Legal situation for same-sex couples

Legal situation for same-sex couples
Homosexuality legal

Same sex marriages

Other forms of same-sex partnerships

Recognition of same-sex marriages (concluded at home or abroad)

Conditional recognition of same-sex partnerships at federal but not state level

No recognition of same-sex partnerships

Restriction of freedom of expression

Homosexuality illegal

De jure punishable, de facto no prosecution

Sensitive penalties

(Prison for life

death penalty

Two people of the same sex can marry in different Western countries . In other countries there are other legal institutions for the recognition of these couples, in particular in the form of registered partnerships . In contrast, other countries do not recognize same-sex couples or make homosexuality a criminal offense.

Forms of legal same-sex partnership

Same-sex marriages are currently nationally legal in 28 states; in chronological order these are: the Netherlands , Belgium , Spain , South Africa , Canada , Norway , Sweden , Portugal , Iceland , Argentina , Brazil , Denmark , Ecuador , France , Uruguay , New Zealand , Luxembourg , Finland , Ireland , the United States of America , Colombia , Germany (since October 1, 2017), Malta , Australia , Austria , Taiwan and Costa Rica . Within the UK , same-sex marriage is possible in all parts of England , Scotland , Wales and Northern Ireland . In addition, the British overseas territories of the Pitcairn Islands , the Falkland Islands , Gibraltar and - by court order - Bermuda , the US outer territory of Guam and the autonomous island of Greenland belonging to Denmark have opened the marriage. In Mexico, the capital district of Mexico City and the states of Coahuila , Quintana Roo , Chihuahua and Nayarit opened marriage.

Many other states and regions have provided same-sex couples with registered partnerships as an alternative form of recognition. This is to be distinguished from unregistered partnerships, as they are regulated by law in Israel, for example : Here, the partners are granted extended rights vis-à-vis individuals, such as maintenance or inheritance law; but since there is no registration, a court may have to determine a marriage-like relationship between the partners.

Efforts to legalize or legally expand same-sex partnerships and marriages

Same-sex marriage has been a very controversial issue around the world for years, and some states anticipated constitutional changes in the early 1990s to prohibit same-sex marriages. Because of the conflicting nature of the issue, many governments prefer registered partnerships for legal regulation. Currently, some controversially discussed bills for the introduction of same-sex marriages have been proposed in several states.

Registered partnerships were first successfully introduced in Denmark in June 1989 . Before this point in time, many states had already made unregistered partnerships available. Since a registered partnership was approved in Denmark, numerous (mainly European) states have passed laws that recognized certain forms of partnerships. The first country to adopt same-sex marriage was the Netherlands in December 2000.

Numerous legislative proposals are currently being debated in parliamentary deliberations. The following tables provide an overview of the legalization processes in the individual countries:

Country	date	Kind of partnership	Upper chamber		Lower chamber		Head of state	Result
			Yes	No	Yes	No
Netherlands	June 1979	Unregistered partnerships	approved		approved		signed	Yes
Netherlands	December 1980	Unregistered partnerships (expansion)	approved		approved		signed	Yes
Netherlands	November 1984	Unregistered partnerships (expansion)	approved		approved		signed	Yes
Denmark	June 1986	Unregistered partnerships	n / A		approved		signed	Yes
Sweden	January 1988	Unregistered partnerships	n / A		approved		signed	Yes
Norway	January 1989	Unregistered partnerships	n / A		approved		signed	Yes
Denmark	June 1989	Registered partnerships	n / A		approved		signed	Yes
Norway	April 1993	Registered partnerships	18th	16	58	40	signed	Yes
Sweden	June 1994	Registered partnerships	n / A		171	141	signed	Yes
Spain	November 1994	Unregistered partnerships	approved		approved		signed	Yes
Canada	May 1995	marriage	-	-	52	124	-	No
Hungary	May 1996	Unregistered partnerships	n / A		207	73	signed	Yes
Iceland	June 1996	Registered partnerships	n / A		approved		signed	Yes
Netherlands	July 1997	Registered partnerships	approved		approved		signed	Yes
Slovakia	May 1997	Registered partnerships	failed		-	-	-	No
Andorra	December 1997	Civil union	n / A		11	17th	-	No
Czech Republic	June 1998	Registered partnerships	-	-	failed		-	No
France	October 1998	Pacte civil de solidarité	-	-	failed		-	No
Belgium	November 1998	Unregistered partnerships	approved		approved		signed	Yes
Belgium	January 1999	Registered partnerships	approved		approved		signed	Yes
Sweden	March 1999	Registered partnerships (expansion)	n / A		approved		signed	Yes
Denmark	June 1999	Registered partnerships (expansion)	n / A		61	48	signed	Yes
France	November 1999	Pacte civil de solidarité	approved		315	249	signed	Yes
Czech Republic	December 1999	Registered partnerships	-	-	69	91	-	No
South Africa	1999	Unregistered partnerships	approved		approved		signed	Yes
Slovakia	2000	Registered partnerships	failed		-	-	-	No
Canada	April 2000	Civil partnership	approved		174	72	signed	Yes
Iceland	May 2000	Registered partnerships (extension: adoption law)	approved		49	1	signed	Yes
New Zealand	2000	Unregistered partnerships	n / A		70	44	signed	Yes
Germany	November 2000	Registered life partnership	approved		approved		signed	Yes
Netherlands	December 2000	marriage	75	26th	109	33	signed	Yes
Canada	2000	Unregistered partnerships	approved		approved		signed	Yes
Portugal	March 2001	Unregistered partnerships	n / A		approved		signed	Yes
Finland	September 2001	Registered partnerships	n / A		approved		signed	Yes
Czech Republic	October 2001	Registered partnerships	-	-	failed		-	No
Czech Republic	2002	Unregistered partnerships	approved		approved		signed	Yes
Sweden	June 2002	Registered partnerships (expansion)	n / A		approved		signed	Yes
Italy	October 2002	Registered partnerships	161	154	failed		-	No
United Kingdom	January 2003	Unregistered partnerships	approved		approved		signed	Yes
Belgium	February 2003	marriage	46	15th	91	22nd	signed	Yes
Denmark	May 2003	Registered partnerships (expansion)	-	-	49	60	-	No
Denmark	May 2003	Registered partnerships (expansion)	-	-	45	60	-	No
Denmark	May 2003	Registered partnerships (expansion)	-	-	43	61	-	No
Denmark	June 2003	Registered partnerships (expansion)	-	-	11	94	-	No
Croatia	July 2003	Unregistered partnerships	approved		n / A		signed	Yes
Liechtenstein	2003	Registered partnerships	10	15th	n / A		-	No
United Kingdom	November 2004	Civil partnerships	251	136	426	29	signed	Yes
New Zealand	December 2004	Civil union	65	55	n / A		signed	Yes
Norway	2004	marriage	n / A		failed		-	No
Luxembourg	2004	Pacte civil de solidarité	n / A		approved		signed	Yes
Panama	2004	Civil union	failed		n / A		-	No
Germany	December 2004	Registered civil partnerships (expansion)	approved		approved		signed	Yes
Czech Republic	February 2005	Registered partnerships	-	-	failed		-	No
Andorra	March 2005	Registered partnerships	approved		n / A		signed	Yes
Slovenia	March 2005	Registered partnerships	-	-	failed		-	No
New Zealand	March 2005	Unregistered partnerships (expansion)	n / A		76	43	signed	Yes
Sweden	June 2005	Registered partnerships (expansion)	n / A		approved		signed	Yes
Switzerland	June 2005	Registered partnerships	approved		approved		not mandatory; Referendum: 58% yes	Yes
Spain	June 2005	marriage	veto		183	136	signed	Yes
Canada	June 2005	marriage	47	21st	158	133	signed	Yes
Slovenia	July 2005	Partnerships	approved		44	3	signed	Yes
Croatia	October 2005	Registered partnerships	n / A		failed		-	No
Poland	2005	Registered partnerships	38	23	-	-	-	No
Czech Republic	March 2006	Registered partnerships	65	14th	86	54	veto	Yes veto overruled
Belgium	April 2006	Marriage (extension of adoption law)	77	62	34	33	signed	Yes
Denmark	June 2006	Registered partnerships (expansion)	n / A		49	62	-	No
Iceland	June 2006	Registered partnerships (expansion)	n / A		41	0	-	Yes
France	June 2006	Pacte civil de solidarité (expansion)	approved		approved		signed	Yes
Finland	October 2006	Registered partnerships (expansion)	n / A		approved		signed	Yes
South Africa	November 2006	Marriage and civil partnerships	approved		230	41	signed	Yes
Portugal	December 2006	Unregistered partnerships (expansion)	n / A		approved		veto	No
Italy	February 2007	Registered partnerships	failed		-		-	No
Colombia	June 2007	Civil union	29	34	62	43	-	No
Luxembourg	July 2007	marriage	22nd	38	n / A		-	No
Hungary	December 2007	Registered partnerships	n / A		185	154	signed	No, unconstitutional
Uruguay	December 2007	Registered partnerships	approved		approved		signed	Yes
Iceland	May 2008	Registered partnerships (expansion)	n / A		54	0	-	Yes
Norway	June 2008	marriage	23	17th	84	41	signed	Yes
Romania	July 2008	Registered partnerships	failed		-	-	-	No
Ecuador	September 2008	Civil union	Constitutional vote (63.93%)					Yes
Portugal	October 2008	marriage	n / A		28	202	-	No
Portugal	October 2008	marriage	n / A		failed		-	No
Australia	November 2008	Unregistered partnerships	approved		approved		signed	Yes
Sweden	April 2009	marriage	n / A		261	22nd	signed	Yes
Hungary	April 2009	Registered partnerships	n / A		199	159	signed	Yes
France	May 2009	Foreign partnerships as PACS	approved		approved		signed	Yes
Finland	May 2009	Registered partnerships (extension of adoption law)	n / A		108	29	signed	Yes
Denmark	June 2009	Registered partnerships (expansion)	n / A		107	2	signed	Yes
Portugal	August 2009	Unregistered partnerships (expansion)	n / A		approved		veto	No
Uruguay	September 2009	Registered partnerships (extension of adoption law)	17th	6th	40	13	signed	Yes
Austria	December 2009	Registered partnerships	44	8th	110	64	signed	Yes
Portugal	January 2010	marriage	n / A		failed		-	No
Portugal	January 2010	marriage	n / A		failed		-	No
Portugal	January 2010	Registered partnerships	n / A		failed		-	No
Albania	February 2010	marriage	n / A		failed		-	No
Hungary	February 2010	Unregistered partnerships (expansion)	n / A		approved		veto	Yes, veto was outvoted
Australia	February 2010	marriage	5	45	-	-	-	No
Portugal	May 2010	marriage	n / A		125	99	signed	Yes
Denmark	June 2010	Registered partnerships (expansion)	n / A		60	54	signed	Yes
Denmark	June 2010	marriage	-	-	52	57	-	No
Iceland	June 2010	marriage	n / A		49	0	signed	Yes
Ireland	July 2010	Civil Partnerships and Unregistered Partnerships	48	4th	approved		signed	Yes
Argentina	July 2010	marriage	33	27	125	109	signed	Yes
Portugal	August 2010	Unregistered partnerships (expansion)	n / A		approved		signed	Yes
Germany	September 2010	marriage	failed		-	-	-	No
Germany	October 2010	Registered civil partnerships (expansion)	-	-	failed		-	No
Germany	April 2011	Registered civil partnerships (expansion)	failed		-	-	-	No
France	June 2011	marriage	-	-	222	293	-	No
Liechtenstein	June 2011	Registered partnerships	Referendum (68%)				signed	Yes
Germany	June 2011	Registered civil partnerships (expansion)	failed		-	-	-	No
Portugal	February 2012	Marriage (extension of adoption law)	n / A		failed		-	No
Portugal	February 2012	Marriage (expansion)	n / A		failed		-	No
Slovenia	March 2012	Partnerships (expansion)	n / A		43	38	Referendum (45.45%)	No
Israel	May 2012	marriage	n / A		11	39	-	No
Denmark	June 2012	marriage	n / A		85	24	signed	Yes
Germany	June 2012	marriage	-		260	309	-	No
San Marino	June 2012	Unregistered partnerships	n / A		33	20th	signed	Yes
Australia	September 2012	marriage	-	-	42	98	-	No
Australia	September 2012	marriage	26th	41	-	-	-	No
Germany	October 2012	Registered civil partnerships (expansion)	-	-	253	288	-	No
Slovakia	November 2012	Registered partnerships	n / A		14th	94	-	No
Poland	January 2013	Registered partnerships	-		failed		-	No
Poland	January 2013	Registered partnerships	-		failed		-	No
Poland	January 2013	Partnership agreement	n / A		211	228	-	No
Germany	March 2013	Registered civil partnerships (expansion of tax law)	approved		failed		-	No
Germany	March 2013	marriage	approved		failed		-	No
New Zealand	April 2013	marriage	n / A		77	44	signed	Yes
Colombia	April 2013	marriage	17th	51	-	-	-	No
Uruguay	April 2013	marriage	23	8th	71	21st	signed	Yes
Portugal	May 2013	Marriage (extension of adoption law)	n / A		77	104	-	No
Portugal	May 2013	Marriage (expansion)	n / A		failed		-	No
Portugal	May 2013	Marriage (expansion)	n / A		failed		-	No
France	May 2013	marriage	171	165	321	225	signed	Yes
Australia	June 2013	Recognition of foreign marriages	28	44	-	-	-	No
Costa Rica	July 2013	Registered partnerships	approved		approved		signed	Yes
Germany	July 2013	Registered civil partnerships (expansion of tax law)	approved		approved		signed	Yes
United Kingdom (England, Wales)	July 2013	marriage	Approval without a formal vote		366	161	signed	Yes
Austria	July 2013	Registered partnerships (extension of adoption law)	45	8th	approved		signed	Yes
Vietnam	September 2013	Marriage (repeal of the constitutional prohibition)	approved		approved		signed	Yes
Romania	December 2013	Civil partnerships	failed		-	-	-	No
Israel	December 2013	marriage	-		21st	56	-	No
Netherlands	December 2013	Marriage (expansion)	approved		approved		signed	Yes
Portugal	March 2014	Marriage (expansion)	n / A		107	112	-	No
Malta	April 2014	Civil union	n / A		37	0	signed	Yes
Belgium	May 2014	Marriage (expansion)	48	2	114	10	signed	Yes
Germany	May 2014	Registered civil partnerships (extension of adoption law)	-	-	111	432	-	No
Andorra	May 2014	marriage	n / A		6th	21st	-	No
Germany	June 2014	Registered civil partnerships (extension of adoption law)	approved		approved		signed	Yes
Croatia	June 2014	Unregistered partnerships (expansion)	n / A		approved		signed	Yes
Romania	June 2014	Civil partnerships	2	110	4th	298	-	No
Luxembourg	June 2014	marriage	n / A		56	4th	signed	Yes
Croatia	July 2014	Civil partnerships	n / A		89	16	signed	Yes
Germany	July 2014	Registered civil partnerships (expansion of tax law)	approved		approved		signed	Yes
San Marino	September 2014	Recognition of foreign marriages	n / A		15th	35	-	No
Andorra	December 2014	Civil union	n / A		20th	3	signed	Yes
Portugal	January 2015	Marriage (extension of adoption law)	n / A		89	119	-	No
Portugal	January 2015	Marriage (extension of adoption law)	n / A		91	119	-	No
Portugal	January 2015	Marriage (extension of adoption law)	n / A		91	120	-	No
Portugal	January 2015	Marriage (expansion of artificial insemination)	n / A		failed		-	No
Ireland	April 2015	Civil partnerships and unregistered partnerships (extension of adoption law)	20th	2	approved		signed	Yes
Chile	April 2015	Civil partnership agreement	25th	6th	86	23	signed	Yes
Israel	July 2015	Civil union	n / A		39	50	-	No
Israel	July 2015	marriage	n / A		39	50	-	No
Ecuador	August 2015	Civil union (expansion)	n / A		89	1	signed	Yes
Ireland	August 2015	Marriage ( constitutional amendment )	29	3	approved		signed	Yes
			Public opinion poll (62.07%)
	October 2015	Marriage (law)	approved		approved		signed
Germany	November 2015	Registered civil partnerships (expansion)	approved		approved		signed	Yes
Cyprus	December 2015	Civil partnerships	n / A		39	12	unnecessary	Yes
Romania	December 2015	Civil partnerships	8th	49	failed		-	No
Slovenia	March 2015	marriage	No veto		51	28	-	No
	December 2015		Referendum (36.5%)
Greece	December 2015	Registered partnerships	n / A		194	55	signed	Yes
Estonia	October 2014	Registered partnerships (law)	n / A		40	38	signed	Yes
	January 2016	Registered partnerships (implementing rules)	n / A		failed		-	No
Portugal	February 2016	Marriage and unregistered partnerships (extension of adoption law)	n / A		137	93	veto	Yes veto overruled
Israel	February 2016	Civil union	n / A		40	47	-	No
Slovenia	April 2016	Partnerships (expansion)	54	15th	approved		unnecessary	Yes
Italy	May 2016	Civil union	173	71	372	51	signed	Yes
Portugal	June 2016	Marriage and unregistered partnerships (expansion of artificial insemination)	n / A		approved		signed	Yes
Switzerland	June 2016	Registered partnerships (extension of adoption law)	25th	14th	125	68	unnecessary	Yes
Liechtenstein	November 2016	Registered partnerships (expansion)	n / A		25th	0	signed	Yes
Greece	December 2016	Registered partnerships (expansion)	n / A		201	21st	signed	Yes
Austria	December 2016	Registered partnerships (expansion)	approved		approved		signed	Yes
Finland	February 2015	Marriage (law)	n / A		101	90	signed	Yes
	April 2016	Marriage (implementing regulations)	n / A		106	42	signed
	January 2017		n / A		128	28	signed
Malta	April 2017	Contract of coexistence	n / A		approved		signed	Yes
Lithuania	June 2017	Partnerships	n / A		29	59	-	No
Germany	July 2017	marriage	approved		393	226	signed	Yes
Malta	July 2017	marriage	n / A		66	1	signed	Yes
Chile	November 2017	Civil partnership agreement (extension)	15th	0	70	0	signed	Yes
Australia	December 2017	marriage	43	12	131	4th	signed	Yes
Greece	May 2018	Registered partnerships (expansion)	n / A		161	103	signed	Yes
Israel	June 2018	marriage	n / A		38	41	-	No
Malta	June 2018	Marriage and civil union (expansion of artificial insemination)	n / A		34	27	signed	Yes
Slovakia	September 2018	Registered partnerships	n / A		failed		-	No
San Marino	November 2018	Partnerships	n / A		40	4th	signed	Yes
San Marino	December 2017	Recognition of foreign marriages ( law)	n / A		25th	20th	signed	Yes
	Unknown	Recognition of foreign marriages (implementing regulations)	n / A				signed	Yes
Austria	Unknown	marriage	n / A				signed	Yes
Cuba	August 2018	Marriage (constitutional amendment)	n / A		failed			No
Romania	Unknown	Civil partnerships	2	68	n / A		failed	No
Taiwan	Unknown	marriage	n / A				signed	Yes
Switzerland	Unknown	Registered partnerships (expansion)	122		62		signed	Yes
France	Unknown	Marriage (expansion of artificial insemination)					signed	Yes
United Kingdom (Northern Ireland)	July 2019	marriage					signed	Yes
Monaco	December 2019	Agreement to live together					signed	Yes
Switzerland	Unknown	marriage	n / A		pending
Costa Rica	Unknown	Civil union	n / A		pending
Costa Rica	Unknown	marriage	n / A		pending
Czech Republic	Winter 2018/2019	marriage			pending
Philippines	Unknown	Civil partnerships			pending
Albania	Unknown	marriage	n / A		suggested
Bolivia	Unknown	Family Life Agreement			pending
Chile	Unknown	marriage	pending
Chile	Unknown	Civil partnership agreement (extension of adoption law)			pending
Poland	Unknown	Registered partnerships	n / A		suggested
Lithuania	Unknown	Agreement to live together	n / A		suggested
Latvia	Unknown	Registered partnerships			suggested
Peru	Unknown	Solidarity Union	n / A		pending
Mexico	Unknown	marriage			suggested
Nepal	Unknown	marriage			suggested
Thailand	Unknown	Civil partnerships			suggested

At the national level

For US states: Same-sex marriage legislation in the United States

In states with a federal system or autonomous regions, same-sex couples have gained many new rights over the past 20 years. In December 2009 Mexico City became the first sub-state administrative entity in the world to legalize same-sex marriage.

State / Region	Country	date	Kind of partnership	Upper chamber		Lower chamber		Head of state	Result
				Yes	No	Yes	No
Australian Capital Territory	Australia	1994	Unregistered partnerships	n / A		approved		signed	Yes
Greenland	Denmark	April 1996	Registered partnerships	n / A		approved		signed	Yes
Catalonia	Spain	June 1998	Unregistered partnerships	n / A		approved		signed	Yes
Aragon	Spain	March 1999	Unregistered partnerships	n / A		approved		signed	Yes
New South Wales	Australia	1999	Unregistered partnerships	approved		approved		signed	Yes
Navarre	Spain	2000	Unregistered partnerships	n / A		approved		signed	Yes
Victoria	Australia	August 2001	Unregistered partnerships	approved		approved		signed	Yes
Valencia	Spain	2001	Unregistered partnerships	n / A		approved		signed	Yes
Madrid	Spain	2001	Unregistered partnerships	n / A		approved		signed	Yes
Balearic Islands	Spain	2001	Unregistered partnerships	n / A		approved		signed	Yes
Queensland	Australia	December 2002	Unregistered partnerships	n / A		approved		signed	Yes
Andalusia	Spain	2002	Unregistered partnerships	n / A		approved		signed	Yes
Asturias	Spain	2002	Unregistered partnerships	n / A		approved		signed	Yes
City of Buenos Aires	Argentina	2002	Registered partnerships	n / A		approved		signed	Yes
New South Wales	Australia	2002	Unregistered partnerships (expansion)	approved		approved		signed	Yes
Western Australia	Australia	2002	Unregistered partnerships	approved		approved		signed	Yes
Extremadura	Spain	2003	Unregistered partnerships	n / A		approved		signed	Yes
Basque Country	Spain	2003	Unregistered partnerships	n / A		approved		signed	Yes
Canary Islands	Spain	2003	Unregistered partnerships	n / A		approved		signed	Yes
Río Negro	Argentina	2003	Registered partnerships	n / A		approved		signed	Yes
Tasmania	Australia	September 2003	Registered partnerships	approved		approved		signed	Yes
Australian Capital Territory	Australia	January 2004	Unregistered partnerships (expansion)	n / A		approved		signed	Yes
Northern Territory	Australia	March 2004	Unregistered partnerships	n / A		approved		signed	Yes
Sydney	Australia	July 2004	Registered partnerships	n / A		approved		signed	Yes
Norfolk Island	Australia	2005	Unregistered partnerships	n / A		approved		signed	Yes
Australian Capital Territory	Australia	June 2006	Registered partnerships	n / A		approved		signed	veto
Mexico city	Mexico	November 2006	Registered partnerships	n / A		43	17th	signed	Yes
South Australia	Australia	December 2006	Unregistered partnerships	approved		approved		signed	Yes
Isle of Man	-	2006	Recognition of British partnerships	approved		approved		signed	Yes
Coahuila	Mexico	January 2007	Registered partnerships	n / A		20th	13	signed	Yes
Australian Capital Territory	Australia	February 2007	Registered partnerships	n / A		approved		signed	veto
Melbourne	Australia	April 2007	Unregistered partnerships	n / A		approved		signed	Yes
Yarra	Australia	May 2007	Registered partnerships	n / A		approved		signed	Yes
Villa Carlos Paz	Argentina	November 2007	Registered partnerships	n / A		12	6th	signed	Yes
Victoria	Australia	April 2008	Registered partnerships	29	10	54	24	signed	Yes
Australian Capital Territory	Australia	May 2008	Registered partnerships	n / A		approved		signed	Yes
New South Wales	Australia	June 2008	Unregistered partnerships (expansion)	approved		approved		signed	Yes
New Caledonia	France	April 2009	Registered partnerships	approved		approved		signed	Yes
Wallis and Futuna	France	April 2009	Registered partnerships	approved		approved		signed	Yes
Río Cuarto	Argentina	May 2009	Registered partnerships	n / A		approved		signed	Yes
Tasmania	Australia	September 2009	Registered partnerships (expansion)	approved		approved		signed	Yes
Australian Capital Territory	Australia	November 2009	Registered partnerships (expansion)	n / A		approved		signed	Yes
Mexico city	Mexico	December 2009	Same-sex marriage	n / A		39	20th	signed	Yes
New South Wales	Australia	May 2010	Registered partnerships	32	5	62	9	signed	Yes
Vienna	Austria	June 2010	Registered partnerships (expansion)	n / A		approved		signed	Yes
Tasmania	Australia	October 2010	Recognition of foreign partnerships	approved		22nd	3	signed	Yes
Isle of Man	-	March 2011	Registered partnerships	approved		approved		signed	Yes
Queensland	Australia	December 2011	Registered partnerships	47	40	approved		signed	Yes
jersey	-	December 2011	Registered partnerships	n / A		approved		signed	Yes
Quintana Roo	Mexico	April 2012	marriage	n / A		n / A		n / A	Yes
Australian Capital Territory	Australia	September 2012	Registered partnerships	n / A		11	6th	signed	Yes
Tasmania	Australia	September 2012	marriage	6th	8th	13	11	-	No
Macau	People's Republic of China	March 2013	Registered partnerships	n / A		failed		-	No
South Australia	Australia	July 2013	marriage	n / A		failed		-	No
Colima	Mexico	August 2013	Registered partnerships	n / A		approved		signed	Yes
Tasmania	Australia	October 2013	marriage	6th	8th	-	-	-	No
Australian Capital Territory	Australia	October 2013	marriage	approved		approved		signed	unconstitutional
Jalisco	Mexico	December 2013	Registered partnerships	n / A		20th	15th	signed	Yes
New South Wales	Australia	November 2013	marriage	19th	21st	-	-	-	No
Campeche	Mexico	December 2013	Registered partnerships	n / A		approved		signed	Yes
Scotland	United Kingdom	March 2014	marriage	n / A		105	18th	signed	Yes
Faroe Islands	Denmark	March 2014	marriage	n / A		failed		-	No
Gibraltar	United Kingdom	March 2014	Registered partnerships	n / A		16	0	signed	Yes
Durango	Mexico	April 2014	marriage	n / A		failed		-	No
Coahuila	Mexico	September 2014	marriage	n / A		19th	1	signed	Yes
Shibuya	Japan	March 2015	Partnership certificate	n / A		approved		signed	Yes
Greenland	Denmark	May 2015	marriage	n / A		27	0	signed	Yes
Kaohsiung	Taiwan	May 2015	Registered partnerships	n / A		approved		signed	Yes
Pitcairn Islands	United Kingdom	May 2015	marriage	n / A			approved	signed	Yes
Taipei	Taiwan	June 2015	Registered partnerships	n / A			approved	signed	Yes
Taichung	Taiwan	July 2015	Registered partnerships	n / A			approved	signed	Yes
Setagaya	Japan	July 2015	Partnership certificate	n / A			approved	signed	Yes
Western Australia	Australia	August 2015	Registered partnerships	n / A		6th	2	signed	Yes
Michoacan	Mexico	September 2015	Domestic partnerships	n / A		34	0	signed	Yes
Takarazuka	Japan	November 2015	Partnership certificate	n / A			approved	signed	Yes
guernsey	United Kingdom	December 2015	Recognition of foreign marriages	n / A			approved	unnecessary	Yes
Victoria	Australia	December 2015	Registered partnerships (extension of adoption law)	31		8th	approved	signed	Yes
Queensland	Australia	December 2015	Civil partnerships	n / A		64	22nd	signed	Yes
Iga	Japan	December 2015	Partnership certificate	n / A			approved	signed	Yes
Nayarit	Mexico	December 2015	marriage	n / A		26th	1	signed	Yes
New Taipei	Taiwan	January 2016	Registered partnerships	n / A			approved	signed	Yes
Greenland	Denmark	May 2015	Marriage (resolution)	n / A		27	0	unnecessary	Yes
		February 2016	Marriage (law)	n / A		108	0	signed	Yes
Victoria	Australia	February 2016	Recognition of foreign partnerships	approved		approved		signed	Yes
Naha	Japan	February 2016	Partnership certificate	n / A		approved		signed	Yes
Chiayi	Taiwan	February 2016	Registered partnerships	n / A		approved		signed	Yes
Azuay	Ecuador	March 2016	Symbolically registered marriage	n / A		approved		signed	Yes
Taoyuan	Taiwan	March 2016	Registered partnerships	n / A		approved		signed	Yes
Changhua County	Taiwan	March 2016	Registered partnerships	n / A		approved		signed	Yes
Hsinchu County	Taiwan	March 2016	Registered partnerships	n / A		approved		signed	Yes
Faroe Islands	Denmark	April 2016	marriage	n / A		19th	14th	signed	Yes
Campeche	Mexico	May 2016	marriage	n / A		34	1	signed	Yes
guernsey	United Kingdom	May 2016	Recognition of foreign marriages (expansion)	n / A		approved		signed	Yes
Yilan County	Taiwan	May 2016	Registered partnerships	n / A		approved		signed	Yes
Colima	Mexico	June 2016	marriage	n / A		24	0	signed	Yes
Michoacan	Mexico	June 2016	marriage	n / A		27	0	signed	Yes
Ascension	United Kingdom	June 2016	marriage	n / A		5	0	signed	Yes
South Australia	Australia	July 2016	Registered partnerships (expansion)	approved		29	12	signed	Yes
Morelos	Mexico	July 2016	marriage	n / A		20th	6th	signed	Yes
Isle of Man	United Kingdom	July 2016	marriage	n / A		6th	3	signed	Yes
Aruba	Netherlands	September 2016	Registered partnerships	n / A		11	5	signed	Yes
British Antarctic Territory	United Kingdom	October 2016	marriage	n / A		approved		signed	Yes
Chiayi County	Taiwan	October 2016	Registered partnerships	n / A		approved		signed	Yes
Gibraltar	United Kingdom	November 2016	marriage	n / A		15th	0	signed	Yes
Queensland	Australia	November 2016	Civil partnerships (extension of adoption law)	n / A		44	43	signed	Yes
San Luis Potosi	Mexico	November 2016	marriage	n / A		failed		-	No
Ontario	Canada	December 2016	Marriage (expansion)	n / A		79	0	signed	Yes
guernsey	United Kingdom	December 2015	Marriage (assumption in principle)	n / A		37	7th	unnecessary	Yes
		December 2016	Marriage (law)	n / A		33	5	signed
South Australia	Australia	December 2016	Partnership agreement	approved		approved		signed	Yes
South Australia	Australia	December 2016	Registered partnerships (extension of adoption law)	13	4th	27	16	signed	Yes
Tlaxcala	Mexico	January 2017	Domestic partnership agreement	n / A		18th	4th	signed	Yes
Durango	Mexico	January 2017	marriage	n / A		4th	15th	-	No
Mexico city	Mexico	January 2017	Marriage (constitutional amendment)	n / A		approved		unnecessary	Yes
Northwest Territories	Canada	March 2017	marriage	n / A		approved		signed	Yes
South Australia	Australia	March 2017	Domestic partnership contract (extension)	approved		approved		signed	Yes
Sapporo	Japan	March 2017	Partnership certificate	n / A		approved		signed	Yes
South Australia	Australia	April 2017	Civil partnerships (expansion)	approved		approved		signed	Yes
Falkland Islands	United Kingdom	April 2017	Marriage and civil partnerships	n / A		7th	1	signed	Yes
Hsinchu	Taiwan	June 2017	Registered partnerships	n / A		approved		signed	Yes
Kinmen	Taiwan	June 2017	Registered partnerships	n / A		approved		signed	Yes
Lienchiang County	Taiwan	June 2017	Registered partnerships	n / A		approved		signed	Yes
Miaoli county	Taiwan	June 2017	Registered partnerships	n / A		approved		signed	Yes
Nantou county	Taiwan	June 2017	Registered partnerships	n / A		approved		signed	Yes
Pingtung County	Taiwan	June 2017	Registered partnerships	n / A		approved		signed	Yes
Keelung	Taiwan	July 2017	Registered partnerships	n / A		approved		signed	Yes
Tristan da Cunha	United Kingdom	August 2017	marriage	n / A		approved		signed	Yes
Nova Scotia	Canada	October 2017	Marriage (constitutional amendment)	n / A		approved		signed	Yes
Chiapas	Mexico	November 2017	Marriage (constitutional amendment)	n / A		approved		signed	Yes
Alderney	United Kingdom	December 2017	marriage	n / A		9	0	signed	Yes
Saint Helena	United Kingdom	December 2017	marriage	n / A		9	2	signed	Yes
Bermuda	United Kingdom	February 2018	Domestic partnership agreement	8th	3	24	10	signed	Yes
Fukuoka	Japan	February 2018	Partnership certificate	n / A		approved		signed	Yes
jersey	United Kingdom	September 2015	Marriage (assumption in principle)	n / A		37	4th	unnecessary	Yes
		February-July 2018	Marriage (law)	n / A		42	1	signed

Efforts to ban same-sex partnerships and marriages

Numerous states, including 31 states in the USA, where this is within the competence of the states, have banned various forms of same-sex partnerships. In some countries there is a total ban, in other countries only same-sex marriage is forbidden, partly through anchoring in the constitution. This was done either indirectly by defining marriage as a connection between man and woman or as a direct prohibition, as in Honduras, Latvia and Uganda.

Country	date	Bill to ban [of]	Upper chamber		Lower chamber		Head of state	Prohibition
			Yes	No	Yes	No
Jamaica	July 1962	Same-sex marriage	approved		approved		signed	Yes
Cuba	February 1976	Same-sex marriage	Constitutional vote (97.7%)					Yes
Burkina Faso	June 1991	Same-sex marriage	Constitutional vote (92.83%)					Yes
Bulgaria	July 1991	Same-sex marriage	approved		approved		signed	Yes
Vietnam	April 1992	Same-sex marriage	n / A		approved		signed	Yes
Paraguay	June 1992	All forms	approved		approved		signed	Yes
Lithuania	October 1992	Same-sex marriage	Constitutional vote (75%)					Yes
Cambodia	September 1993	Same-sex marriage	approved		approved		signed	Yes
Belarus	March 1994	Same-sex marriage	approved		approved		signed	Yes
Moldova	July 1994	Same-sex marriage	n / A		approved		signed	Yes
Ukraine	June 1996	Same-sex marriage	n / A		approved		signed	Yes
Poland	April 1997	Same-sex marriage	Constitutional vote (52.71%)					Yes
Venezuela	December 1999	Unregistered partnerships	Constitutional vote (71.78%)					Yes
Rwanda	May 2003	Same-sex marriage	Constitutional vote (93.42%)					Yes
United States	July 2004	Same-sex marriage	48	50	227	186	-	No
Burundi	February 2005	Same-sex marriage	Constitutional vote (92.02%)					Yes
Honduras	March 2005	Same-sex marriage and unregistered partnerships	n / A		128	0	signed	Yes
Uganda	September 2005	Same-sex marriage	n / A		111	17th	signed	Yes
Latvia	December 2005	Same-sex marriage	n / A		65	5	signed	Yes
DR Congo	December 2005	Same-sex marriage	Constitutional vote (84.31%)					Yes
United States	July 2006	Same-sex marriage	48	49	236	187	-	No
Serbia	October 2006	Same-sex marriage	Constitutional vote (53%)					Yes
Montenegro	October 2007	Same-sex marriage	n / A		approved		signed	Yes
Ecuador	September 2008	Same-sex marriage	Constitutional vote (63.93%)					Yes
Palau	November 2008	Same-sex marriage	Constitutional vote (83.56%)					Yes
Bolivia	January 2009	All forms	Constitutional vote (61.43%)					Yes
Cayman Islands	June 2009	Same-sex marriage	n / A		approved		signed	Yes
El Salvador	September 2009	Same-sex marriage	n / A		failed		-	No
Dominican Republic	January 2010	All forms	approved		approved		signed	Yes
Kenya	August 2010	Same-sex marriage	Constitutional vote (66.9%)					Yes
Zambia	March 2011	Same-sex marriage	n / A		failed		-	No
Hungary	April 2011	Same-sex marriage	n / A		262	44	signed	Yes
Chile	2011	Same-sex marriage	n / A		failed		-	No
South Sudan	July 2011	Same-sex marriage	approved				signed	Yes
Liberia	June 2012	Same-sex marriage	approved		failed		-	No
Zimbabwe	March 2013	Same-sex marriage	Constitutional vote (94.49%)					Yes
North Macedonia	September 2013	Same-sex marriage	n / A		failed		-	No
Croatia	December 2013	Same-sex marriage	Constitutional vote (65.87%)					Yes
Slovakia	June 2014	Same-sex marriage	approved				signed	Yes
North Macedonia	January 2015	Same-sex marriage	n / A		failed		-	No
Slovakia	February 2015	Same-sex marriage	Constitutional vote (94.5%)					No, minimum quorum not reached
Armenia	December 2015	Same-sex marriage	Constitutional vote (63.37%)					Yes
Switzerland	February 2016	Same-sex marriage	Constitutional vote (49.16%)					No
Central African Republic	March 2016	Same-sex marriage	Constitutional vote (93.00%)				signed	Yes
Kyrgyzstan	December 2016	Same-sex marriage	Constitutional vote (79.59%)					Yes
Georgia	October 2017	Same-sex marriage	n / A		117	2	veto	Yes, veto was outvoted
Romania	October 2018	Same-sex marriage	Constitutional vote (93.40%)					No, minimum quorum not reached

Court decisions to create same-sex partnerships or to legally expand same-sex partnerships

Country	year	description	result
Israel	1994	An Israeli court ruled that same-sex couples should be given the same rights as heterosexual couples.	Yes
Israel	1995	An Israeli court ruled that same-sex couples must be given additional rights.	Yes
Israel	1996	An Israeli court ruled that same-sex couples must be granted additional rights.	Yes
Canada	1999	The Supreme Court of Canada ruled that same-sex couples living together must be given the same rights as unmarried heterosexual couples living together.	Yes
Israel	2000	An Israeli court mandated that same-sex couples must be transferred to pension rights.	Yes
Israel	2001	Unregistered partnerships need to be expanded; thus same-sex couples are given the right to adopt the partner's child.	Yes
Venezuela	2003	The Supreme Court ruled that the government was not forced to provide economic benefits to homosexual couples.	No
Austria	2003	The European Court of Human Rights ordered that unregistered partnerships must be created for same-sex and heterosexual couples.	Yes
South Korea	2004	The Democratic Party of South Korea denied the government's decision not to grant marriage rights to homosexual couples in court.	No
Israel	January 2005	The Supreme Court decided that joint adoption rights should be incorporated into unregistered partnerships.	Yes
South Africa	December 2005	In December 2005, the South African Constitutional Court ruled that it was unconstitutional not to issue marriage licenses to homosexual couples.	Yes
Costa Rica	May 2006	The Costa Rican Supreme Court ruled 5-2 that limiting marriage to only heterosexual couples was not unconstitutional.	No
United Kingdom	July 2006	The Supreme Court ruled that it was not discriminatory to recognize marriages abroad as civil partnerships .	No
Israel	November 2006	The Supreme Court ordered the state to recognize foreign marriage licenses, including same-sex marriages.	Yes
Colombia	February 2007	A Colombian court ruled that homosexual couples must be given some marital rights.	Yes
Aruba Netherlands Antilles	April 2007	The Supreme Court of the Netherlands ordered that Aruba and the Netherlands Antilles must recognize all Dutch marriages, including same-sex marriages.	Yes
Nepal	November 2008	The Supreme Court of Nepal decided that a gender-neutral marriage should be introduced in the soon-to-be-adopted constitution. A seven-member committee is currently reviewing same-sex marriage laws in other countries and will later propose a law on the subject to the government.	Yes
Colombia	January 2009	Two years later, the Constitutional Court ruled that same-sex couples must be granted rights in order to equate homosexual couples with heterosexual couples.	Yes
Slovenia	July 2009	The Constitutional Court ruled that the law excluding same-sex couples in registered partnerships from pension rights was discriminatory. It added that it would give the government six months to transpose the decision into law.	Yes
Portugal	July 2009	The Portuguese Constitutional Court ruled that the prohibition of same-sex marriages was not against the constitution.	No
Russia	October 2009	Two lesbians who recently married in Canada news.google.com went to court to have their marriage recognized in Russia. A Russian court ruled that women did not have the right to marry.	No
Poland	March 2010	The European Court of Human Rights ruled that homosexuals have the right to inherit their partner.	Yes
Italy	April 2010	The constitutionality of the practice of denying homosexual couples marriage licenses was examined by the Italian Constitutional Court, but the court decided to maintain the marriage ban.	No
Austria	June 2010	The European Court of Human Rights decided that the state of Austria was not obliged to open marriage to same-sex couples.	No
Mexico	August 2010	After the Mexican Constitutional Court ruled that same-sex marriage law was not unconstitutional, it ruled that all Mexican states must recognize marriages made in Mexico City.	Yes
Germany	August 2010	The Federal Constitutional Court decides that registered life partners must be treated in the same way as (heterosexual) married couples for inheritance tax. The German Bundestag had until 2011 to change the law.	Yes
France	February 2011	The French Court of Cassation referred the question of whether the ban on same-sex marriages was unconstitutional to the Constitutional Court, which decided that it was not in violation of the Constitution.	No
Brazil	May 2011	The constitutionality of marriage laws, created exclusively for heterosexual couples only, and the lack of registered partnerships have been investigated by the Supreme Court. On May 5, 2011 it decided that the state must recognize registered partnerships.	Yes
Colombia	July 2011	The Supreme Court of Colombia ruled in 2011 that the Colombian Congress has to pass a law by June 20, 2013 at the latest, on the full equality of same-sex partnerships, which have hitherto been given less rights, with straight marriage. Since Congress failed to comply with this obligation by the end of the deadline, same-sex couples were automatically given the right to register partnerships with equal rights on June 20, 2013. The exact legal status of these partnerships remains controversial.	Yes
Chile	December 2011	The Constitutional Court was asked by a lower court whether Article 102 of the Civil Code was unconstitutional.	No
Austria	February 2013	In February 2013, the European Court of Human Rights declared that Austria had to give same-sex couples who live in a registered partnership the opportunity to adopt a stepchild.	Yes
Australia	February 2013	The Supreme Court ruled that the national ban on same-sex marriages was not gender-based discrimination.	No
United States	June 2013	Five lawsuits are currently pending in the United States. Most are challenging the Defense of Marriage Act , which is proposed by states whose same-sex marriages are not recognized at the federal level, or constitutional amendments such as Proposition 8 , which were submitted by private individuals.	Yes
Colombia	July 2013	A civil court in Bogotá ruled that a same-sex couple had the right to marry.	Yes
Greece	November 2013	Four homosexual couples have appealed to the European Court of Human Rights against the Civil Partnership Act, which is only open to heterosexuals. The European Court of Human Rights ruled that the state of Greece was obliged to open registered partnerships also for same-sex couples. Here the court argued that gay couples, like straight couples, can build stable relationships and have therefore been discriminated against by being excluded from the institution. This also hindered the couples' family life, which was also a violation of the human rights convention. In this case, the eight plaintiffs each received 5,000 euros in compensation for pain and suffering.	Yes
Cyprus	2014	A Cypriot couple sued the Republic of Cyprus at the European Court of Human Rights for denying them a marriage license.
United States	June 2015	On June 26, 2015, the Supreme Court ruled that the right of same-sex couples to enter into marriage can be derived from the US constitution. As a result, same-sex marriages, both federal and international, must be conducted and recognized by all states.	Yes
Austria	December 2017	On December 4, 2017, the Constitutional Court lifted the ban on same-sex marriage as unconstitutional. Same-sex marriage will be legalized on January 1, 2019, unless Parliament changes the law earlier.	Yes

See also

• Same-Sex Marriage Legislation in the United States
• Registered partnership
• Same-sex marriage
• Laws on homosexuality
• Rainbow family

Individual evidence

1. ^ Spiegel Online : spiegel.de Historical decision: Supreme US court allows gay marriage. June 26, 2015. Accessed June 27, 2015.
2. ↑ Same-Sex Marriage FAQ - Gender-Neutral Marriage Laws , About.com . Retrieved September 19, 2012. 
3. ^ Advocate.com: Marriage Equality Comes to Colombia.
4. ↑ Bundestag resolves marriage for everyone - Angela Merkel votes against - SPIEGEL ONLINE. (no year). Retrieved June 30, 2017, from http://www.spiegel.de/politik/deutschland/ehe-fuer-alle-so-laeuft-die-abstellung-im-bundestag-liveticker-und-livestream-a-1155142.html .
5. ↑ Malta introduces marriage for all
6. ^ The constitutional court allows marriage for everyone in Austria. In: Zeit.de , accessed on December 5, 2017.
7. ^ The constitutional court in Austria allows "marriage for everyone". In: Sueddeutsche.de , accessed on December 5, 2017.
8. ↑ BBC: Same-sex marriage now legal in Northern Ireland
9. ↑ Queer.de: Marriage opening on the Pitcairn Islands
10. ↑ Bermuda: Court opens marriage to gay couples. queer.de from May 6, 2017
11. ↑ Guam Just Recognized Gay Marriage & It's The First US Territory To Do So - But Won't Be The Last.
12. ↑ Unanimous decision: Greenland also introduces gay marriage. Kleine Zeitung , May 29, 2015.
13. ^ Washington Blade : Mexican state to allow same-sex marriage .
14. ↑ Gaystarnews: Fourth Mexico state legalizes gay marriage
15. ↑ Jonathan Rauch: Virginia's New Jim Crow , Washington Post . June 13, 2004. Retrieved September 9, 2009. 
16. ^ Same-sex marriage and partnership (playground) , ILGA LAC . Archived from the original on October 31, 2010. Retrieved September 9, 2009. 
17. ^ Governments that have recognized same-sex relationships , Religious Tolerance . Retrieved September 9, 2009. 
18. ↑ International Recognition of Same-Sex Relationships , University of Minnesota . Retrieved September 9, 2009. 
19. ^ Yearbook of private international law , Google Books . Retrieved September 9, 2009. 
20. ↑ qrd.org
21. ↑ Rex Wockner: Hungary recognises common-law gay marriage , ILGA Euro Letter . Archived from the original on January 12, 2016. Retrieved September 9, 2009. 
22. ^ Steffen Jensen: Partnership law in Iceland , ILGA Euroletter . Archived from the original on January 12, 2016. Retrieved September 9, 2009. 
23. ↑ coe.int (PDF)
24. ↑ ILGA Euroletter 60 , ILGA-Europe. July 1998. Archived from the original on March 7, 2009. Retrieved October 4, 2009. 
25. ↑ same-sex.web.ined.fr (PDF)
26. ↑ gaylawnet.com
27. ↑ 1998-99, 1st samling - L 70 A (oversigt): Forslag til lov om ændring af lov om registreret partnerskab. (Ændring af betingelserne for indgåelse af registreret partnerskab and stedbarnsadoption for registrerede partners). (da) , Webarkiv.dk. Retrieved September 13, 2012. 
28. ↑ Miluska Kotisova: No to registered partnership in the Czech Republic , ILGA Euroletter . Archived from the original on September 21, 2008. Retrieved September 9, 2009. 
29. ^ Ramson Johnson: Same-Sex Marriage Laws In South Africa , About.com . Retrieved August 9, 2009. 
30. ↑ france.qrd.org/ ( Memento from February 27, 2012 in the Internet Archive )
31. ↑ gayottawanow.com
32. ↑ france.qrd.org ( Memento from February 27, 2012 in the Internet Archive )
33. ^ Equality for same-sex couples , Google Books . Retrieved September 9, 2009. 
34. ↑ Sweden legalises gay adoption , BBC News. June 6, 2002. Retrieved April 22, 2014. 
35. ↑ webarkiv.ft.dk
36. ↑ webarkiv.ft.dk
37. ↑ webarkiv.ft.dk
38. ↑ webarkiv.ft.dk
39. ↑ uk-legislation.hmso.gov.uk
40. ↑ pinknews.co.uk
41. ^ Panama: Support Civil Union Proposal Now under Attack by the Catholic Church , IGLHRC . September 16, 2004. Retrieved August 9, 2009. 
42. ↑ legislation.govt.nz
43. ↑ svd.se
44. ↑ Tolar welcomes the overwhelming "yes" of the Swiss for "registered partnership" , OTS . ( June , 2005 ). Retrieved November 12, 2009. 
45. ↑ Spain legalizes gay marriage , Der Spiegel . June 30, 2005. Retrieved November 12, 2009. 
46. ↑ Canada: Senate for gay marriage , Queer.de . July 20, 2005. Retrieved November 12, 2009. 
47. ^ A stage win for homosexual partnerships , Der Standard . Retrieved November 12, 2009. 
48. ↑ arhiv.slobodnadalmacija.hr
49. ↑ news.bbc.co.uk
50. ↑ ft.dk
51. ↑ althingi.is
52. ↑ legifrance.gouv.fr
53. ↑ ivf.net
54. ↑ South Africa allows gay marriage , Netzeitung . November 14, 2006. Archived from the original on September 3, 2012. Retrieved on November 12, 2009. 
55. ↑ corriere.it
56. ^ Joshua Goodman: Colombia Conservatives Derail Same-Sex Couples Bill , Christian Post . June 21, 2007. Retrieved September 9, 2009. 
57. ↑ Uruguay introduces gay marriage , Queer.de . November 30, 2007. Retrieved November 12, 2009. 
58. ↑ althingi.is
59. ↑ Norway: marriage opening takes the last hurdle , Queer.de . June 18, 2008. Retrieved November 12, 2009. 
60. ↑ Propunere legislatíva privind parteneriatul civil (Romanian) , CDEP . December 22, 2008. Retrieved September 9, 2009. 
61. ↑ Ecuador, September 28, 2008: Constitution , Sudd.ch . October 16, 2008. Retrieved November 12, 2009. 
62. ↑ Portugal rejects marriage opening , Queer.de . October 10, 2008. Retrieved November 12, 2009. 
63. ^ Sweeping gay law reform finally passes , The Age . November 27, 2008. Retrieved August 9, 2009. 
64. ↑ Gay marriage is now also allowed in Sweden , Abendblatt . April 29, 2009. Retrieved November 12, 2009. 
65. ↑ Tamás Dombos: Hungary introduces registered partnership for same-sex partners , ILGA Europe . April 20, 2009. Archived from the original on May 2, 2009. Retrieved on November 12, 2009. 
66. ^ France to recognize foreign gay marriages and DPs as PACs , Hunter For Justice . May 5, 2009. Retrieved August 9, 2009. 
67. ↑ Finland allows gay couples to adopt partner's children . Pink News. May 15, 2009. Retrieved October 27, 2013.
68. ↑ ft.dk
69. ↑ President unties the knot on civil union
70. ↑ queer.de
71. ↑ 365gay.com ( Memento from December 14, 2009 in the Internet Archive )
72. ↑ ggg.at
73. ↑ pinknews.co.uk
74. ↑ UNGHERIA: APPROVATO NUOVO CODICE CIVILE, OK A COPPIE GAY ( Memento from July 22, 2011 in the Internet Archive )
75. ↑ Il parliamento ungherese approva il nuovo codice civile e legalizza le coppie gay ( Memento of July 16, 2011 in the Internet Archive )
76. ↑ pinknews.co.uk
77. ↑ guardian.co.uk
78. ↑ queer.de
79. ↑ Denmark Approves Gay Weddings In Church . Huffington Post. July 6, 2012. Retrieved February 6, 2013.
80. ↑ out-and-about.dk ( Memento from July 19, 2011 in the Internet Archive )
81. ^ Iceland parliament votes for gay marriage , IceNews . June 11, 2010. 
82. ↑ rte.ie
83. ↑ irishtimes.com
84. ↑ Diputados: la ley del matrimonio gay se postergó para el 2010 ( Memento from July 22, 2011 in the Internet Archive )
85. ↑ lanacion.com.ar
86. ↑ news.brisbanetimes.com.au
87. ↑ momento24.com
88. ↑ parliamento.pt
89. ↑ aeiou.expresso.pt
90. ↑ queer.de
91. ↑ queer.de
92. ↑ queer.de
93. ↑ https://www.thestar.com/amp/news/world/2011/06/14/french_parliament_expected_to_reject_bill_to_allow_gay_marriages.html
94. ↑ vaterland.li
95. ↑ queer.de
96. ↑ portugaldailyview.com
97. ↑ portugaldailyview.com
98. ↑ queer.de
99. ↑ Harkov Lahav: Knesset rejects marriage equality bill . The Jerusalem Post. May 16, 2012. Retrieved February 6, 2013.
100. ↑ Denmark Approves Gay Weddings In Church . Huffington Post. July 6, 2012. Retrieved February 6, 2013.
101. ↑ Bundestag votes in favor of maintaining discrimination . Queer.de. June 28, 2012. Retrieved February 6, 2013.
102. ↑ Final result of roll-call vote No. 3 . German Bundestag. June 28, 2012. Archived from the original on July 10, 2012. Retrieved on February 6, 2013.
103. ^ Daniele Guido Gessa: San Marino axes medieval law to let gay couples live together . GayStarNews. June 27, 2012. Retrieved February 6, 2013.
104. ^ Gay marriage bill defeated , The Australian . September 19, 2012. Retrieved February 6, 2013. 
105. ^ "Australian Senate votes down same-sex marriage bill", ABC News, reported by Simon Cullen, updated September 21, 2012
106. ↑ Bundestag votes against spouse splitting for gay couples
107. ^ Národná rada Slovenskej republiky - hlasovanie poslancov
108. ↑ Poselski projekt ustawy o związkach partnerskich
109. ↑ Poselski projekt ustawy o związkach partnerskich
110. ↑ Poselski projekt ustawy o umowie związku partnerskiego
111. ↑ queer.de
112. ↑ queer.de
113. ↑ New Zealand's Parliament votes to legalize same-sex marriage , CNN. April 17, 2013. Retrieved April 20, 2013. 
114. ^ New Zealand opens marriage , queer.de. April 17, 2013. Retrieved April 20, 2013. 
115. ^ Colombian Senate rejects the same-sex marriage bill
116. ↑ Uruguay opens marriage , queer.de. April 11, 2013. Retrieved April 20, 2013. 
117. ↑ sol.sapo.pt
118. ↑ sol.sapo.pt
119. ↑ sol.sapo.pt
120. ^ Société: ouverture du mariage aux couples de même sexe
121. ↑ tagesschau.de: Gay marriage in France now official, Hollande signs law ( Memento from June 7, 2013 in the Internet Archive )
122. ↑ starobserver.com.au
123. ↑ mobil.queer.de
124. ↑ queer.de
125. ↑ queer.de
126. ^ Bill stages - Marriage (Same Sex Couples) Bill 2012-13
127. ↑ parliament.gv.at
128. ↑ ilga-europe.org ( Memento from October 29, 2013 in the Internet Archive )
129. ↑ cdep.ro
130. ↑ eerstekamer.nl
131. ↑ rijksoverheid.nl
132. ↑ parliamento.pt
133. ↑ independent.com.mt
134. ↑ senate.be
135. ↑ deredactie.be
136. ↑ queer.de
137. ↑ lsvd.de (PDF)
138. ↑ consellgeneral.ad
139. ↑ elperiodicdandorra.ad ( Memento from May 31, 2014 in the Internet Archive )
140. ↑ welt.de
141. ↑ tportal.hr
142. ↑ cdep.ro
143. ↑ Only four votes against, Luxembourg opens marriage for gays and lesbians , queer.de, June 18, 2014. Accessed June 19, 2014.
144. ↑ Luxemburger Wort : Gay marriage possible from January 1st . July 17, 2014. Retrieved July 19, 2014.
145. ↑ Karla Crnogaj: Sutra se počinje izrađivati ​​zakon o partnerstvima! ( Croatian ) Queer.hr. September 5, 2012. Retrieved February 6, 2013.
146. ↑ Queer.de: Parliament agrees. Croatia introduces registered partnerships. July 15, 2014. Retrieved July 19, 2014.
147. ↑ queer.de
148. ↑ queer.de
149. ↑ San Marino rebuffs same-sex marriage, abortion proposals . Gazzetta Del Sud. September 19, 2014. Retrieved September 20, 2014.
150. ↑ consellgeneral.ad
151. ↑ ^{a b c d} Portugal: Parlamento enterra três projetos sobre adoção gay e outro sobre fertilização assistida no mesmo dia.
152. ↑ gaystarnews.com
153. ↑ newstalk.com
154. ^ Taz.de: Homosexual rights in Chile, majority in favor of partnering .
155. ↑ pinknews.co.uk
156. ↑ Queer.de:Israel: Laws on civil marriage failed
157. ↑ Queer.de:Israel: Laws on civil marriage failed
158. ↑ diariocorreo.pe
159. ↑ ilga-lac.org
160. ^ Thirty-fourth Amendment of the Constitution (Marriage Equality) Bill 2015 . Oireachtas. Retrieved November 5, 2015.
161. ^ Marriage Bill 2015 . Oireachtas. Retrieved November 5, 2015.
162. ^ Same-sex marriage legislation passes all stages in Oioreachtas . Irish Times. October 22, 2015. Retrieved November 5, 2015.
163. ↑ Plucinka, Joanna: Ireland signs gay marriage into law . Time. October 29, 2015. Retrieved November 5, 2015.
164. ↑ queer.de
165. ↑ bmjv.de ( Memento from September 23, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) (PDF)
166. ↑ gaystarnews.com
167. ↑ cyprus-mail.com
168. ↑ cyprus-mail.com
169. ↑ gandul.info
170. ↑ cdep.ro
171. ↑ mddsz.gov.si
172. ^ Kurier.at: Slovenia introduces gay marriage , March 3, 2015
173. ↑ Državni svet ni izglasoval veta na zakon o družinskih razmerjih
174. ↑ Queer.de: Slovenia's parliament votes for marriage opening
175. ↑ queer.de
176. ↑ thetoc.gr
177. ↑ lawnet.gr ( Memento from June 1, 2015 in the Internet Archive )
178. ↑ Queer.de: Greece gives gay couples the "marriage light" (accessed on December 24, 2015)
179. ^ Parliament Passes Cohabitation Act; President Proclaims It . Estonian Public Broadcasting. September 10, 2014. Archived from the original on November 30, 2015. Retrieved on November 6, 2015.
180. ^ Registered Partnership Act . Riigi Teataja. Retrieved November 6, 2015.
181. ↑ Cohabitation Act to enter force without implementing acts
182. ↑ Kooseluseaduse rakendusaktid jäävad sel aastal vastu võtmata
183. ↑ parliamento.pt
184. ↑ parliamento.pt
185. ↑ queer.de
186. ↑ expresso.sapo.pt
187. ↑ queer.de
188. ↑ Day after marking LGBT rights, Knesset nixes 5 gender equality bills
189. ↑ rtvslo.si
190. ↑ siol.net
191. ↑ espresso.repubblica.it
192. ↑ senato.it
193. ↑ gay.it
194. ↑ sueddeutsche.de
195. ↑ queer.de
196. ↑ queer.de
197. ↑ parliamento.pt
198. ↑ queer.de
199. ↑ tagesanzeiger.ch
200. ^ Reform of the naming rights of registered partners (No. 14/2016) [1. Reading: March 4, 2016 - Government opinion (No. 80/2016); 2nd reading] . State Parliament of Liechtenstein . Retrieved November 6, 2016.
201. ↑ Act of August 31, 2016 amending the Partnership Act
202. ↑ Same-sex couples' law passes through House, despite absentee MPs
203. ↑ NOMOΣ ΥΠ 'ΑΡΙΘΜ. 4443
204. ↑ oe24.at
205. ↑ 156/2015 Lag om ändring av äktenskapslagen ( sv ) Finlex. Retrieved November 5, 2015.
206. ↑ RP 65/2015 rd Regeringens proposition till riksdagen med förslag till vissa lagändringar till följd av en ändring av äktenskapslagen ( sv ) Eduskunta Riksdagen. Retrieved November 5, 2015.
207. ↑ All systems go for gender-neutral marriage in 2017 . In: Yle . April 8, 2016. Archived from the original on April 10, 2016. Retrieved on April 10, 2016.
208. ↑ HE 232/2016 vp ( Finnish ) Parliament of Finland. Retrieved November 18, 2016.
209. ↑ parliament.mt
210. ↑ queer.de
211. ^ Draft of a law introducing the right to marry for persons of the same sex (printed matter 18/8), Bundestag
212. ↑ Bundesrat - 1 search results - 959th session of the Bundesrat. Retrieved July 1, 2017 . 
213. ↑ tagesschau.de: Law on marriage for everyone signed by the Federal President. Retrieved July 21, 2017 . 
214. ↑ parliament.mt
215. ↑ camara.cl
216. ↑ senado.cl
217. ↑ Australia: Parliament decides marriage for everyone. In: Zeit Online. December 7, 2017. Retrieved December 9, 2017 . 
218. ↑ Same-sex couples are now allowed to be foster parents in Greece . In: watson.de . ( watson.de [accessed on May 23, 2018]).
219. ↑ PM brags about gay community, but Knesset rejects same-sex civil union bill . In: Ynetnews . ( ynetnews.com [accessed August 17, 2018]).
220. ↑ [WATCH] Parliament votes in favor of 'historic' IVF law changes amid pro-life groups' demonstration . In: MaltaToday.com.mt . ( com.mt [accessed August 17, 2018]).
221. ↑ domov.sme.sk
222. ↑ Azet.sk: Nový návrh zákona od SaS: Compromise pre heterosexuálne aj homosexuálne páry !? In: Nový Čas . ( cas.sk [accessed August 17, 2018]).
223. ↑ SaS nepresadila zákon o životných partnerstvách . In: denník N . ( dennikn.sk [accessed October 31, 2018]).
224. ^ San Marino: Parliament approves civil partnerships . In: queer.de . ( queer.de [accessed November 30, 2018]).
225. ^ San Marino dice sì al matrimonio gay. Ma solo per gli stranieri . In: Giornalettismo . December 21, 2017 ( giornalettismo.com [accessed August 17, 2018]).
226. ↑ Progetto di legge "Bilanci di previsione dello Stato e degli Enti Pubblici per l'Esercizio Finanziario 2018 e Bilanci Pluriennali 2018/2020" - Consiglio Grande e Generale. Retrieved August 17, 2018 (Italian). 
227. ↑ gaystarnews.com
228. ^ Sarah Marsh: Cuba's draft constitution opens path to gay marriage . In: US ( reuters.com [accessed August 17, 2018]).
229. ↑ cdep.ro
230. ↑ Romania-Insider.com: Senate rejects civil partnerships, in March 2019
231. ↑ taipeitimes.com
232. ↑ srf.ch
233. ↑ queer.de
234. ↑ Spiegel.de: France allows artificial insemination for lesbian couples and singles
235. ^ Same-sex marriage now legal in Northern Ireland , January 13, 2020
236. ↑ conseil-national.mc
237. ↑ Monaccos Civil union bill
238. ↑ gaystarnews.com
239. ↑ queer.de
240. ↑ crhoy.com
241. ↑ elpais.cr
242. ^ Czech Republic: Government supports marriage for everyone . In: queer.de . ( queer.de [accessed on August 17, 2018]).
243. ↑ newsinfo.inquirer.net
244. ↑ Archived copy ( Memento from January 22, 2017 in the Internet Archive )
245. ↑ noticias.com.bo
246. ↑ enewspaper.mx
247. ↑ edgeboston.com
248. ↑ 24horas.cl
249. ↑ edgeboston.com
250. ↑ 24horas.cl
251. ↑ onet.pl
252. ↑ lgl.lt
253. ↑ Debates: Par un pret partnerattiecību reģistrāciju Latvijā
254. ↑ elcomercio.pe
255. ↑ animalpolitico.com
256. ↑ mexico.cnn.com ( Memento from March 30, 2014 in the Internet Archive )
257. ↑ w3joy.org ( Memento from April 16, 2013 in the web archive archive.today )
258. ↑ atimes.com
259. ↑ users.cybercity.dk ( Memento from March 3, 2009 in the Internet Archive )
260. ↑ ^{a b c d e f g h i j k} PDF at www-same-sex.ined.fr (PDF)
261. ↑ CATALONIA HAS GRANTED DOMESTIC PARTNERSHIP RIGHTS ( Memento from February 27, 2012 in the Internet Archive )
262. ↑ DOMESTIC PARTNERSHIP BILL PASSED IN ARAGON ( Memento from February 27, 2012 in the Internet Archive )
263. ↑ slp.wa.gov.au
264. ↑ En 5 años, sólo 10 parejas gays pasaron por el Registro Civil ( Memento of October 7, 2008 in the Internet Archive )
265. ↑ LAW REFORM (GENDER, SEXUALITY AND DE FACTO RELATIONSHIPS) ACT 2003 (ACT NO. 1 OF 2004) ( Memento from July 11, 2012 in the web archive archive.today )
266. ↑ abc.net.au ( Memento from March 11, 2011 in the Internet Archive )
267. ↑ Erich Cota: Mexico City Approves Same Sex Unions , Ohmy News. November 17, 2006. Retrieved December 21, 2009. 
268. ^ Tony Grew: South Australia gays get new rights , Mail & Guardian Online . December 6, 2006. Retrieved December 21, 2009. 
269. ^ The civil partnership act 2004 , Isle of Men Government. Archived from the original on March 31, 2012. Retrieved September 9, 2009. 
270. ^ Mexican state approves gay civil unions , Mail & Guardian Online . January 13, 2007. Retrieved December 21, 2009. 
271. ↑ Relationship Declaration Register ( Memento from September 12, 2009 in the Internet Archive )
272. ↑ Cordoba: aprueban la unión entre civil homosexuales en Villa Carlos Paz , Clarin. Retrieved December 21, 2009. 
273. ↑ Vic relationships registry soon to be law ( Memento from April 22, 2008 in the Internet Archive )
274. ^ ACT recognizes same sex couples , The Age. May 20, 2008. Retrieved December 21, 2009. 
275. ^ Lyndon Barnett: New Caledonia catches up to France . Sydney Star Observer. June 9, 2009. Retrieved October 4, 2009.
276. ^ Timeline Of Gay and Lesbian Marriage, Partnership or Unions Worldwide . UK gay news. Archived from the original on September 12, 2009. Retrieved October 4, 2009.
277. ↑ Le Pacs étendu à la Nouvelle-Calédonie, Wallis et Futuna . April 12, 2009. Retrieved October 4, 2009.
278. ↑ Jessica Geen: Tasmania to give gay couples official ceremonies , PinkNews. September 30, 2009. Retrieved December 21, 2009. 
279. ↑ ACT win fight on gay wedding laws , AdelaideNow. November 26, 2009. Retrieved December 21, 2009. 
280. ^ E. Eduardo Castillo: Mexico City Approves Gay Marriage . In: The Huffington Post , December 21, 2009. 
281. ↑ Massive support for register
282. ^ Relationships Register Bill 2010
283. ↑ Vienna aligns registered partners with married couples
284. ↑ Registered partnerships: collective amendment in the Vienna Landtag
285. ↑ Homosexuality Landtag resolves marriage equality ( Memento from July 6, 2011 in the Internet Archive )
286. ↑ starobserver.com.au
287. ↑ abc.net.au
288. ↑ dpac.tas.gov.au
289. ↑ bbc.co.uk
290. ↑ news.smh.com.au
291. ↑ Jessica Geen: Jersey votes to allow civil partnerships , Pink News. October 20, 2009. Retrieved September 21, 2009. 
292. ↑ jerseylaw.je ( Memento from September 6, 2015 in the Internet Archive )
293. ↑ Revocan Anulacion de bodas gay in QROO (Spanish) , El Universal . May 3, 2012. Retrieved September 18, 2014. 
294. ↑ canberratimes.com.au
295. ↑ abc.net.au
296. ↑ macaudailytimes.com.mo
297. ↑ news.com.au
298. ^ Mexican state approves gay civil unions , Queer.de . July 31, 2013. 
299. ↑ 9news.com.au
300. ↑ Queer.de: Australian capital wants to open marriage
301. ^ The Guardian: Same-sex couples marry in Canberra
302. ↑ mexicogulfreporter.com ( Memento from January 16, 2016 in the Internet Archive )
303. ↑ gaystarnews.com
304. ↑ sdpnoticias.com ( Memento from February 22, 2014 in the Internet Archive )
305. ↑ queer.de: Scotland clears the way for marriage
306. ↑ BBC: Scotland's same-sex marriage bill is passed. Retrieved February 6, 2014.
307. ↑ pinknews.co.uk
308. ↑ gbc.gi ( Memento from March 22, 2014 in the Internet Archive )
309. ↑ oem.com.mx
310. ↑ Mexican state Coahilla opens marriage , Queer.de . January 13, 2007. Retrieved September 2, 2014. 
311. ↑ In first for Japan, Shibuya Ward passes ordinance for same-sex certificates ( Memento from July 5, 2015 in the Internet Archive )
312. ↑ knr.gl
313. ↑ sermitsiaq.ag
314. ^ Wee, Darren: Kaohsiung becomes first city in Taiwan to recognize a gay couple . Gaystar news. June 19, 2015. Retrieved November 7, 2015.
315. ^ Pitcairn Island: Same Sex Marriage and Civil Partnership Ordinance 2015 . In: Equality Case Files . Retrieved July 4, 2015.
316. ^ Wee, Darren: Taipei opens registration for gay couples . Gaystar news. June 18, 2015. Retrieved November 7, 2015.
317. ^ Taichung opens registration for same-sex couples ( zh ) Taichung City Government. Retrieved October 14, 2015.
318. ^ Potts, Andrew: Taiwanese city becomes first to record gay relationships as next-of-kin in hospitals . October 13, 2015. Retrieved November 7, 2015.
319. ↑ Murphy, Meg: Tokyo's Setagaya Ward to begin legally recognizing same-sex partnerships . Japan Today . July 31, 2015. Accessed September 30, 2015.
320. ↑ Relationship declaration register now open . The town of Port Hedland. September 15, 2015. Retrieved November 7, 2015.
321. ^ Arcuri, Dean: All relationships are welcome in Port Hedland WA, irrespective of gender . Samesame.com.au . August 27, 2015. Archived from the original on April 14, 2016. Retrieved on December 24, 2017.
322. ↑ Vargas, Yamillete García: Aprueban Código Familiar en Michoacán; no incluye matrimonios gay ( es ) quadratin. September 7, 2015. Accessed November 7, 2015.
323. ↑ PERIÓDICO OFICIAL DEL GOBIERNO CONSTITUCIONAL DEL ESTADO DE MICHOACÁN DE OCAMPO ( es , PDF) Archived from the original on October 30, 2015. Retrieved on November 7, 2015.
324. ^ Suzuki, Yutaka: First in Kansai, Takarazuka city to certify same-sex partnerships . Asahi Shimbun . December 1, 2015. Archived from the original on December 4, 2015. Retrieved on December 1, 2015.
325. ↑ sdpnoticias.com
326. ↑ Queer.de: Faroe Islands open marriage
327. ↑ GayStarnews: Same-sex marriage finally approved in Isle of Man
328. ^ The text of the Constitution of the Republic of Cuba , Walterlippman . January 31, 2003. Retrieved August 12, 2009. 
329. ^ Bulgaria - Constitution . Retrieved October 4, 2009.
330. ^ Paraguay - Constitution , Servat . Archived from the original on December 22, 2009. Retrieved on August 24, 2009. 
331. ^ Lithuania - Constitution , Servat . Retrieved August 12, 2009. 
332. ^ Cambodia Constitution , Servat . September 21, 1993. Retrieved September 9, 2009. 
333. ↑ servat.unibe.ch
334. ^ Constitution of the Republic of Moldova , Confider Richmond . Archived from the original on April 26, 2006. Retrieved on August 12, 2009. 
335. ^ Constitution of Ukraine , Rada . Archived from the original on May 21, 2011. Retrieved on August 12, 2009. 
336. ^ The Constitution of the Republic of Poland , Sejm . Retrieved August 12, 2009. 
337. ^ Constitución de la República Bolivariana de Venezuela . Archived from the original on June 19, 2009. Retrieved October 4, 2009.
338. ↑ chr.up.ac.za ( Memento from August 26, 2010 in the Internet Archive )
339. ↑ ACLU Applauds House Stand Against Discriminatory Marriage Amendment; Calls Vote a Victory for All American Families , American Civil Liberties Union . September 30, 2004. Retrieved August 12, 2009. 
340. ↑ Portant promulgation de la Constitution de la Republique du Burundi ( French , PDF). Accessed October 4, 2009.
341. ^ Honduras Bans Gay Marriage & Adoption , Global Gayz . March 30, 2005. Retrieved August 12, 2009. 
342. ^ Museveni signs 3rd term bill , New Vision Online . September 29, 2005. Archived from the original on March 2, 2012. Retrieved on August 12, 2009. 
343. ^ President Signs Anti-Gay Constitutional Amendment , UK Gay News . December 21, 2005. Archived from the original on January 5, 2009. Retrieved on August 12, 2009. 
344. ↑ Arnaud Zajtman: New DR Congo constitution ADOPTED , BBC . February 19, 2006. Retrieved August 12, 2009. 
345. ^ House vote fails on amendment to define marriage , Washington Times . July 18, 2006. Retrieved August 12, 2009. 
346. ^ Constitution of the Republic of Serbia , Serbian Parliament . Archived from the original on July 13, 2009. Retrieved August 12, 2009. 
347. ↑ comparativeconstitutionsproject.org (PDF)
348. ↑ www2.ohchr.org (PDF)
349. ^ Constitucion del Ecuador (Spanish) , Asamblea Constituyente . Archived from the original on March 20, 2009. Retrieved September 9, 2009. 
350. ↑ Bolivia: New constitution bans discrimination based on sexual orientation and gender identity , Blabbeando . February 7, 2009. Retrieved August 12, 2009. 
351. ↑ constitution.gov.ky ( Memento from February 25, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) (PDF)
352. ↑ El FMLN sigue en contra de prohibir las bodas gay (Spanish) , El Salvador . April 28, 2009. Retrieved August 12, 2009. 
353. ^ Church & Political Right Fail to Ban Marriage Equality in El Salvador
354. ^ Dominican Republic Rejects Changes to Marriage Law , Zenit . June 11, 2009. Archived from the original on June 27, 2009. Retrieved on August 12, 2009. 
355. ↑ ipsnews.net ( Memento from October 25, 2009 in the Internet Archive )
356. ↑ nation.co.ke (PDF)
357. ↑ zambianchronicle.com ( Memento from May 21, 2011 in the Internet Archive )
358. ↑ dw-world.de
359. ↑ camara.cl:
360. ↑ The Transitional Constitution of the Republic of South Sudan, 2011 (PDF; 873 kB)
361. ^ South Sudan passes interim constitution amid concerns over presidential powers
362. ↑ Birth Of A Nation: The Republic Of South Sudan
363. ↑ Macedonia rejects amending constitution to define marriage as one man, one woman . Lgbtqnation.com. Archived from the original on January 15, 2019. Retrieved January 5, 2014.
364. ↑ queer.de: Croatia: referendum against gay marriage but binding
365. ↑ queer.de: Croatia: Clear majority for marriage of man and woman
366. ↑ queer.de: Slovakia prohibits same-sex marriage. Retrieved June 20, 2014.
367. ↑ Queer.de: Macedonia before the prohibition of gay marriage in constitution
368. ↑ ggg.at
369. ↑ Slovakia, referendum failed . ( Memento from February 8, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Tagesschau.de
370. ↑ ilga-europe.org
371. ↑ queer.de
372. ↑ 20min.ch
373. ↑ Kyrgyz Voters Back Amendments On Same-Sex Marriage, Presidential Power. Retrieved August 17, 2018 . 
374. ↑ web.archive.org ( Memento from October 18, 2017 in the Internet Archive )
375. ^ Initiative changing family definition in Romanian Constitution, voted by the deputies
376. ↑ William Totok: Ultraconservatives in Romania: Vote against marriage for all fails . In: The daily newspaper: taz . October 8, 2018, ISSN  0931-9085 ( taz.de [accessed October 31, 2018]).
377. ^ EJ Graff: Same-Sex Spouses in Canada , The Nation . June 24, 1999. Retrieved August 12, 2009. 
378. ↑ Venezuela: Top Court says no to same-sex marriages , Global Gayz . March 5, 2008. Retrieved September 9, 2009. 
379. ^ Elizabeth Davies: South African court clears way for gay marriage , The Independent. December 2, 2005. Retrieved October 4, 2009. 
380. ↑ blabbeando.blogspot.com
381. ↑ Lesbians lose legal marriage bid , BBC . July 31, 2006. Retrieved September 9, 2009. 
382. ↑ Ken Ellingwood: Married gays win Israeli court ruling , Los Angeles Times. November 22, 2006. Retrieved October 4, 2009. 
383. ↑ Rights for Colombia gay couples , BBC . February 7, 2007. Retrieved September 9, 2009. 
384. ^ Aruba has to recognize gay marriage, says Dutch supreme court , Caribbean Net News. April 14, 2007. Archived from the original on September 5, 2008. Retrieved on October 4, 2009. 
385. ^ Lyndon Barnett: Progress in new republic of Nepal , Star Observer . June 16, 2009. Retrieved September 9, 2009. 
386. ↑ 42 disposiciones modificó la Corte Constitucional para amparar derechos de las parejas gay , El Tiempo . Retrieved September 9, 2009. 
387. ^ Slovenian court: gay union law discriminatory , PR-Inside . July 10, 2009. Retrieved September 9, 2009. 
388. ↑ Divided Portugal court upholds gay marriage ban , Reuters . August 1, 2009. 
389. ↑ Kevin O'Flynn: Lesbian Couple Takes On Russian State In Fight For Same-Sex Marriage , Radio Free Europe Radio Liberty . July 22, 2009. Retrieved September 9, 2009. 
390. ↑ thenews.pl
391. ↑ Alexander Schuster: The Italian Constitutional Court will rule on same-sex marriage , ILGA Europe . May 5, 2009. Archived from the original on February 27, 2010. Retrieved on September 9, 2009. 
392. ↑ queer.de
393. ↑ ggg.at
394. ↑ nytimes.com
395. ↑ lifesitenews.com
396. ↑ washingtonpost.com ( Memento from May 28, 2015 in the Internet Archive )
397. ^ Colombian Court Rules for Marriage Equality . Retrieved April 16, 2014.
398. ^ First Same-Sex Couple Wins Marriage Suit In Colombia. Retrieved April 16, 2014.
399. ↑ latercera.com
400. ↑ Lesbians and gays are allowed to adopt stepchildren - derStandard.at. Retrieved August 17, 2018 . 
401. ↑ Lisa Keen: Horse race to equality Federal marriage lawsuits , Windy City Times . July 15, 2009. Retrieved September 9, 2009. 
402. ↑ queer.de: USA: Obama administration equates gay couples nationwide at the federal level
403. ↑ Caracol Radio: Juez aplica norma del matrimonio civil a pareja gay y cita a contrayentes con dos testigos. Retrieved August 17, 2018 (Spanish). 
404. ↑ cyprus-mail.com ( Memento from February 25, 2012 in the Internet Archive )
405. ↑ cyprus-mail.com ( Memento from February 25, 2012 in the Internet Archive )

Web links

Commons : Same-sex marriage  - Collection of pictures, videos, and audio files

• Overview of individual countries and states 365gay.com