After the successful European football championship in 1980 , Belgium entered the qualification on a wave of euphoria and was able to prevail in European group 2 against opponents as strong as vice world champions Netherlands and Ireland. France was relegated to second place, but just like Belgium qualified for the World Cup, as a tournament with 24 teams was held for the first time. It was Belgium's first participation in a World Cup since the 1970 World Cup in Mexico .
For the opening game of this World Cup, Belgium was drawn against defending champion Argentina. With a goal by Erwin Vandenbergh, an opening game has not ended goalless since the 1962 World Cup in Chile . Two narrow wins and one draw were enough to win the group and qualify for the intermediate round.
After two defeats against Poland and the USSR, Belgium finished last in this group and were eliminated from the tournament. The absence of injured top performers Jean-Marie Pfaff and Eric Gerets was particularly noticeable in the clear defeat against Poland.