Same-Sex Marriage Legislation in the United States

Legal status of same-sex partnerships in the states of the USA

Same-sex marriage

The current state of same-sex marriage is complicated.

The legislation on same-sex marriage in the United States is at the level of individual states regulated.

At the state level

In 1996, the United States Congress approved the Defense of Marriage Act (DOMA), which was signed by President Bill Clinton . The act defines the terms “marriage” and “spouse” and thus prohibits same-sex marriages at the state level. The reason for the ban was a bill legalizing same-sex marriages that was being debated in the Hawaiian Senate at the time. It was feared that if gay marriages were approved (but not approved), same-sex couples would travel to Hawaii to get married, and so the federal or state would have to recognize these marriages. The Defense of Marriage Act allows same-sex couples who have previously married in a state that recognizes same-sex marriage cannot have their marriage recognized in another state that does not issue these types of licenses. Opponents of the Defense of Marriage Act specifically point out that this law allows couples who For example, if you married in Massachusetts, you can benefit from the 1,138 laws and benefits that the United States makes available to heterosexual spouses.

The DOMA challenge was decided by the Supreme Court in Washington on June 26, 2013 in favor of same-sex couples. In future, married same-sex couples will be treated equally at the federal level.

Since February 2014, homosexual couples who go to the registry office have been given further rights at the federal level across the country, including the same rights in the case of personal bankruptcies, widows' pensions, the right to refuse to testify in federal courts, or the right to visit federal prisons.

At national level

From the 1990s onwards, same-sex marriages became a political issue. Coastal states in particular legalized unregistered partnerships, but also limited registered partnerships. The Massachusetts court order made the New England state the first state in the United States to legalize same-sex marriage. However, there were mainly states in the south and in the interior of the United States that changed the constitution to prohibit marriage for same-sex couples.

On June 26, 2015, the US Supreme Court declared same-sex marriage permissible in all states.

Efforts to legalize same-sex marriages and partnerships

State	date	Art	senate		Chamber of Deputies		governor	Result
			Yes	No	Yes	No
District of Columbia	June 1992	Unregistered partnerships	approved				signed	Yes
Vermont	April 1994	Reciprocal Beneficiary Relationship	27	14th	87	42	signed	Yes
California	September 1994	Unregistered partnerships	21st	17th	41	26th	veto	No
Hawaii	March 1996	Unregistered partnerships	14th	11	failed		-	No
Hawaii	June 1997	Reciprocal Beneficiary Relationship	24	7th	43	27	signed	Yes
California	September 1999	Unregistered partnerships	22nd	14th	41	36	signed	Yes
Vermont	April 2000	Registered partnerships	19th	11	79	68	signed	Yes
California	October 2001	Registered partnerships	23	11	41	32	signed	Yes
California	September 2003	Registered partnerships (expansion)	23	14th	41	33	signed	Yes
New Jersey	January 2004	Unregistered partnerships	23	9	41	28	signed	Yes
Maine	April 2004	Unregistered partnerships	19th	14th	84	58	signed	Yes
Utah	February 2005	Reciprocal Beneficiary Relationship	10	18th	-	-	-	No
Connecticut	April 2005	Registered partnerships	27	9	85	63	signed	Yes
Maryland	May 2005	Unregistered partnerships	31	16	83	50	veto	No
California	June 2005	Same-sex marriage	-	-	37	36	-	No
Oregon	July 2005	Registered partnerships	19th	10	-	-	-	No
California	September 2005	Same-sex marriage	21st	15th	41	35	veto	No
District of Columbia	April 2006	Registered partnerships	approved				signed	Yes
Colorado	November 2006	Registered partnerships	Referendum (47% to 53%)					No
New Jersey	December 2006	Registered partnerships	23	12	56	19th	signed	Yes
Washington	April 2007	Registered partnerships	28	19th	63	35	signed	Yes
Oregon	May 2007	Registered partnerships	21st	9	34	26th	signed	Yes
New Hampshire	May 2007	Registered partnerships	14th	10	243	129	signed	Yes
new York	June 2007	Same-sex marriage	-	-	85	61	-	No
California	September 2007	Same-sex marriage	22nd	15th	42	34	veto	No
New Mexico	January 2008	Registered partnerships	-	-	33	31	-	No
Washington	March 2008	Registered partnerships (expansion)	29	20th	62	32	signed	Yes
Maryland	May 2008	Unregistered partnerships	39	19th	44	39	signed	Yes
District of Columbia	May 2008	Registered partnerships (expansion)	approved				signed	Yes
New Mexico	February 2009	Registered partnerships	17th	25th	-	-	-	No
Vermont	April 2009	Same-sex marriage	23	5	100	49	veto	Veto lifted
Montana	April 2009	Unregistered partnerships	-	-	failed		-	No
Colorado	April 2009	Designated Beneficiary Relationship	23	10	41	24	signed	Yes
Connecticut	April 2009	Same-sex marriage	28	7th	100	44	signed	Yes
Maine	May 2009	Same-sex marriage	21st	14th	89	58	signed	stopped in referendum until 2012  Yes (allowed in another referdenum from 2012)
District of Columbia	May 2009	Same-sex marriage (recognition only)	approved				signed	Yes
Washington	May 2009	Registered partnerships (expansion)	30th	18th	62	35	signed	Yes
Nevada	May 2009	Registered partnerships	14th	7th	28	14th	veto	Veto lifted
New Hampshire	June 2009	Same-sex marriage	14th	10	198	176	signed	Yes
Wisconsin	June 2009	Unregistered partnerships	17th	16	50	48	signed	Yes
California	October 2009	Recognition of foreign and pre- Proposition 8 marriages	24	14th	44	27	signed	Yes
new York	December 2009	Same-sex marriage	24	38	89	52	-	No
District of Columbia	December 2009	Same-sex marriage	n / A		11	2	signed	Yes
Rhode Island	January 2010	Unregistered partnerships	31	3	67	3	veto	Veto lifted
New Jersey	January 2010	Same-sex marriage	14th	20th	-	-	-	No
Minnesota	May 2010	Unregistered partnerships	41	24	78	55	signed	Yes
Hawaii	July 2010	Registered partnerships	18th	7th	31	20th	veto	No
new York	July 2010	Unregistered partnerships	50	11	127	26th	signed	Yes
Illinois	January 2011	Registered partnerships	32	24	61	52	signed	Yes
Hawaii	February 2011	Registered partnerships	18th	5	31	19th	signed	Yes
Colorado	March 2011	Registered partnerships	23	12	-	-	-	No
Washington	April 2011	Recognition of foreign marriages as registered partnerships	28	19th	58	39	signed	Yes
Delaware	May 2011	Registered partnerships	13	6th	26th	15th	signed	Yes
new York	June 2011	Same-sex marriage	33	29	80	63	signed	Yes
Rhode Island	June 2011	Registered partnerships	62	11	21st	16	signed	Yes
California	June 2011	Registered partnerships (expansion)	24	15th	floating		...
New Jersey	2012	Same-sex marriage	...	...	floating		veto	No
Washington	February 2012	Same-sex marriage					signed	Yes
Maryland	February 2012	Same-sex marriage					signed	Yes
Colorado	March 2013	Registered partnerships					signed	Yes
Rhode Island	January 2013	Same-sex marriage	26th	12	51	19th	signed	Yes
Delaware	April 2013	Same-sex marriage	12	9			signed	Yes
Minnesota	May 2013	Same-sex marriage	37	30th	75	59	signed	Yes
Illinois	November 2013	Same-sex marriage	32	21st	61	54	signed	Yes
Hawaii	November 2013	Same-sex marriage	20th	04	30th	19th	signed	Yes
Delaware	May 2013	marriage	12	9	23	18th	signed	Yes
Minnesota	May 2013	marriage	37	30th	75	59	signed	Yes
Illinois	November 2013	marriage	32	21st	61	54	signed	Yes
Wyoming	February 2014	marriage			17th	41		No

Efforts to ban same-sex partnerships through constitutional amendments

State	Prohibition of	date	Yes	No	Result
1998:
Alaska	Same-sex marriage	November 1998	68% (152,965)	32% (71,631)	Yes
Hawaii	Same-sex marriage	November 1998	69% (285,384)	31% (117,827)	Yes
2000:
Nebraska	All forms	November 2000	70% (450,073)	30% (189,555)	Yes
2002:
Nevada	Same-sex marriage	November 2002	67% (337,183)	33% (164,555)	Yes
2004:
Arkansas	Same-sex marriage and registered partnerships	November 2004	75% (753,770)	25% (251,914)	Yes
Georgia	Same-sex marriage and registered partnerships	November 2004	76% (2,454,912)	24% (768,703)	Yes
Kentucky	Same-sex marriage and registered partnerships	November 2004	75% (1,222,125)	25% (417,097)	Yes
Louisiana	Same-sex marriage and registered partnerships	September 2004	78% (618,928)	22% (177,103)	Yes
Michigan	All forms	November 2004	59% (2,698,077)	41% (1,904,319)	Yes
Mississippi	Same-sex marriage	November 2004	86% (957,104)	14% (155,648)	Yes
Missouri	Same-sex marriage	August 2004	71% (1,055,771)	29% (439,529)	Yes
Montana	Same-sex marriage	November 2004	67% (295,070)	33% (148,263)	Yes
North Dakota	Same-sex marriage and registered partnerships	November 2004	73% (223,572)	27% (81,716)	Yes
Ohio	Same-sex marriage and registered partnerships	November 2004	62% (3,329,335)	38% (2,065,462)	Yes
Oklahoma	Same-sex marriage and registered partnerships	November 2004	76% (1,075,216)	24% (347,303)	Yes
Oregon	Same-sex marriage	November 2004	57% (1,028,546)	43% (787,556)	Yes
Utah	Same-sex marriage and registered partnerships	November 2004	66% (593,297)	34% (307,488)	Yes
2005:
Kansas	Same-sex marriage and registered partnerships	April 2005	70% (414,106)	30% (178,018)	Yes
Texas	Same-sex marriage and registered partnerships	November 2005	76% (1,718,513)	24% (536,052)	Yes
2006:
Alabama	Same-sex marriage and registered partnerships	June 2006	81% (734,746)	19% (170,399)	Yes
Arizona	Same-sex marriage and registered partnerships	November 2006	48% (721,489)	52% (775,498)	No
Colorado	Same-sex marriage	November 2006	56% (768,700)	44% (612,155)	Yes
Idaho	Same-sex marriage and registered partnerships	November 2006	63% (281,823)	37% (163,191)	Yes
South carolina	Same-sex marriage and registered partnerships	November 2006	78% (818,894)	22% (230,674)	Yes
South Dakota	All forms	November 2006	52% (172,237)	48% (160,756)	Yes
Tennessee	Same-sex marriage	November 2006	81% (1,417,315)	19% (326,335)	Yes
Virginia	All forms	November 2006	57% (1,325,668)	43% (1,003,967)	Yes
Wisconsin	Same-sex marriage and registered partnerships	November 2006	59% (1,260,554)	41% (861,554)	Yes
2008:
Arizona	Same-sex marriage	November 2008	56% (1,258,355)	44% (980,753)	Yes
California	Same-sex marriage	November 2008	52% (7,001,084)	48% (6,401,482)	Yes
Florida	Same-sex marriage and registered partnerships	November 2008	62% (4,890,883)	38% (3,008,026)	Yes
2012:
Minnesota	Same-sex marriage	November 2012	...	...	No

Referendums to amend the code to allow or forbid same-sex partnerships

State	date	Yes	No	Explanation	Result
California	March 2000	61% (4,618,673)	39% (2,909,370)	Modification of family law by: Only marriage between a man and a woman is valid or recognized in California.	Yes; unconstitutional
Colorado	November 2006	47% (641,443)	53% (727,433)	Creation of registered partnerships for same-sex couples.	No
Maine	November 2009	53% (299,021)	47% (265,076)	In November 2009, Maine voters were asked to vote on same-sex marriage.	No
Washington	November 2009	53.2% (950,000)	46.8% (804,032)	Washington citizens had to vote on expanding registered partnerships to give them the same rights as heterosexual couples.	Yes

Judicial decisions to create same-sex partnerships / marriages

State	date	Vote for it	Votes against	Explanation	Result	led to
Minnesota	October 1971	0	7th	The Minnesota Supreme Court ruled that the prohibition of same-sex marriage in the law is not unconstitutional.	No	-
Hawaii	December 1997	3	2	A court ruled that the code's prohibition on same-sex marriages was inconsistent with the constitutional non-discrimination clause, but was later overturned in a referendum.		by referendum
Vermont	December 1999	5	0	Same-sex marriages or similar must be created within 100 days.	Yes	Registered partnerships
Massachusetts	November 2003	4th	3	The Supreme Court ordered same-sex marriages to be established within 180 days.	Yes	marriage
new York	July 2006	2	4th	The Supreme Court ruled that the prohibition of same-sex marriages in the law is not unconstitutional.	No	-
Washington	July 2006	4th	5	The Supreme Court ruled that the prohibition of same-sex marriages in the law is not unconstitutional.	No	-
New Jersey	October 2006	4th	3	Same-sex marriages or the like must be introduced within 100 days.	Yes	Registered partnerships
Maryland	September 2007	3	4th	The Supreme Court ruled that the prohibition of same-sex marriages in the law is not unconstitutional.	No	-
California	May 2008	4th	3	Same-sex marriage must be introduced within 30 days.	Yes	referendum
Connecticut	October 2008	4th	3	Same-sex marriages must be introduced within 30 days.	Yes	marriage
Iowa	April 2009	7th	0	Same-sex marriages must be introduced within 27 days.	Yes	marriage
California	May 2009	1	6th	The California Supreme Court ruled that Proposition 8 will be upheld. This decision was declared null and void in the first instance before a federal court in August 2010 because it was incompatible with the federal constitution, but this will only become final after the appeal bodies have been exhausted.	No	-
new York	October 2009	3	2	It was decided that New York State should maintain recognition of foreign same-sex marriages.
Wisconsin	June 2010	0	7th	The Supreme Court ruled that same-sex marriage ban would be upheld.
Texas	September 2010	failed		A Texas court ruled that the ban on same-sex marriages was in violation of the American Constitution and handed the hearing to the Texas Court of Appeal, which ruled that the ban could be upheld as it was not unconstitutional.
Minnesota	March 2011	failed		The court ruled that the ban on same-sex marriages would be upheld.
New Jersey	October 2013			The court ruled that the judicial opening of the marriage would be maintained.	Yes	marriage
New Mexico	December 2013			The court ruled that the state would open marriage.	Yes	marriage
Utah	December 2013			The court ruled that the state would open marriage.	Yes	marriage
Oregon	May 2014			The court ruled that the state would open marriage. The verdict has not been temporarily suspended.	Yes	marriage
Pennsylvania	May 2014			The court ruled that the state would open marriage. The verdict has not been temporarily suspended.	Yes	marriage
Colorado	July 2014			The court ruled that the state would open marriage. The verdict has not been temporarily suspended.	Yes	marriage
Virginia	July 2014			The court ruled that the state would open marriage. The verdict has not been temporarily suspended.	Yes	marriage
West Virginia	October 2014			The court ruled that the state would open marriage. The verdict has not been temporarily suspended.	Yes	marriage
Oklahoma	October 2014			The court ruled that the state would open marriage. The verdict has not been temporarily suspended.	Yes	marriage
North Carolina	October 2014			The court ruled that the state would open marriage. The verdict has not been temporarily suspended.	Yes	marriage
Wisconsin	October 2014			The court ruled that the state would open marriage. The verdict has not been temporarily suspended.	Yes	marriage
Indiana	October 2014			The court ruled that the state would open marriage. The verdict has not been temporarily suspended.	Yes	marriage
Nevada	October 2014			The court ruled that the state would open marriage. The verdict has not been temporarily suspended.	Yes	marriage
Idaho	October 2014			The court ruled that the state would open marriage. The verdict has not been temporarily suspended.	Yes	marriage
Arizona	October 2014			The court ruled that the state would open marriage. The verdict has not been temporarily suspended.	Yes	marriage
Alaska	October 2014			The court ruled that the state would open marriage. The verdict has not been temporarily suspended.	Yes	marriage
Wyoming	October 2014			The court ruled that the state of Wyoming will open marriage. The verdict has not been temporarily suspended.	Yes	marriage
Missouri	November 2014			The court ruled that the state would open marriage. The verdict has not been temporarily suspended.	Yes	marriage
Kansas	November 2014			The Washington DC Supreme Court ruled Kansas for homosexual equality in marriage law.	Yes	marriage
Montana	November 2014			The Washington DC Supreme Court ruled Montana for equality for homosexuals in marriage law.	Yes	marriage
South carolina	November 2014			The Washington DC Supreme Court ruled South Carolina for homosexual equality in marriage law.	Yes	marriage
Florida	January 2015			The Florida court ruled homosexual equality in marriage law.	Yes	marriage
Alabama	February 2015			The Alabama court ruled homosexual equality in marriage law.	Yes	marriage

See also

• Same-sex marriage legislation
• Registered partnership
• Same-sex marriage
• Laws on homosexuality
• Rainbow family

Web links

Commons : Same-sex marriage  - Collection of pictures, videos, and audio files

• 365gay.com: Overview of individual countries and states

Individual evidence

1. ↑ zeit.de: Lesbians and gays achieve victory in the Supreme Court
2. ^ Advocate: Fed-Extending numerous rights same-sex spouses couples
3. ↑ zeit.de:USA-Homo-Ehe,US-Justizminister equals homosexual couples in court at the federal level
4. ^ Zeit Online: Highest US court declares gay marriage nationwide
5. ^ Senate OKs Bill on Rights for Unwed Couples. PQSAB , accessed September 9, 2009 . 
6. ^ Wilson: no to domestic partnership bill. Newsbank , September 12, 1994, accessed September 9, 2009 . 
7. ↑ Gay marriages get thumps up in state senate. Google News , March 6, 1996, accessed September 9, 2009 . 
8. ↑ Wendy Cloyd: New Jersey Legislature Adopts Civil Unions. Citizen Link , December 15, 2006, accessed November 4, 2009 . 
9. ^ Washington State Passes Domestic Partnership Bill. (No longer available online.) US Politics , April 12, 2007, formerly original ; Retrieved November 4, 2009 .  ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.    
10. ^ Roberta Sklar: Task Force hails Oregon Senate passage of domestic partnership legislation covering same-sex couples. (No longer available online.) The Task Force , May 2, 2007, archived from the original on November 4, 2009 ; Retrieved November 4, 2009 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
11. ^ New York governor to propose legalizing same-sex marriage. CNN , April 14, 2009, accessed November 4, 2009 . 
12. ^ Roberta Sklar: Task Force Action Fund denounces New Mexico Senate's rejection of comprehensive domestic partnership bill. (No longer available online.) The Task Force , February 21, 2008, archived from the original on November 6, 2009 ; Retrieved November 4, 2009 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
13. ^ Brad Luna: WA domestic partnership expansion bill signed into law. Free Press , March 13, 2008, accessed November 4, 2009 . 
14. ^ MV Jantzen: DC Council Passes Domestic Partner Law Expansion. (No longer available online.) DCist May 16, 2008, archived from the original on February 19, 2010 ; Retrieved November 4, 2009 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
15. ↑ Steven Terrell: Domestic partnership bill fails in Senate. (No longer available online.) Santa Fe New Mexican , Feb. 26, 2009, archived from the original on May 23, 2011 ; Retrieved November 4, 2009 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
16. ↑ David Abel: Vermont legalizes same-sex marriage. The Boston Globe , April 8, 2009, accessed November 4, 2009 . 
17. ^ Lauren Russell: Equality in Montana should be a right. (No longer available online.) Montana Kaimin , April 9, 2009, formerly the original ; Retrieved September 9, 2009 .  ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.    
18. ↑ Chase Matthews: Connecticut Gov. signs gay marriage into law. Chicago Pride , April 23, 2009, accessed November 4, 2009 . 
19. ↑ Abby Goodnough: Gay Marriage Advances in Maine. New York Times , May 5, 2009, accessed November 4, 2009 . 
20. ↑ Portland Press Herold: Mainers vote down gay marriage law . ( Memento of the original from November 7th, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. November 4, 2009.  
21. ↑ Tim Craig: Uproar in DC as Same-Sex Marriage Gains. Washington Post , May 5, 2009, accessed November 4, 2009 . 
22. ↑ Washington Expands Domestic Partnerships, Offers Almost-Marriage. (No longer available online.) Family Fairness , April 16, 2009, archived from the original on February 12, 2011 ; Retrieved November 4, 2009 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
23. ↑ Nevada legalizing domestic partnerships. CNN , May 31, 2009, accessed November 4, 2009 . 
24. ↑ Norma Love: Gay Marriage: New Hampshire Makes Same-Sex Marriage Legal. Huffington Post , June 3, 2009, accessed November 4, 2009 . 
25. ↑ Jim Burroway: Wisconsin Senate Approves Domestic Partnerships. Box Turtle Bulletin , June 17, 2009; accessed November 4, 2009 . 
26. ↑ States Assembly approves law clarifying rights of same-sex couples married outside of California. (No longer available online.) Out in Hollywood , formerly the original ; Retrieved September 9, 2009 .  ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.    
27. ↑ 20min.ch:No gay marriage in New York
28. ↑ RttNews: Washington, DC Mayor Signs Law Legalizing Same-Sex Marriage
29. ↑ CBSNews:
30. ↑ New York Times:
31. ↑ OnTop: Citing Marriage, Tim Pawlenty Rejects Gay Rights Bill
32. ↑ Honolulu Advertiser: Hawaii Senate debates civil unions bill ( Memento of the original from March 24, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. 
33. ^ Advocate: Funeral leave bill passes Ny senate
34. ↑ Chicago Pride: Illinois House passes civil unions legislation in historic vote
35. ↑ OnTop: Illinois Senate OK's Civil Unions For Gay & Lesbian Couples
36. ↑ Civil Unions Legalized in Illinois  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
37. ^ Hawaii State Legislature 2011 Regular Session SB232 SD1
38. ↑ Advocate: Colorado Senate Passes Civil Unions Bill ( Memento of the original from July 20, 2012 in the web archive archive.today ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
39. ↑ DenverPost: House panel kills Colorado civil unions bill on 6-5 party-line vote
40. ↑ apps.leg.wa.gov
41. ^ WashingtonBlade: 2011 to bring new marriage fights across US
42. ^ Advocate: Delaware Senate passes civil unions bill
43. ^ Advocate: Delaware house to vote on civil unions
44. ↑ Cuomo Will Make Gay Marriage a "Priority"
45. ↑ Andrew Cuomo Pledges Gay Marriage 'Priority'
46. ↑ Advocate: RI House Passes Civil Unions Bill ( Memento of the original from May 25, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
47. ↑ Equality California: Legislation to Close Gap between Marriage and Domestic Partnership Advances ( Memento of the original dated August 3, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
48. ↑ Equality California: Domestic Partnership Equality Act ( Memento of the original dated December 10, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
49. ↑ North Jersey: Lawmaker introduces bill for gay marriage
50. ^ Senate approves gay marriage; House passage not assured
51. ^ Maryland Governor to sign gay marriage legislation on March 1, 2012
52. ^ Advocate: Victorious Step in Long Fight
53. ↑ advocate.com:Rhode Island marriage equality bill be introduced Thursday
54. ↑ advocate.com:Delaware House to Vote on Same-Sex Marriage Bill
55. ^ New York Times: Delaware Becomes the 11th State to Allow Same-Sex Marriage
56. ^ Minnesota, CBS: Sen. Dibble Plans To Introduce Gay Marriage Bill This Week
57. ^ Advocate: Minnesota Gov. Signs Marriage Equality Into Law
58. ^ Advocate.com:Ill. Lawmakers May Consider Marriage Equality Bill Wednesday
59. ↑ Advocate.com : Hawaii consider Marriage Equality
60. ↑ Advocate.com: Hawaii passes Marriage Equality
61. ↑ queer.de:Hawaii opens marriage
62. ^ Status of House Bill 75
63. ^ Bill Status for HF 1054 .
64. ↑ Bill Status of SB10
65. ^ Ray Long: Illinois Senate approves gay marriage - chicagotribune.com . In: Chicago Tribune , February 14, 2013. 
66. ↑ Wyoming House defeats bill aimed at legalizing same-sex marriages
67. ↑ Full Results ( Memento of the original from October 11, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
68. ^ Colorado Referendum I full results. CNN, accessed October 4, 2009 . 
69. ↑ February 1781167.html WCO: gay marriage ban pro
70. ↑ nujournal.com
71. ↑ queer.de: New Jersey: Marriage opening comes into force
72. ^ Advocate.com: New Mexico Supreme Court declares statewide marriage
73. ↑ Advocate.com:Feral Appeals court wont stop Utah marriages
74. ↑ queer.de:Oregon opens marriage for same-sex couples
75. ↑ queer.de:Pennsylvania opens marriage to same-sex couples
76. ↑ queer.de : Also the marriage ban in Colorado is unconstitutional
77. ↑ queer.de : Again victory, marriage ban in Virginia unconstitutional
78. ^ Advocate: West Va. Won't Fight Marriage Equality
79. ↑ ^{a b c} Queer.de: lawsuits dismissed, USA: five other states must open marriage
80. ^ Advocate: BREAKING: North Carolina Now Has Marriage Equality
81. ^ Advocate: WATCH: Nev. Sen. Proposes on Live TV, But When Can He Marry?
82. ^ Advocate: Idaho, Couples can marry wednesday
83. ^ Advocate: Arizona Now Has Marriage Equality
84. ^ Advocate: Alaska marriage ban struck down
85. ^ Advocate: Federal Judge Strikes Down Wyoming's Marriage Ban
86. ↑ Queer.de : Judgment, St. Louis opens marriage
87. ↑ Queer.de:Siege for marriage opening in Kansas and South Carolina
88. ↑ Queer.de:Montana also has to open marriage
89. ^ New York Times: Supreme Court Allows Same-Sex Marriages to Proceed in South Carolina
90. ↑ Queer.de: Florida in marriage fever
91. ↑ GGG.at:Alabama: First homosexual marriages, Supreme Court rejected the state with a request for postponement