Formula 1 rules
The Formula 1 rules are set by the international automotive association FIA in agreement with the teams and are regularly changed, for example to increase safety standards or to make the Grand Prix more interesting for spectators. There were major changes to the regulations, especially after serious or even fatal accidents. After the fatal accidents involving Ayrton Senna and Roland Ratzenberger at the San Marino Grand Prix in 1994, safety standards were significantly increased. To make changes, both the FIA Sports Committee and the teams must make a unanimous decision.
Rules and technology over time
Before the Second World War, in addition to the rules for purebred Grand Prix vehicles a lower cost base, called Voiturettes where with compressors supercharged engines up to 1500 cc were allowed (as opposed to double capacity of GP racing car, the up 1937 was even unlimited).
As a result of the dominance of the two German GP teams from Mercedes-Benz and Auto Union , which was both politically and sportingly unsatisfactory abroad, efforts were made at the end of the 1930s to abolish the previous GP rules and the voiturettes for the GP category to raise. In addition to the significantly better competitiveness of the Italian , French and British manufacturers , this change could also be justified with safety improvements, since the Silver Arrows of the time achieved performances that Formula 1 only achieved again in the 1970s. For example, the Tripoli Grand Prix in 1939 was announced by the Italians ruling there at the time for the Voiturettes , but was surprisingly won by Mercedes-Benz with a vehicle specially developed for this race .
Immediately after the war, Alfa Romeo in particular continued to build Voiturettes - racing vehicles, so that the FIA , the automobile umbrella organization , formulated the new regulations for Grand Prix racing cars that came into force in 1947 accordingly: In the category now called Formula 1 , there were compressor-charged engines with up to 1500 cm³ allowed as well as naturally aspirated engines up to 4500 cm³. In addition, a has the formula 2 defined cm³ with naturally aspirated up to the 2000th
As usual, individual Grand Prix races were held according to these rules; there was no longer a series or European championship like before the war . However, when the motorcycle umbrella organization FIM announced a world championship for 1949, the FIA responded with the announcement of the automobile world championship for 1950 . The first race to count towards the new world championship, the Grand Prix of Great Britain , was held on May 13, 1950 in Silverstone .
In order to underpin the claim to a world championship, although almost only Europe was involved, 500 world championship points were also awarded for the Indianapolis between 1950 and 1960 , although there were completely different rules.
In the first two years continued to dominate driven compressor motors Alfetta from Alfa Romeo , which still strong resemblance to the pre-war structures had. However, in late 1951, after two successful decades, Alfa Romeo withdrew from Grand Prix racing. Since only the former Alfa racing director Ferrari was able to bring competitive Formula 1 racing cars to the start, the world championships in 1952 and 1953 were temporarily announced for the cheaper Formula 2 vehicles. Nevertheless, Ferrari dominated in these years and won the world championships with Alberto Ascari .
For 1954, new, more economical rules (F1 with naturally aspirated engines up to 2500 cm³ or supercharged engines up to 750 cm³, F2 up to 1500 cm³) were introduced, whereupon Mercedes among others decided to re-enter.
From 1961 to 1965, the former Formula 2 rules were elevated to Formula 1, to the annoyance of the now dominant small British teams that were unable to build their own engines. Since Porsche had been building successful Formula 2 racing vehicles for several years, promotion to Formula 1 was now an obvious choice. But the four-cylinder that was used up to now, which was derived from the Volkswagen , was not competitive. The 718 chassis was also too clumsy compared to its slim competitors. In the new model 804 with an eight-cylinder, the American Dan Gurney only managed to win one World Championship round, the 1962 French Grand Prix . The following week, at the F1 race at the Solitude near Stuttgart , which is not part of the World Cup , this success was repeated in front of a home crowd. At the end of the season, however, Porsche withdrew from Formula 1 due to the high costs and the lack of series production and concentrated again on the traditional sports cars .
Since racing sports cars and even some series vehicles had more power than the so-called premier class with its fragile 1500 eight-cylinder engines with a good 220 hp , the rules were changed again for 1966, by doubling the displacement (3000 cm³ naturally aspirated engine, 1500 cm³ when charged).
The relatively simple Repco engine dominated the first two years of the three-liter formula, because after the short-term rule change, no suitable engines were available and even Ferrari launched a heavy and weak faulty design with a smaller sports car engine. BRM even stacked two eight-cylinders on top of each other to form an engine called H16 , Maserati reactivated a V12 from the 2500 cc era of the 1950s. Victories mostly continued to be won by the tried and tested Coventry Climax engines , which had been bored out to around two liters and were used in the Lotus , among others . However, this company did not want to invest in the redevelopment of a three-liter engine and withdrew.
From 1968 to 1982 the freely available Ford - Cosworth DFV V8 engine dominated Formula 1; various teams were able to win a total of 155 races and twelve drivers' championship titles with this engine. Only Ferrari won world titles with a slightly more powerful V12, BRM won several races with their V12.
From 1977 Renault introduced turbo engines, with which it achieved its first victory in 1979. Until 1982, the easier-to-drive, more cost-effective, more reliable and more economical naturally aspirated engines still had the upper hand in the final accounts, despite increasingly clear performance deficits. From 1983, the more powerful turbos finally dominated, which were able to release well over 1000 hp for a short time during training and thus displaced the suction pilots to the rear of the starting grid. Exaggerated performance specifications should be treated with caution, as hardly any test bench was designed for measuring such high performance. In any case, the increases in top speeds were not as great as would have been expected from a double or even triple engine power. The peak performance was soon reduced by limiting the boost pressure; in the race, additional attention had to be paid to fuel consumption, as the tank sizes were limited or reduced.
The tried and tested Cosworth units with around 500 hp were then used in Formula 3000 , which replaced Formula 2 with its racing engines (2000 cc, 320 hp).
The strongest racing car in Formula 1 history to date was the 1986 Benetton - BMW with 1350 hp, driven by Gerhard Berger , who won the Mexican Grand Prix with it in the same year . Berger later reported that this car "actually could hardly run because of all the power" and that it was difficult to control.
At the end of the turbo era it was possible to generate 1 hp per cubic centimeter of displacement. From 1989 the complex turbo engines were banned and only naturally aspirated engines up to 3500 cm³ were allowed (to differentiate from the F3000 with 3000 cm³ displacement), which were used in the V8 , V10, V12 and even W12 designs . Renault introduced pneumatic valve actuation, which replaced the previous steel springs and allowed a significant increase in engine speeds above the 12,000 rpm that had been common up until then.
After the 1994 season, which was overshadowed by accidents, the engine capacity was reduced again to 3000 cm³ from 1995, and the power sank from around 750 to 650 hp.
From 1996 Ferrari also switched from the traditional but heavy V12 to the predominant V10, with which the new driver Michael Schumacher was able to win three races. As early as 1997, the old level of around 750 hp was reached again, with speeds of over 17,000 rpm.
From the 2005 season onwards, the units, in which the number of V10 cylinders was now limited, had to endure two race weekends (up to 1200 km) without changing in order to reduce costs and to slow down the further increase in performance (at that time approx. 900 hp at 19,000 rpm) . A loophole in the regulations that enabled the teams to install a new engine in the final lap by supposedly giving up on the next race was specified after the first race of the season. In 2005, changing tires in the race was also prohibited. However, this requirement posed massive problems for tire manufacturers and teams, which ultimately escalated at the US Grand Prix . The Michelin tires were not able to cope with the stresses that arose in the banked bend in particular and tire defects occurred, which among other things led to a serious accident by Ralf Schumacher. After Michelin was unable to fix the problem in a timely manner, the tire manufacturer recommended not to start with the tires. So it came about that only the six drivers, whose cars were equipped with Bridgestone tires, contested the Grand Prix (the drivers of the Ferrari, Jordan, Minardi teams). The spectators commented on the tension-free race with expressions of displeasure and demands for the reimbursement of the ticket price were loud, which the tire manufacturer Michelin finally agreed to accept. After several accidents that could have been prevented by changing tires in good time, and not least because of the race in Indianapolis, tire changes during the race have been allowed again since the 2006 season.
From the 2006 season onwards, only V8 engines with a displacement of 2.4 liters and about 750-780 hp at speeds of up to 20,000 rpm were allowed. At the beginning of the 2007 season, the speed was limited in order to reduce the development costs for the engines. The permitted speed was now a maximum of 19,000 rpm, which meant that the engines lost some of their power. These engines also had to be used on two race weekends on Saturday and Sunday.
For the 2007 season it was stipulated that every driver must drive with at least one soft and one hard set of tires in every race. In order to make the tire sets visually distinguishable, the soft tires have been marked with a white line in the second groove from the inside since the Malaysian Grand Prix.
In F1, technical innovations such as all-wheel drive , gas turbine or four-wheel steering were tried out, but these did not prevail or were banned after accidents. Developments such as active suspension created one-sided advantages and were therefore also banned. Other innovations such as drive-by-wire have long been common in aircraft construction.
Rule development
| year | Rule change |
|---|---|
| 1950-1952 | Engine displacement of 4.5 l without supercharger and with a compressor of 1.5 l, shortening the race distance from 500 km to 300 km compared to the regulation before 1947 or at least three hours of driving time. Award of championship points for the first five places and the fastest race lap. |
| 1952/1953 | As a transitional arrangement, the World Championship will be aligned with the Formula 2 rules (i.e. 2-liter engines without a supercharger) in order to increase the number of participants. |
| 1954-1958 | New rules with a displacement of 2.5 l without a loader (as well as 750 cm³ with, which, however, was not competitive), fixing the distance at 500 km or a duration of three hours. |
| 1958-1960 | Pure aviation fuel is banned. The octane number is regulated from 100 to 130. The duration of the race is reduced to two hours and a distance of at least 300 and a maximum of 500 km is set. Introduction of the constructors' championship. |
| 1960 | Championship points for the first six places, no more points for the fastest race lap. |
| 1961 | Re-adoption of the Formula 2 rules with minor deviations, i.e. H. 1.5 l displacement. Loaders are prohibited, the minimum weight must not fall below 450 kg, the octane number is limited to 100, the petrol tanks must comply with the safety regulations in aircraft construction. |
| 1966 | Return to powerful engines, 3 l as a naturally aspirated engine or 1.5 l with supercharging, minimum weight of 500 kg. |
| 1967 | The use of seat belts and the indication of the driver's blood group on the overall is mandatory, first use of a medical center. |
| 1968 | The first full-face helmets (from the US company Bell ) are used. |
| 1969 | Prohibition of moving aerodynamic aids (e.g. attachment directly to the wheel suspension and extremely high wings ). All-wheel drive F1s are tested or used by Lotus , Matra, McLaren and Cosworth with little success. |
| 1970 | Fire extinguishing systems on board are mandatory. Minimum weight of vehicles increased to 530 kg. |
| 1971 | As before in the USA, treadless tires ( slicks , from Goodyear ) and a vehicle with turbine drive ( Lotus 56 ) are used. |
| 1972 | Minimum weight of vehicles increased to 550 kg. |
| 1973 | First use of a safety car , flexible safety tanks required. Allocation of start numbers according to placements in the drivers' world championship. Minimum weight of vehicles increased to 575 kg. |
| 1976 | Prohibition of air boxes and similar devices for engine cooling. The type P34 of Tyrrell with four front wheels achieves a double victory. |
| 1977 | Renault is using a 1.5-liter turbo engine for the first time in Silverstone . Michelin with the first radial tire , introduction of telemetry . |
| 1978 | The so-called wing car concept from Lotus prevails, cornering speeds increase dramatically. Ban on “vacuum cleaners” sucking air from under the car after the Brabham BT46B win in Sweden. |
| 1979 | Renault wins its first turbo-powered victory in Dijon . Minimum vehicle weight set at 575 kg. |
| 1981 | Monocoque made of carbon fiber reinforced plastic from McLaren and Lotus , active wheel suspension (computer-controlled suspension system) from Lotus. |
| 1982 | Prohibition of “sliding skirts” on the side of the vehicles, which reduce the inflow of outside air. Gas turbines, diesel and rotary piston engines are prohibited. Minimum vehicle weight increased to 580 kg. |
| 1983 | All-wheel drive is banned (last used by Lotus in 1971). Ban on six-wheeled vehicles. Flat vehicle floor required. Minimum weight reduced to 540 kg. |
| 1984 | Refueling stops are prohibited and a petrol limit of 220 l is introduced to limit performance. Super license required for drivers to participate in races. |
| 1986 | Petrol limit for turbo engines of 195 l, Benetton - BMW's most powerful racing car with 1350 hp in training. |
| 1987 | Naturally aspirated engines with 3.5 l displacement are permitted, tire widths are limited to 30.5 cm (12 inches ) at the front and 45.72 cm (18 inches) at the rear, boost pressure is limited to 4.5 bar. |
| 1988 | Gasoline limit for turbo engines is limited to 150 l and boost pressure is limited to 2.5 bar. |
| 1989 | Ban on turbo engines, first use of Renault pneumatic valve springs . |
| 1992 | So-called designer petrol is prohibited, only "almost" normal petrol (max. 102 RON and max. 3.7% oxygen ) allowed. |
| 1993 | Tire width limited to 29 cm at the front and 38 cm at the rear. |
| 1994 | Prohibition of electronic driving aids ( ABS , active suspension , traction control , all-wheel steering ), refueling stops are allowed again. A speed limit in the pit lane of 80 km / h in qualifying and 120 km / h in racing conditions is introduced. |
| 1995 | Displacement is limited to 3.0 l. |
| 1996 | Introduction of the 107 percent rule in qualifying, increasing the cockpit walls to better protect the driver from a side impact. |
| 1998 | Ban on slick tires , introduction of grooved tires (3 grooves at the front, 4 grooves at the rear), the maximum vehicle width will be reduced from 2 m to 1.8 m. |
| 1999 | Change of tread tires (4 grooves at the front and rear). |
| 2001 | Reintroduction of traction control (from the fifth race). |
| 2003 | Qualifying changed to individual time trial and refueling is prohibited between qualifying and the race (increased tension), associated with the lifting of the 107 percent rule. Warm-up on race Sunday will be abolished. Introduction of the HANS (Head And Neck Support) system to better protect the driver from vertebral injuries in the event of a frontal collision. Stall order ban. Championship points for the first eight places. |
| 2004 | The engine has to last a whole race weekend (around 750 km). |
| 2005 | Tire changes are not permitted (only for safety reasons or when it rains), the engine must stop for two race weekends (approx. 1500 km), the front wing must be placed 5 cm higher and the rear wing must be mounted further forward, the front and rear wing must only be changed if there is evidence of damage. |
| 2006 | Engines are limited to 2.4-liter V8s, which also have to last two racing weekends. A special permit applies to the Scuderia Toro Rosso, which is allowed to use V10 engines throttled to 16,700 rpm. Qualifying takes place in the three-phase so-called knock-out system (see article above). Tire changes are allowed again. |
| 2007 | Engines at the level of the last Grand Prix in 2006 may not be further developed until 2010. |
| 2008 | Prohibition of traction control . Introduction of standard electronics. Petrol with biomass content. Additional elevation of the side cockpit walls. |
| 2009 | KERS (60 kW / 82 PS for 6.7 seconds per lap). Cropping of aerodynamics (larger, adjustable front wing, smaller rear wing, ban on gill openings and air deflectors). Engine speed maximum 18,000 / min. Eight engines per year and driver. Reintroduction of slicks. Test ban during the season. Disclosure of fuel quantities after qualification. |
| 2010 | Points are awarded up to 10th place. No refueling stops. Increase in the minimum weight to 620 kg. Narrower front tires. Introduction of the safety car line. Teams voluntarily forego KERS for this season . |
| 2011 | Adjustable rear wings (DRS) are permitted. F-slot is prohibited. Abolition of the stall order ban . Reintroduction of the 107 percent rule , KERS is reintroduced. Minimum weight 640 kg at any time during the race weekend including the driver and all liquids. |
| 2012 | The exhaust gas blowing into the rear diffuser is prevented. The mapping of the engine required for this, so that it also has gas throughput when the driver does not accelerate, is no longer permitted. |
| 2013 | DRS may only be used in the DRS zones during the training units. Minimum weight 642 kg at any time during the race weekend including the driver and all liquids. |
| 2014 | 1.6 liter V6 turbo engines. Speed limitation to 15,000 rpm. Five engines per driver per year. Minimum weight 691 kg at any time during the race weekend including the driver and all liquids. Introduction of ERS . New allocation of fixed start numbers. |
| 2015 | Reduction to four engines per driver and year. Minimum weight 701 kg at any time during the race weekend including the driver and all liquids. |
| 2016 | Reduction of radio traffic. Only certain radio messages are allowed. |
| 2017 |
|
| 2018 | The driver's head is protected by a bracket system called the Halo. This is the most obvious change for 2018.
Further changes:
|
tires
The conditions for the tires are detailed in the "FIA Sporting Regulations" (Section 25).
- Pirelli has been the sole tire manufacturer and supplier to all Formula 1 teams since the 2011 season.
- On a GP weekend, each racing team receives three different mixtures to choose from. These are referred to as prime and option in the regulations .
- A maximum of eleven sets of dry tires , four sets of intermediate tires and three sets of wet-weather tires may be used per driver. If necessary, another set of tires can be made available (at the decision of the FIA); this then applies to all drivers.
- In the free practice sessions on Friday, each driver is only allowed to use three sets per dry tire specification (two prime and one option ). Before the start of the 3rd free training session, one of the three sets of tires must be returned to the supplier. If the 1st or 2nd free practice has been classified as wet by the race management , all teams will be provided with a further set of intermediate tires, which must be returned to the supplier before the start of the 3rd free practice.
- For Saturday and Sunday, each driver receives a total of eight sets of tires (four sets per specification). One set of each must be returned before qualifying.
- In qualifying there is a free choice of tires; in the race, each driver must use both available tire compounds for at least one lap each. Exception: during rain races.
Other special features with regard to the tires:
- All drivers who were qualified for the 3rd qualifying must start the race with the same tires with which they drove their fastest lap in the 2nd qualifying (this only applies if both the 2nd qualifying and the race itself are below dry conditions). If the tires are damaged in qualifying, the decision to replace them with a different set of tires is made by the FIA (example: after qualifying for the 2011 Italian Grand Prix , Nico Rosberg had a brake plate and was then allowed to use a used set of tires from free practice for safety reasons)
- The tires are only considered "used" at the moment when the vehicle's time transponder has signaled that it has left the pit lane.
- the decision as to whether a race is declared wet is up to the race director.
There are 5 different dry tires in the 2019 season. Three tire compounds are selected for each race. These are called Soft (red marking), Medium (yellow) and Hard (white). The mixture for which these names stand differs between the races. Pirelli himself describes the mixtures with C1 (hard), C2, C3, C4 and C5 (soft).
It can happen, for example, that the compounds C1, C2 and C3 are selected and the tire C3 therefore corresponds to the compound "Soft". However, if C3, C4 and C5 are selected, it is the hard tire.
This was different in previous seasons. Each mixture always had its own color and name. In 2018 there was a record number of 7 different dry tires (Hypersoft, Ultrasoft, Supersoft, Soft, Medium, Hard, Superhard).
The colors of the rain tires have not changed (intermediate: green, full-wet: dark blue).
Engines
- Engine development has been free again since 2017.
- With the introduction of standardized electronics, however, manufacturers are allowed to work on the airbox, the suction trumpets, the injection system and the pumps until the second season run in Malaysia. The engines will then be frozen until the end of 2017. A new engine formula will then be introduced.
- The engines must not exceed a speed of 18,000 rpm.
- Each driver receives 3 engines per season, which must be sufficient for the entire season
- The engines can be changed at every race weekend, but the engine that you use in qualifying must also be used in the race.
Electronics and gears
- All gearboxes used have to survive five race weekends. If a transmission has to be changed beforehand, the driver loses five starting positions. The gear ratio may be changed once a weekend.
- Every car must be equipped with standard electronics from MES.
- Jump start, traction control and braking assistance have been abolished.
GP Fridays and Tests
- The free training sessions on Friday last 90 minutes. The start is, with a few exceptions, at 10:00 and 14:00 local time.
- Since both sessions do not count towards the weekend, each driver can use four sets of new tires.
- Each team is allowed to use two cars on Friday and, in addition to the Grand Prix drivers, also allow the nominated third driver to play.
- The drivers are to be nominated by 4 p.m. the day before the training.
- Apart from the GP Fridays, a total of 15,000 km per year can be used as a test distance. This contingent also includes shakedowns and straight-line aerodynamic tests. Exception: promotional events, but only if it can be proven that tires that are used on a racing weekend are not used.
- The FIA and the teams are responsible for monitoring the test limit.
- The complete number of kilometers is counted for laps that have been started.
- Since 2011 there has been a uniform test ban for all teams. The FIA only approves 4 weeks of testing on selected racetracks before the start of the season. Only one driver of the team is allowed to test each day.
- Exceptions here are if a driver is absent due to injuries and the team makes a special request to have a replacement driver tested.
Qualifying
- Qualifying has been held in three parts (Q1 – Q3) since the 2006 season. In the first 18-minute (until 2013 20 minutes) session, all drivers drive with any tire compound. The six slowest drivers will not qualify for Q2 (provided 22 cars take part. With 24 cars, seven will be eliminated, with 26 there will be eight). The 107 percent rule has also been in effect since 2011 .
- The second session lasts 15 minutes. Here, too, the slowest six drivers (or seven or eight, just like in Q1) are eliminated.
- Drivers who are eliminated before the 3rd session have a free choice of tires for the start of the race.
- The fastest ten will drive for pole position in the 12-minute Q3 (10 minutes until 2013). Since in previous years some drivers only drove a few laps to protect the tires or did not take part at all, an additional set of tires has only been made available for Q3 since the 2014 season.
- The drivers have to start the race with the tires with which they set their fastest lap in Q2 (Q3 until 2013).
Safety car
- The pit lane has been open again since 2009 while the safety car is on the track. As in the normal course of the race, work on the car is allowed, tire changes and other maintenance work are permitted.
- Since 2012, lapped cars have been allowed to drive past again during the safety car phase and thus lap themselves back.
- If the race has to be started behind the safety car because of rain, the extreme rain tires are mandatory for all cars. The minimum distance has been increased from five to ten car lengths.
Others
- From now on, 5.75% biomass is added to the gasoline, similar to conventional gas station gasoline.
- The fuel temperature may still be a maximum of 15 ° C below the outside temperature. Meteo France now uniformly measures one hour before the start, at a precisely defined point within the tank. Later temperature changes are not taken into account.
- The cockpit sides have been increased by 5 cm due to security improvements. The side head protection has an area of 3300 cm²
- An assembled replacement car is no longer allowed. Should this be necessary, it must be assembled from spare parts.
- Refueling is not permitted during a race.
- There are only three basic tire compounds (soft, medium, hard), each of which is divided into 3 different types (C1, C2, C3).
Flag sign
The flags are used for communication between the marshals or the race management and the drivers, for example in order to inform them in good time of dangerous situations. Since the 2007 season, the flags have also been shown on a display on the steering wheel. At the 2008 Singapore GP - the first night race in Formula 1 - digital flags (matrix lighting systems with the respective flag color) were used for the first time on the entire route.
In Formula 1, the international flag symbols specified by the FIA apply.
Punish
If the drivers behave illegally, for example if they cause an early start or if the speed limit in the pit lane (normal: 80 km / h; on some racetracks 60 km / h, e.g. in Monaco) is exceeded, the stewards will impose penalties imposed on them. While, for example, if the speed in the pit lane is too high during training (as of 2019), only a fine is levied (€ 100 per km / h over the limit), the same offense in the race is d. Usually lead to a drive-through or stop-and-go penalty. The gravity of the offense determines which punishment is given. As a rule, these are the following (the order from top to bottom corresponds to the severity of the punishment):
- 5- or 10-second penalty: the driver has to wait an additional 5 or 10 seconds in the pit at the next pit stop. If he no longer drives into the pit lane during the race, the time is added to the total time.
- Drive- through penalty : The driver must drive once through the pit lane, observing the corresponding speed limit. He is not allowed to stand still and to change tires, for example, he has to drive into the pit again.
- Stop-and-go penalty : As drive-through penalty, but the driver must stop in the pit lane for 10 seconds before he can continue. During this time nothing may be changed on the car.
- The driver will be disqualified (for example after crossing the red pit light or because of unsporting behavior).
- In the event of three warnings from the race stewards: The driver will be banned from a race.
Similar to the traffic offenders record in Flensburg, there are also penalty points for drivers in Formula 1. Depending on the offense, in addition to the above-mentioned penalties in the race, 1 to 3 penalty points can also be awarded. If a driver reaches 12 penalty points, he will be banned from a race. Penalty points are generally deleted 1 year after their entry.
In addition, there are so-called grid penalties , i.e. penalties that cause the driver to be relocated on the starting grid. For example, changing the engine or changing certain parts of the drive unit will result in a penalty of 5 or 10 places if the limit is exceeded (for some parts 3 are allowed per season, for example engines - for other parts only 2). A premature gear change results in a 5-place penalty transfer. If such penalties accumulate at least 15 places in a race, the driver must start from the end of the grid.
Failure to comply with a drive-through penalty or stop-and-go penalty after three laps will result in disqualification. If the race is still running, this is indicated by the race marshal with the black flag and the number of the car concerned. If a drive-through penalty or a stop-and-go penalty is pronounced in the last five laps of the race or immediately after the end, 20 or 30 seconds are added to the race time. It is then not necessary to drive to the pit lane.
Distribution of points
| Scoring | |||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| space | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4th | 5 | 6th | 7th | 8th | 9 | 10 | |||||
| Points | 25th | 18th | 15th | 12 | 10 | 8th | 6th | 4th | 2 | 1 | |||||
In general, points at the Formula 1 World Championship are only awarded for the respective race, but not for qualifying . For the placements there has been the following distribution of points since the 2010 season (see table). Since the 2019 season there has also been a point for the fastest race lap if it is among the top 10.
This means that a driver can achieve a maximum of 26 points and a team a maximum of 44 points per race. If, for example, a race has to be stopped due to heavy rain or a serious accident before 75% of the race distance has been completed, the points will be halved. In this case the first receives 12.5 points, the tenth half a point. However, this has only happened five times in the history of Formula 1: Spain 1975 (serious accident), Austria 1975, Monaco 1984, Australia 1991 and Malaysia 2009 (both due to heavy rain). In 2014, however, there was an exception when awarding points at the season finale: In this race, the scores were scored twice in both the drivers 'and constructors' championships (the winner thus received 50 points with a full score, the second-placed 36 points, etc.). However, this regulation was lifted after the 2014 season, so that the normal distribution of points also applies to the last race.
Before 2010 only the first eight drivers received points (distribution: 10, 8, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2 and 1), before 2003 only the first six drivers (distribution: 10, 6, 4, 3, 2 and 1 ; before 1991: 9, 6, 4, 3, 2 and 1; in the 1950s only the first five drivers: 8, 6, 4, 3, 2 and 1 extra point for the fastest race lap ).
Until the 1980s, there were so-called strike results . For each driver only a certain number of results were considered, the worst results were deleted again. With the then somewhat higher failure rate, not many pilots were affected. The year 1979 remains an exception : the mode at that time divided the season into two halves (seven and eight races respectively), from which only the four best results were counted.
Since the 2019 season, the driver who drives the fastest race lap has been awarded an extra point. However, for the additional point you have to be within the first 10, if this is not the case, the point will not be awarded.
Start numbers
The start numbers were awarded at the beginning of each season in the order of the teams in the constructors' championship of the previous year until 2013. Only the first two starting numbers (1 and 2) are worn by the two cars of the reigning driver world champion's team. The world champion can take his number 1 with him when changing teams, as Fernando Alonso did when he switched to McLaren in 2007. However, if the reigning world champion no longer competes, the team that won the constructors' world championship was assigned a 0 next to the 2 instead of the 1. Damon Hill last drove with the number 0 in the 1994 season , as Alain Prost won the world title in 1993 and then ended his career as a Formula 1 driver. The starting number 13 was usually not awarded, the last time Divina Galica started in the 1976 Formula 1 season with the starting number 13. Pastor Maldonado was the first to start again with the starting number 13 in the 2014 Formula 1 season . Within a team, the starting number sequence was not based on the results of the previous season, but the starting numbers were assigned by the teams themselves. According to this, a pilot who remained completely without points in the previous year could get a lower start number than the current vice world champion.
Since the 2014 Formula 1 season , drivers have been able to choose a freely available starting number in the range from 2 to 99, which they can keep throughout their Formula 1 career. The world champion of the previous season is free to choose whether to choose start number 1 or drive with his personal start number.
Starting number 17 has not been awarded in his honor since the death of driver Jules Bianchi .
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Marco Helgert: First endurance test for new tire markings. In: motorsport-total.com. April 8, 2007.
- ↑ formula1.com 2014 season changes (accessed April 10, 2014)
- ↑ Formula 1 tires: details and technical data | Pirelli. Retrieved June 23, 2019 .
- ↑ Sven Haidinger: “FIA approves qualifying changes”. Motorsport-Total.com, March 14, 2014, accessed March 15, 2014 .
- ^ An overview of the World Council resolutions for 2012 , motorsport-total.com of December 7, 2011; Accessed June 25, 2012
- ↑ Formula 1 penalty points 2019: The overview of the current status. Accessed on January 7, 2020 .
- ↑ FIA Sporting Regulation 2014 Art. 6.4. (P. 3)
- ↑ Süddeutsche Zeitung: The extra point for the fastest lap comes. Retrieved September 8, 2019 .