful repair measure. In the north the keystone is covered with a rose, in the south with a bearded head of Christ. The keystone in the crossing has a hole in the top. The windows of the transept are pointed arches except for a rose window; they all have a frame made of colored sandstone, which was later plastered. The door in the east side of the north transept dates from 1837. The opposite door in the west wall is bricked up and plastered on the outside; inside you can see the ogival, profiled walls . The window in the north wall was originally larger. The round-arched south portal under the rose window in the south transept was broken into in 1837 as a replacement for the entrance door to the south pore. The ogival niche to the right of it was originally the access to the parish stalls gallery of the transept.

The 5/8 choir from Gothic times is built on an irregular floor plan. A large pointed arch leads from the crossing to the choir. The 14th century choir vault has pear ribs and rests on wall services. The three east choir windows have tracery made of sandstone ; The tracery has broken out in the northern choir window. The southern choir window is artfully made of lung stone with a double fillet and round bars. All choir windows have pointed arches.

Furnishing

Look into the crossing
Epitaph for knight Georg Schutzbar called Milchling († 1584)

The nave is closed off by a wooden flat ceiling. The blue painting with stars is based on the first color version. On the north wall of the transept shows a Romanesque fresco the St. Martin who shares his coat. The coat of arms with three axes belongs to the von Elkershausen family, the one with the three water lily or clover leaves belongs to the von Trohe family. Remnants of the medieval painting have been preserved in the choir and eight apostles and two female figures ( St. Barbara and probably St. Catherine ) stand over consecration crosses .

The three-sided, wooden nave gallery was built in in the 18th century. It rests on square wooden posts, has profiled fillings in the parapet and is accessed by two stairs on the west wall of the nave.

A large Romanesque baptismal font (1.12 meters in diameter) with a winding rod is now again in the transept, a small Gothic font (0.54–0.57 meters in diameter) with a wide leaf frieze is set up in the tower hall. The basalt lava altarpiece with a sloping lower edge dates from the Romanesque period; the masonry of the altar block is more recent. On the south side of the choir there is a sacrament niche (0.80 meters wide and 1.50 meters high) from the end of the 15th century under a stepped keel arch . It may have been moved here later. It is richly decorated and provided with the arms of the von Buseck and Trohe families .

On the western wall of the choir is the 3.50 meter high and 1.05 meter wide stone grave monument for Georg Schutzbar, who died in 1584, called Milchling. It shows the knight in his full armor in a round arched field that is flanked by two pilasters with half columns and four coats of arms. An inscription tablet and a cornice with two putti and the risen Christ form the top . On the south wall of the choir is a 2.18 meter high and 0.99 meter wide epitaph for the seven siblings of the Buseck family, called Münch, who died as children between the plague years 1627 to 1635.

The polygonal, wooden pulpit on the northeastern crossing pillar is marked with the year 1605. It stands on a square foot, has panels in the pulpit and is closed by a sound cover with inlays. The sound cover is provided with an inscription from Ps 51,17  LUT . A figure of Christ without arms from the second half of the 16th century hangs on the east wall of the south transept.

In front of the north side of the nave is a stone cross from the late medieval period. The weathered stone cross made of basalt lava with bevel is 0.72 meters high, 0.70 meters wide and 0.20 meters deep. The slightly oval circular field in the center could represent a loaf of bread and indicate the baker's guild.

organ

Förster organ from 1870

The church box gave money to buy a new organ in 1659 ; In the following years the church box paid an organist's wages almost annually. This first organ was replaced by a new one in 1753, which was placed on the gallery in the north transept. The organ builder are unknown. An inventory from 1806 names an organ stand in the choir and an organ with 24 registers . During the interior renovation in 1837, the instrument was moved more towards the center. In 1866, Johann Georg Förster received the order for a new organ, which according to the contract should be completed in August 1868 at the latest. Förster did not begin to erect today's organ (Opus 30) until May 1870, which was removed on June 26, 1870 and cost 4,000 guilders. A bellows house for the wind supply was added to the choir. The neo-Gothic prospectus is in three parts, with pointed gables, pinnacles and finials . The Physharmonika is a specialty . In the course of repair contracts in 1888 and 1892, Förster changed the disposition slightly. In 1917, the pewter principal 8 ′ from the prospectus had to be delivered to the armaments industry and was replaced by zinc pipes in 1920. The trumpet 8 ′ was also lost. In 1936 an electric fan was connected and in 1955 the organ was overhauled. In 1974, the two lost registers were reconstructed by Förster & Nicolaus Orgelbau after they had moved the organ to the north transept between 1969 and 1973. Otherwise the organ is still original including the rare physharmonica. The disposition is as follows:

I main work C – f 3
Quintatön 16 ′
Principal 8th'
Bourdun 8th'
Viola da gamba 8th'
Hollow flute 8th'
Octave 4 ′
Flauto Dolce 4 ′
Octave 2 ′
Cornettino IV 3 ′
Trumpet 8th'
II Positive C – f 3
Silent 8th'
Flauto Amabile 8th'
Dolce 8th'
Gemshorn 4 ′
Flauto Gedackt 4 ′
Physharmonica 8th'
Pedal C – d 1
Principal bass 16 ′
Sub-bass 16 ′
violoncello 8th'
trombone 16 ′

Bells

Great peace bell from 1950

Three bells from 1712, 1833 and 1836 from the Otto bell foundry in Gießen had to be delivered in 1917 for armament purposes. Only the small school bell from 1854 remained. The community acquired four new bells from the Schilling brothers from Apolda in 1920/21 . Probably the small bell was also cast in this course. The four large bells were handed in in 1942 and replaced by new ones from Rincker in 1950 . Today the church has a five-bell bell on the Wachet auf motif.

No.
  		Casting year
  		Surname
  		Mass
(kg)  		Percussive
( HT - 1 / 16 )  		inscription
 
1 1950 Peace bell 1,082 e 1 “ HONOR TO GOD ABOVE AND PEACE ON EARTH IN THE 750TH
YEAR OF THE FOUNDATION STONE LAYING OF OUR CHURCH CAST FOR THE EVANG: CHURCH GROSSEN - BUSECK BY GEBR. RINCKER IN SENSE NO. 5549 "
2 1950 Belief Bell 545 g sharp 1 “ A SOLID CASTLE IS OUR GOD
CASTED FOR THE EVANG: CHURCH GROSSEN - BUSECK BY GEBR. RINCKER IN SENSE NO. 5550 "
3 1950 Memorial bell 319 h 2 “ OUR FALLEN.
BE TRUE UNTIL DEATH
SO I WANT TO GIVE YOU THE CROWN OF LIFE CASTED
FOR THE EVANG: CHURCH GROSSEN - BUSECK BY GEBR. RINCKER IN SENSE NO. 5551 "
4th 1950 Penance bell 226 c sharp 2 “ O COUNTRY COUNTRY COUNTRY.
HEARS OF THE LORD'S WORD
CASTED AD FOR EVANG: CHURCH GROSSEN - BUSECK BY GEBR. RINCKER IN SENSE NO. 5551A "
5 1921 School or death bell 127 e 2 " ALL PEOPLE MUST DIE "

literature

  • Friedrich Karl Azzola: The late medieval stone cross on the church of Großen-Buseck. In: Messages of the Upper Hessian History Association Giessen. Vol. NF 79, 1994, ISSN  0342-1198 , pp. 70-80.
  • Georg Dehio : Handbook of German art monuments , Hessen I: Administrative districts of Giessen and Kassel. Edited by Folkhard Cremer, Tobias Michael Wolf and others. Deutscher Kunstverlag, Munich / Berlin 2008, ISBN 978-3-422-03092-3 , p. 343 f.
  • Wilhelm Diehl : Construction book for the Protestant parishes of the Landgraviate of Hessen-Darmstadt. (= Hassia sacra; 5 ). Self-published, Darmstadt 1931, p. 252 f.
  • Susanne Gerschlauer: The Protestant Church of Großen-Buseck. New knowledge about an old roof. In: Board of directors of the Upper Hessian History Association Gießen eV (ed.): Messages of the Upper Hessian History Association Giessen. Vol. NF 95, 2010, ISSN  0342-1198 , pp. 23-33.
  • State Office for the Preservation of Monuments Hesse (ed.), Karlheinz Lang (edit.): Cultural monuments in Hesse. District of Giessen II. Buseck, Fernwald, Grünberg, Langgöns, Linden, Pohlheim, Rabenau. (= Monument topography Federal Republic of Germany ). Theiss, Stuttgart 2010, ISBN 978-3-8062-2178-7 , pp. 73 f.
  • Elke Noppes (Ed.): The Protestant Church in Grossen-Buseck. 3. Edition. Local history study group Buseck, Buseck 2007.
  • Heinrich Walbe : The art monuments of the Gießen district. Vol. 1. Northern part. Hessisches Denkmalarchiv, Darmstadt 1938, pp. 149–163.
  • Peter Weyrauch : The churches of the old district of Giessen. Mittelhessische Druck- und Verlagsgesellschaft, Gießen 1979, p. 70 f.

Web links

Commons : Evangelische Kirche Großen-Buseck  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Roswitha Kaiser: New findings on the roof structure of the basilica on the Schiffenberg near Gießen . In: Monument Preservation and Cultural History. 1/2013, p. 41 f.
  2. ↑ Gerschlauer: The Protestant Church of Grossen-Buseck. 2010, p. 23.
  3. ^ State Office for the Preservation of Monuments Hesse (ed.), Lang (edit.): Cultural monuments in Hesse. 2010, p. 74.
  4. ↑ Ilse Reinholz-Hein: The historical development of the church in the Busecker valley. In: Noppes (Ed.): The Protestant Church in Grossen-Buseck. 2007, pp. 91-98, here: pp. 97 f.
  5. ^ Diehl: Construction book for the Protestant parishes. 1931, p. 252.
  6. ↑ a b Walbe: The art monuments of the district of Giessen. 1938, p. 150.
  7. ↑ a b Dehio: Handbuch der Deutschen Kunstdenkmäler, Hessen I. 2008, p. 343.
  8. ↑ Elke Noppes: Tour around the church . In: Noppes (Ed.): The Protestant Church in Grossen-Buseck. 2007, pp. 7-12, here: p. 10; Elke Noppes: Building history (s). In: Noppes (Ed.): The Protestant Church in Grossen-Buseck. 2007, pp. 23–26, here: p. 24.
  9. ^ Weyrauch: The churches of the old district Gießen. 1979, p. 71.
  10. ^ Diehl: Construction book for the Protestant parishes. 1931, p. 253.
  11. ↑ Elke Noppes: In the church. In: Noppes (Ed.): The Protestant Church in Grossen-Buseck. 2007, pp. 13–16, here: p. 14.
  12. ↑ Elke Noppes: wall paintings . In: Noppes (Ed.): The Protestant Church in Grossen-Buseck. 2007, pp. 17–20, here: p. 17.
  13. ↑ Gerschlauer: The Protestant Church of Grossen-Buseck. 2010, p. 26.
  14. ↑ Evangelical in Gießenerland: Großen-Buseck , accessed on April 17, 2020.
  15. ^ State Office for the Preservation of Monuments Hesse (ed.), Lang (edit.): Cultural monuments in Hesse. 2010, p. 73.
  16. ↑ a b Weyrauch: The churches of the old district of Gießen. 1979, p. 70.
  17. ↑ Walbe: The art monuments of the district of Giessen. 1938, p. 154.
  18. ↑ Walbe: The art monuments of the district of Giessen. 1938, p. 156.
  19. ↑ Elke Noppes: Tour around the church. In: Noppes (Ed.): The Protestant Church in Grossen-Buseck. 2007, pp. 7–12, here: p. 8.
  20. ↑ Elke Noppes: Tour around the church . In: Noppes (Ed.): The Protestant Church in Grossen-Buseck. 2007, pp. 7–12, here: p. 10.
  21. ↑ Walbe: The art monuments of the district of Giessen. 1938, p. 153.
  22. ↑ Elke Noppes: In the church . In: Noppes (Ed.): The Protestant Church in Grossen-Buseck. 2007, pp. 13–16, here: p. 13.
  23. ↑ a b Elke Noppes: In the church . In: Noppes (Ed.): The Protestant Church in Grossen-Buseck. 2007, pp. 13–16, here: p. 15.
  24. ↑ Elke Noppes: Tour around the church . In: Noppes (Ed.): The Protestant Church in Grossen-Buseck. 2007, pp. 7–12, here: p. 10 f.
  25. ^ Dehio: Handbuch der Deutschen Kunstdenkmäler, Hessen I. 2008, p. 344.
  26. ↑ Walbe: The art monuments of the district of Giessen. 1938, p. 157.
  27. ↑ Elke Noppes: wall paintings . In: Noppes (Ed.): The Protestant Church in Grossen-Buseck. 2007, pp. 17-20, here: pp. 18, 20.
  28. ↑ Walbe: The art monuments of the district of Giessen. 1938, p. 159.
  29. ↑ Elke Noppes: When stones speak. Epitaphs and wall paintings in Großen-Buseck (1) , p. 4 (PDF file; 320 kB), accessed on April 17, 2020.
  30. ^ Georg Schutzbar called Milchling 1584. Grave monuments in Hesse until 1650. In: Landesgeschichtliches Informationssystem Hessen (LAGIS). Hessian State Office for Historical Cultural Studies (HLGL), accessed on April 17, 2020 .
  31. ↑ Seven children of the von Buseck family called Münch 1627-1635. Grave monuments in Hesse until 1650. In: Landesgeschichtliches Informationssystem Hessen (LAGIS). Hessian State Office for Historical Cultural Studies (HLGL), accessed on April 17, 2020 .
  32. ↑ Azzola: The late medieval stone cross at the church of Großen-Buseck. 1994.
  33. ^ Franz Bösken , Hermann Fischer : Sources and research on the organ history of the Middle Rhine (=  contributions to the Middle Rhine music history . Volume 29.1 ). tape 3 : Former province of Upper Hesse. Part 1: A-L . Schott, Mainz 1988, ISBN 3-7957-1330-7 , p. 414 .
  34. ^ Organ in Großen-Buseck , accessed on 17th 2020.
  35. ↑ Daniel Romfeld: Digged out of the earth by pigs. In: Noppes (Ed.): The Protestant Church in Grossen-Buseck. 2007, pp. 45–55, here: p. 48.
  36. ↑ hr4.de: Großen-Buseck, Evangelical Church , accessed on April 17, 2020.
This article was added to the list of articles worth reading on May 29, 2014 in this version .

Coordinates: 50 ° 36 ′ 28 ″  N , 8 ° 47 ′ 14 ″  E