Georgplatz (Dresden)

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Georgplatz
Place in Dresden
Georgplatz
Georgplatz from the tower of the New Town Hall , 2010; Atrium I on the left ( Robotron site , demolished in 2015/16), on the far right the student residence at St. Petersburger Str. 21 .
Basic data
place Dresden
District Inside Old Town / Pirnaische suburb / Seevorstadt
Created around 1850
Newly designed around 1965
Confluent streets Bürgerwiese , St. Petersburger Strasse ( B 170 ), Waisenhausstrasse
use
User groups Pedestrian traffic , bicycle traffic , public transport , car traffic
Space design Grain monument

The Georgplatz is a largely undeveloped square in the city center of Dresden . It was created after the Jewish pond was drained around 1850 and was built on in the following years. His most famous building was the Kreuzschule, built in 1864/65 on the east side . All adjacent buildings were destroyed in the air raids on Dresden in 1945. The square, named after the penultimate Saxon King Georg , is located in the area of ​​the north-south main street St. Petersburger Strasse, which was expanded in 1965 and has since been characterized by traffic areas and green spaces in between.

location

The square is located in the district of Altstadt I in the area between the historic city center and the Dresden suburbs . It is located in the city ​​district of Altstadt exactly at the corner point between the statistical districts of Innere Altstadt in the north, Pirnaische Vorstadt in the east and Seevorstadt-Ost / Großer Garten in the west. If you take the historical city districts as a basis, the east side of Georgplatz belongs to the Pirnaische Vorstadt and the west side to the Seevorstadt , whereas the old town center begins around 100 meters further north at the New Town Hall .

Today Georgsplatz referred primarily to the intersection area between the respective four-lane trains St. Petersburg road and Waisenhausstraße / Bürgerwiese , with the actual, original elongated and to 1945 aggregate of intact buildings Georgsplatz stretched significantly further south. This means that Georgplatz, along with Pirnaischer and Dippoldiswalder Platz as well as Rathenau, Antons and Postplatz, is one of the squares along the promenade ring around the inner old town.

traffic

Georgplatz plays a central role in Dresden's city traffic. Here the inner-city north-south main line (St. Petersburger Strasse) meets as a section of the federal highway 170 at a spacious intersection with the beginning of Dresden's most important arterial road to the southeast, the Bürgerwiese (former federal highway 172 ). In addition, Georgplatz marks the southeast corner of the promenade ring around the inner old town and thus the eastern end of Dr.-Külz-Ring and Waisenhausstraße. Several traffic lights regulate the traffic, but due to the high volume of these, the square is still a hotspot for accidents. Six lines of the Dresden tram run across Georgplatz in separate track beds and two bus lines also operated by the Dresden Transport Authority (DVB). However, there are no stops there. The nearest public transport stations are several 100 meters away at Hans-Dankner-, Walpurgis- and Prager Strasse as well as at Pirnaischer Platz.

layout

Grain monument
Photo library df ps 0003837 x.jpg
Dresden Georgplatz Theodor Körner Monument, bronze statue by Ernst Julius Hähnel.jpg


Condition around 1960 and 2015
Sign at the natural monument

Today's center of Georgplatz is the oval traffic island at the intersection of the broad traffic trains, each with a median, St. Petersburger Strasse and Waisenhausstrasse / Bürgerwiese. The square is characterized by asphalt, largely multi-lane, directional lanes bordered by footpaths, which are framed by green spaces, some of which are lined with trees. In the middle of the traffic island, stairs lead down to underground supply systems for street lighting .

A white mulberry, which has been protected as a natural monument ND 82 since June 10, 1999, stands on the triangular traffic island between the lanes of St. Petersburger Strasse heading north and Bürgerwiese . With a height of around 18 meters and a trunk circumference of 2.90 meters, it is considered a rare specimen in terms of size and shape. Their planting time is estimated at around 1865, roughly the time when Georgplatz was first created. The tree survived the air raids on Dresden in 1945; In 2011, the sealing of the immediate vicinity was also reduced.

In the immediate vicinity of the tree is the grain memorial , which was last thoroughly restored in 2001/02 and commemorates the poet and playwright Theodor Körner . Financed by the Güntz Foundation from Justus Friedrich Güntz , it was made by Ernst Hähnel and unveiled on October 18, 1871. It survived World War II with some damage. After a renovation, it was re-erected on October 18, 1952 and has since stood a little lost and without any urban reference points in the wide square, so that the location was sometimes publicly discussed. According to the will of the city administration, however, it should remain there in order to preserve the authentic cultural-historical references in Dresden's inner city that still existed after the war damage. The bronze statue is protected as a cultural monument.

Development

Only a few buildings enclose the large space at Georgplatz. The next building to the east is Atrium I, which was built around 1972 and is part of the Robotron site . The complex with two inner courtyards is a six-storey building in the style of socialist modernism. It initially housed the large research center of the Robotron combine (GFZ), from which the Center for Research and Technology (ZFT) emerged on January 1, 1974 at the same location, which in turn became part of the VEB Robotron-Elektronik Dresden (RED) on July 1, 1984 . After the fall of the Wall in the GDR , the building, whose facade is decorated with a wave-shaped, relief-like facing made of Meissen ceramics, was initially empty in the 1990s and was then used by schools. Around 2010/11 there were plans to renovate the building and to accommodate part of the city administration or a school, which failed. The building was demolished in August 2015, and others followed. Up to 3,000 apartments are to be built on the 9.8 hectare Robotron site by 2025.

The south side of Georgplatz was undeveloped before 1945. There is the Bürgerwiese , an approximately ten hectare landscaped garden. Mentioned for the first time under this name as early as 1458, the Bürgerwiese is the oldest green space in Dresden. After a city council resolution in 1838, Carl Adolph Terscheck redesigned the site by 1850. Today the closest building in a south-westerly direction is the most northerly of the three student residences at St. Petersburger Strasse at number 21. Erected in 1963 as one of the first large-panel buildings in the city using pure concrete, it is now a listed building .

To the west, Georgplatz is bordered by the undeveloped area around Ferdinandplatz , which has been largely used as a parking lot since 2002 . Closest is building in the north, the 1905 to 1910 according to plans by Karl Roth built New Town Hall on Town Hall Square and Dr. Külz ring.

history

Jüdenteich on a city map, ca.1759.
An oversized perforated screen marks the original course of the Kaitzbach at Georgplatz

Clearly recognizable until the early modern period, the Seegrabenrinne , a natural depression that emerged from an oxbow lake of the Elbe , ran in the area of ​​today's Georgplatz . Coming from the south-east it led along the Bürgerwiese further west to Dippoldiswalder Platz. At the later Georgplatz there was a particularly deep spot that was filled by the Jewish pond . Immediately to the north of today's Georgplatz was the Jupiter Bastion of the Dresden fortifications , initially known as Salomonisberg, so the square is just outside the city center.

The Seegrabenniederung was considered to be the border between the Borngasse community in the northeast and the Halbeulengasse community in the southwest. After the founding of the Dresden suburbs , the border between Pirnaischer and Seevorstadt emerged. In the 18th century the suburban communities grew up to the Jüdenteich. As a result, its quays were built on. The road running along the west side of the Jüdenteich was considered to be the beginning of the Dohnaische Gasse from 1815, i.e. the road from Dresden via Lockwitz to Dohna , from which the federal road 172 emerged. After the fortifications were razed in 1825, traffic on this route increased significantly. There were many civil gardens in the immediate vicinity, which led to a positive perception of the area around the Jewish pond, as can be seen in the following description from 1804:

“From the Seethore left, then right, between new buildings, half the Eulengasse leads us [...] to one of the most beautiful, free spaces in the city, the so-called Jüdenteich. This quarter begins with the orphanage and the orphanage and prison, a sizable building in the Pirna'schen suburb , with a 19-window front, and goes along the Bürgerwiese, which belongs to the magistrate and is bordered with a high stone wall is, up to Dohna's loft . "

In connection with the ongoing development, the Jewish pond was filled in in 1849. This created space for a square that initially remained unnamed. However, the exhibitions and theatrical performances often shown on it were announced as taking place on the Jüdenteich or Am Jüdenteich. From 1861 the newly designed area was called Dohnaischer Platz, in 1871 it was finally named Georgplatz in honor of the younger son of the then King Johann (1801–1873): Georg von Sachsen (* August 8, 1832 in Dresden; † October 15, 1904 in Pillnitz ) had been crown prince since the death of his father and from 1902 himself king.

On the north side of the square stood the orphanage church built from 1777 to 1780 according to plans by the architect and Dresden councilor Christian Heinrich Eigenwillig (1732–1803) until it was demolished in 1897. The orphanage church of the same name was built between 1710 and 1713 with possible assistance from George Bähr and destroyed again in 1760 Had replaced the previous building. The church, which was the seat of the Dresden Mission from 1836 to 1848 , had to give way - just like the other buildings in the neighboring orphanage that had been vacant since 1879 - to give way to the planned new buildings.

Kreuzschule on Georgplatz, in front of it the grain monument, around 1940.

The initially vacant lot on the east side of the square was built with the Kreuzschule in 1864 and 1865 according to plans by Christian Friedrich Arnold (later Georgplatz 6). The Dresden art historian Fritz Löffler described the four-wing complex with its two inner courtyards and the seven-axis porch, which is advanced in terms of risk, as “missing” in view of its urban significance. The main reason for the controversy of the building was its neo-Gothic style, which made it an absolute exception in the midst of the neo-renaissance buildings of the Dresden Semper Nicolai School, which was prevalent at the time . The building housed the school of the same name , whose history dates back to the 13th century, and included the grammar school and the boarding school of the Dresden Kreuzchor . In the event of an air raid on Dresden during World War II , the Kreuzschule was intended to serve as an alternate point for the task force that coordinates the relief efforts in the city. The building was destroyed in the heavy air raids in February 1945, and the ruins were removed in 1950.

After the demolition of the orphanage and orphanage church, the 9th district school (from 1919: 9th elementary school, house number 4) and the 1st community school (from 1919: 46th elementary school; 1920–1933 experimental school) were adjacent to the Kreuzschule to the north Plans by Hans Erlwein . The house at Georgplatz 8 south of the Kreuzschule belonged to the Pröll Heuer Foundation. Opposite were houses. The Association for the Promotion of Dresden had set up a "reading museum" on the 1st floor of a representative building on Georgplatz. It was a media library that had, among other things, an entertainment and ladies' room in the English style, a writing room and several reading rooms where visitors could read around 100 German daily newspapers. From the end of the 19th century, Georgplatz was the end of several tram lines. From that time on, the Waisenhausstrasse / Johannesstrasse traffic train formed its northern end.

There were three monuments on the square: the northernmost showed the Kreuzkantor Ernst Julius Otto . The bust, inaugurated in 1886, with four boys on the base, symbolizing the four-part singing, was made by Gustav Adolph Kietz . It was melted down for war purposes in 1942. A copy based on preserved plaster casts and interpreted by Niklas Klotz has been on the square in front of the Kreuzkirche since August 2010 . To the south of it, once in the middle in front of the Kreuzschule, the monument to the writer and Dresden-born Kreuzschule student Theodor Körner has stood since 1871. Members of the “ Albertstadt - Prussian Quarter ” regulars' table and the Saxon Military History Working Group lay at the memorial . V. Dresden every year on the anniversary of Körner's death on August 26th, laying a wreath. In doing so, they are continuing a tradition that began in 1949. As the southernmost and last of the three monuments, a portrait bust of the writer Karl Gutzkow was erected in 1887 , which was created by Emmerich Andresen and, like the Otto monument, melted down for armament purposes during the Second World War.

View from the tower of the New Town Hall over the ruins at Georgplatz to the Bürgerwiese , 1945/46.

In February 1945, all buildings on Georgplatz were destroyed by the air raids on Dresden or at least so badly damaged that they had to be demolished in the following years. After the ruins had been cleared, the old road network was initially retained. Christianstrasse was lengthened to Georgplatz and in 1965 it was expanded to become a north-south thoroughfare. The road network was completely reorganized. On April 22, 1970, Christianstrasse was given the new name Leningrader Strasse, which a year later also passed to the square, which was no longer visible in the cityscape. The street was named after Leningrad, today's Saint Petersburg , twin town of Dresden since 1961. In the 1960s to 1980s, the current buildings were built some distance from the original square. In 1990 the square got its previous name Georgplatz back.

Stephan Braunfels won an urban planning ideas competition for Georgplatz held in January 1993 . Central concerns were the recompaction of this urban space through the creation of new buildings and the visualization of the original dimensions of the square. This should be made possible by the dismantling of St. Petersburger Strasse, which was envisaged in the Dresden traffic concept in 1994, following the relocation of through traffic from the city center. The construction of small-scale sales and service facilities also belonged to the competition specifications. However, the plans have not yet been implemented.

literature

  • Hans Brunner: Lost Dresden around Georgplatz. In: State Capital Dresden, City Museum, Werner Barlmeyer (Ed.): Dresdner Geschichtsbuch 11th DzA-Verlag, Altenburg 2005.
  • Karlheinz Kregelin: The name book of the streets and places in the 26er Ring , Fly Head Verlag, Halle 1993, ISBN 978-3-930195-01-5 .
  • Heinrich Magirius: The Kreuzschule at Georgplatz in Dresden - an exemplary neo-Gothic school building. In: Dresdner Geschichtsverein e. V. (Ed.): Schola crucis, schola lucis? Tradition and redefinition of the cross school and cross choir. Dresden booklets . Contributions to cultural history, edition 30, Dresden 1992 ( digitized version ).
  • Urban development ideas competition “Georgplatz” in Dresden's old town. In: competitions current , vol. 23, no. 7, 1993, pp. 29–40.

Web links

Commons : Georgplatz  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Themed city map Dresden: Explanatory text on the white mulberry Georgplatz. Retrieved April 6, 2013.
  2. ↑ The “White Mulberry” natural monument at Georgplatz will be shortened. In: dresden.de. State capital Dresden, July 30, 2002, accessed on August 15, 2015 (press release).
  3. ^ St. Petersburger Strasse / Georgplatz: Improvements for cyclists. In: dresden.de. State capital Dresden, June 24, 2011, accessed on August 16, 2015 (press release).
  4. ↑ Sabine Bachert: Theodor Körner Monument remains where it has been since 1952. In: Sächsische Zeitung , June 12, 2009.
  5. ↑ a b Cultural monuments on the Dresden themed city map. Retrieved April 6, 2013.
  6. ↑ robotron - history (s) and technology. Operations of the Robotron combine. robotron.foerderverein-tsd.de, accessed on April 2, 2013.
  7. ^ Thomas Kantschew: Robotrongelände Dresden. The nucleus of micro-electronics for Silicon Saxony. das-neue-dresden.de, accessed on April 2, 2013.
  8. ↑ Thomas Kantschew: Robotron. ostmodern.org, accessed April 2, 2013.
  9. ↑ Bettina Klemm: Technical town hall in the Robotron area? TLG Immobilien GmbH is promoting the renovation of the Robotron atrium. The city wants to announce its decision after the summer. In: Sächsische Zeitung , July 13, 2010. Retrieved April 2, 2013.
  10. ↑ New idea: mega-school in Lingnerstadt. As a location for a new town hall, the former Robotron area is off the table. Now it should help in the fight against lack of space in schools. ( Memento of April 29, 2013 in the web archive archive.today ) In: Sächsische Zeitung , December 22, 2011. Retrieved on April 2, 2013.
  11. ↑ Lars Kühl: First Robotron complex is being demolished. In: Sächsische Zeitung , August 19, 2015.
  12. ^ Sebastian Burkhardt: Lingnerstadt is taking shape. Dresden Latest News, May 13, 2017, accessed on September 17, 2017 .
  13. ^ Sylvia Butenschön: History of the Dresden city green. Workbooks of the Institute for Urban and Regional Planning of the TU Berlin, No. 68, Berlin 2007, ISBN 978-3-7983-2035-2 , p. 140 f.
  14. ↑ The city ​​offers parking at Georgplatz in the run-up to Christmas. In: dresden.de. State capital Dresden, November 25, 2002, accessed on August 15, 2015 (press release).
  15. ↑ See illustration from the Deutsche Fotothek : View of the area at the former Jewish pond, now Georgplatz in Dresden, copper engraving, around 1825. Retrieved on April 2, 2013.
  16. ↑ From the History of the Inner Suburbs. dresden-und-sachsen.de, accessed on April 2, 2013.
  17. ^ Friedrich Christian August Hasse : Dresden and the surrounding area to Elsterwerda, Bautzen, Herrnhut, Rumburg, Aussig, Töplitz, Freyberg and Hubertusburg. A presentation for nature and art lovers, first part. 2nd increased edition, Arnoldische Buch- und Kunsthandlung, Dresden 1804. pp. 221–222.
  18. ^ Adolf Hantzsch : Name book of the streets and squares of Dresden. In: Communications of the Society for the History of Dresden , Hefte 17/18, Verlaghandlung Wilhelm Baensch, Dresden 1905, p. 48.
  19. ^ Fritz Löffler : The old Dresden - history of its buildings . EA Seemann, Leipzig 1981, ISBN 3-363-00007-3 , p. 502 .
  20. ↑ See illustration of the orphanage church on bildindex.de: Dresden: Orphanage church with Jewish pond on Georgplatz. Around 1845. Retrieved April 2, 2013.
  21. ↑ "From Dresden to the World" - the founding commemoration of the Leipziger Missionswerk on August 17th. Leipziger Missionswerk commemorates its foundation 175 years ago. ( Memento of March 6, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Evangelical Lutheran Church of Saxony , August 11, 2011. Retrieved on April 2, 2013.
  22. ^ Fritz Löffler : The old Dresden - history of its buildings . EA Seemann, Leipzig 1981, ISBN 3-363-00007-3 , p. 352 f .
  23. ↑ Mahndepots in Dresden. Georgplatz 6. Location 20. mahndepots.de, accessed on April 2, 2013.
  24. ↑ Old pond area at the gates of the city. Where the new Kreuzschule building once stood. In: Dresdner Latest News , February 26, 1993, p. 13.
  25. ^ Friedrich Kummer: Guide through Dresden and the Elbe area. Self-published, Dresden 1913, p. 115 ( digitized version ).
  26. ↑ Nothing reminds you of the reading museum on Georgplatz. In: Dresdner Latest News , February 3, 1997, p. 14.
  27. ↑ digitalis.uni-koeln.de: A. Die Altstädter Linien (left of the Elbe). (PDF; 2.8 MB). Retrieved April 2, 2013.
  28. ^ Inauguration of the monument to Kreuzkantor Ernst Julius Otto. In: dresden.de. State capital Dresden, August 10, 2010, accessed on August 16, 2015 (press release).
  29. ↑ Manfred Buder, Rolf Winkler: A wreath for Theodor Körner. In: Dresdner Latest News , September 1, 2003, p. 7.
  30. ↑ Brigitte Holland: In the mood for a stroll over Georgplatz? Urban planning ideas competition advertised nationwide. In: Dresdner Latest News , February 26, 1993, p. 13.
  31. ↑ Redesign of Georgplatz in Dresden. 1st prize in an urban design ideas competition. braunfels-architekten.de, accessed on March 12, 2018.

Coordinates: 51 ° 2 ′ 46.5 ″  N , 13 ° 44 ′ 30 ″  E