The history of the city of Hattingen ranges from fortification privileges to the steel industry
The history of the city of Hattingen is closely linked to the history of the Ruhr area . While a Reichshof Hattnegen was first mentioned in a document around 990, the church dates from 1200. The actual year of the city's foundation is 1396, when the city was allowed to build a fortification.
Hattingen belonged to the county of Mark and later came with this to Brandenburg-Prussia . Due to its favorable location directly on the Ruhr and a spate iron deposit , heavy industry settled in 1854 with the Henrichshütte . The hut has been closed since 1987, since then Hattingen has been in the process of restructuring .
Around 2000 BC there are said to have been settlement areas in Holthausen, Welper and on the west side of the Isenberg. The Hilinciweg probably already led in the Neolithic through the Balkhauser Tal and the Bergisches Land into the Cologne Bay .
In 715 the Saxons conquered the Franconian Gau of the Hatuarians on the lower reaches of the Ruhr. Part of the Chattuarenland (around Herbede and Hattingen) becomes Saxon. The conflicts between Saxons and Franconian Hatuarians continued until the Franks conquered the entire region around 800.
990
In a document of Essen Abbey is Reichshof Hatneggen (Hattingen) mentioned with its chapel for the first time.
1005
In the two Weistürmern of the Hattingen court, written down in 1498 and 1534, there is a detailed account of a donation from the later Emperor Heinrich II. To the Deutz monastery , which is said to have taken place in 1005. A confirmation by existing documents is not possible. On May 3, 1020, Archbishop Heribert of Cologne transferred all properties that had been donated to the Deutz Monastery, which he founded, on the day of his consecration. This also included the church and the court in Hattingen. Historians regard this document as a monastic forgery.
The Isenburg is the Earl of Hoevel , Arnold of Altena and his brother, the archbishop of Cologne I. Adolf built. It is strategically located between the capital of the Archdiocese of Cologne and the capital of the Duchy of Westphalia, Soest .
Friedrich von Isenberg , son of Arnold von Altena, killed his second uncle, Archbishop Engelbert von Berg (1186–1225) , in 1225 . Despite a immediately after being beaten bussresa to Rome it is next year in Cologne whacked and publicly displayed on a stone pillar as a deterrent.
Count Adolf II von der Mark , great-great-grandson of Adolf I lays the foundation stone for Haus Kliff . Haus Kliff was a manor near Hattingen and was used to monitor crossings on and on the Ruhr. Today there is a retirement home at this point (Birchelsmühle)
1396
Count Dietrich von der Mark allowed the people of Hatting to build a city fortification. The so-called fortification privilege is generally regarded as the elevation of Hattingen to the city, since it elevates the inhabitants of the previously unprotected place to residents of a castle-like complex, to citizens. The first fortifications still consist of wickerwork between oak posts, as Dietrich does not grant the Hattingers the right to dismantle stones for the city wall.
1406
The city is given the privilege of pouring wine.
1424
During the war between the two brothers, Count von der Mark Adolf IV and Gerhard von der Mark zu Hamm (in the wake of the conflict Graf zur Mark), the town was completely burned down except for two houses when it was captured by Bergische troops. The city has to be rebuilt, but another city fire followed in 1429. Among other things, the church is badly affected, so that most of its construction date from after 1450.
1435
The city receives the privilege of holding weekly and annual markets.
1486
On May 24, 1486, Duke Johann grants Hattingen the privilege of being able to excise . The two mayors and the council are given the right to enact their own laws and statutes. They are also allowed to break stones from 1486 to strengthen the city fortifications. From 1500 the Hattinger replaced the previous oak wattle wall with a double stone wall with a moat. There were seven city towers (including the Bruchtorturm , Wingartsturm, Kleiner Turm, Lucker Turm, Fangturm) and five gates (Bruchtor, Heggertor, Holschentor , Steinhagentor , Weiltor).
Early modern age
The Hattingen besiegers were able to fight from the upper floors of the fortified houses on the city wall. During the Thirty Years War they were able to defend the city for ten days before giving up.
The Chaussee is built, which is later called Sprockhöveler Straße, Reichsstraße 51 and today Bredenscheider Straße.
1854
The discovery of the Hattinger Spateisenflözes led to a fundamental change in the region. Count Henrich zu Stolberg-Wernigerode from the Bruch manor in Welper acquired the first 76 acres of land to build the Henrichshütte in 1854 , thus laying the foundation for heavy industry to move in. Although the iron seam is quickly exhausted, the favorable location directly on the Ruhr contributes to the fact that the Henrichshütte's production has dominated the local economy for over 100 years.
The Chaussee Hattingen – Blankenstein– Steinenhaus is opened.
1868
On August 7, 1868, a fire broke out in the barn of the distillery owner Weygand . In the end ten houses and workshops were more or less destroyed. A few weeks later the Hattingen volunteer fire brigade was founded. 160 men immediately joined the fire brigade as active members.
The Koster Bridge with a length of 311.60 m is opened.
1929
As part of a major municipal reform, the previous district of Hattingen is incorporated into the newly formed Ennepe-Ruhr district .
1932
The political conflicts of the Weimar Republic reach Hattingen. While the workers at Henrichshütte are mainly organized in the KPD and SPD, works manager Arnold, nominally a member of the DNVP , supported the NSDAP early on, both financially and through his local influence. In 1932, an SA troop shot a communist activist out of a moving car. 10,000 workers from Hattingen, Bochum and the surrounding area come to the funeral ceremony.
time of the nationalsocialism
year
event
from 1933
On March 28, 1933, the city of Hattingen made Adolf Hitler an honorary citizen. After the transfer of power, the National Socialists began to systematically take action against the Social Democrats and Communists, who were strong in Hattingen. On May 2, 1933, the SA arrested the trade union manager and dissolved the free trade unions in Hattingen as part of the harmonization process . On September 12, 1933 the first prisoner transport runs six KPD members in the sub-camp Papenburg of KZ Esterwegen . Numerous others followed, and the camp itself became known as the Moorsoldaten camp .
from 1939
During the entire period of National Socialism , forced laborers were employed in Hattingen, especially again in the Henrichshütte, which had a special position in armaments production from the beginning of the war. At the end of 1944, almost 50% of the Heinrichshütte workforce was made up of French, Serbian and Soviet prisoners of war , Belgian, Italian, Dutch and Polish civilian workers and Italian military internees . While the western workers are largely free to move around in Hattingen, eastern workers , Soviet prisoners of war and Italian military prisoners are housed in camps. After the end of the war, 356 deaths are recorded, 20% of them due to poor living conditions and 31 cases of violent death. The number of unreported cases is unknown - on April 11, 1945, the District Office in Schwelm ordered both the destruction of files and the liquidation of the existing camps in Hattingen in Aktion Richard .
During the Second World War, Hattingen was hit by Allied bombings several times, with the Henrichshütte being a primary target, for example in May 1940, May and July 1943 and March 1944. The townscape has been shaped by the war since 1944. Signs refer to suction points and extinguishing water ponds . In order to escape the population from the city, e.g. B. in large wildfires to enable central collection points are set up, u. a. on Rathausplatz, the area on Reschop, the area on Schulstrasse and Bruchtorplatz. On March 14, 1945, a heavy attack was carried out on both Hattingen and the Henrichshütte using 1200 explosive bombs. 144 people are killed and the power supply is destroyed. Just four days later, on March 18, 1945, there was another attack with 800 explosive bombs, in which 30 people died and the water supply was destroyed.
from 1941
The first Jews from Hattingen were ghettoized on June 28, 1941 in the rifle factory on the Ruhr Bridge. In April and July 1942, most of them were deported in three transports to Zamosc and Theresienstadt and murdered.
In the 1970s, the then owner Thyssen began slowly dismantling the Henrichshütte. Between 1976 and 1986 a third of the former 24,000 jobs in the city are lost. The opening of the new Koster Bridge in 1980, in order to better connect the Henrichshütte to the transport network, cannot continue the trend. The Thyssen AG shuts down the Henrichshütte from autumn 1986 in phases. Despite resistance from the entire region, the last shift on December 18, 1987 ended the story of a 133-year blast furnace tradition. In the following years, larger parts of the plant were blown up, for example the gasometer in 1994 and the steel mill in 2005.
1993
Since reunification, there have been arson attacks across Germany on dormitories for asylum seekers and on private houses inhabited by migrants. On the night of June 5th, fire breaks out in the house of a Turkish family on Unionstrasse in Hattingen, and arson seems likely. After the first general outrage, a demonstration and appeals for donations, the mood turned against the family: the police and the public prosecutor's office argue that the family set their apartment on fire themselves. The mother is charged with arson and pretending to be a criminal. At the end of 1993 the family left the city. In 1996, a court in Bochum acquitted the family of the allegations made against them.
1996
Three iron people , sculptures by the Polish sculptor Zbigniew Frączkiewicz , remain on the city wall in memory of the Henrichshütte steel production.
Heinrich Eversberg : The medieval Hattingen. Cultural history and settlement geography of a city on the Ruhr. Homeland and history association Hattingen 1985
Erich Juethe: Hattingen in the Second World War . Hattinger Heimatmuseum, Hattingen 1960
Anja Kuhn / Thomas Weiß (eds.): Forced labor in Hattingen . Klartext, Essen 2003, ISBN 3-89861-203-1
Thomas Griesohn-Pflieger: Hattingen: City anniversary: Hattingen is moving: 600 years of Hattingen ; Hattingen: City of Hattingen, 1996
IG Metall (ed.): Learning from history. IG Metall commemoration in honor of the victims of Hitler's fascism on Saturday, November 10, 1979 1979
Thomas Weiß: Hattingen Chronicle. Essen: Klartext-Verlag, 1996, ISBN 3-88474-489-5
Thomas Weiß: "I will never forget these tears ...". History of the synagogue community in Hattingen. Hattingen City Archives, Hattingen 2006 ( Download as PDF )
Ludorff, Franz Darpe : The architectural and art monuments of the district of Hattingen. Verlag Ferdinand Schöningh, Paderborn 1909
Hommel, Gaby: Fire in a small town. On the arson attack in Hattingen and its consequences, in: Vogel, Wolf Dieter: Der Lübeck arson attack. Facts, questions, parallels to a judicial scandal, Berlin 1996, ISBN 3-88520-605-6
Trial group for the Hattingen case (ed.): Hattingen-Lübeck: The arson attacks in the barbarization of society, Berlin / Göttingen 1998, ISBN 3-924737-43-6
