Gypsum herbs

Gypsum herbs
Creeping gypsophila ( Gypsophila repens )
Systematics
Eudicotyledons Nuclear eudicotyledons Order : Clove-like (Caryophyllales) Family : Carnation family (Caryophyllaceae) Subfamily : Caryophylloideae Genre : Gypsum herbs
Scientific name
Gypsophila
L.

The gypsophila ( Gypsophila ) are a genus within the family of the Pink family (Caryophyllaceae). The common name "gypsum herb" comes from the fact that some species of the genus grow on gypsum rock.

description

Illustration of panicle gypsophila ( Gypsophila paniculata )

Flowers details of arable gypsophila ( Gypsophila muralis )

Vegetative characteristics

Gypsophila species are annual or perennial herbaceous plants , and more rarely subshrubs . The opposite leaves are often fleshy, bluish green and linear to lanceolate.

Generative characteristics

The terminal inflorescences are dichasial cymes , umbrella grapes , panicles or rarely heads that contain many flowers. The bracts are mostly dry-skinned, rarely leaf-like.

The mostly hermaphrodite flowers are radially symmetrical and five-fold with a double flower envelope . As members of the subfamily of the Caryophylloideae , their sepals are bell-shaped or funnel-shaped, rarely cylindrical, fused. The calyx is streaked by dry-skinned and green longitudinal stripes and ends in five calyx teeth. The five mostly white to pink, but often a little reddish, sometimes with purple veins, petals are oblong or obovate, more or less evenly narrowed at their base into the nail and rounded or edged at the tip. There are ten stamens . The unicameral ovaries are spherical or egg-shaped and contain many ovules . There are usually two, rarely three styles available. There is no gynophore.

The capsule fruits are spherical, ovate or oblong and four-lobed. The seeds are almost kidney-shaped, flattened and warty.

Gypsophila acutifolia

Cushion gypsum ( Gypsophila aretioides )

Himalaya gypsophila ( Gypsophila cerastioides )

Tufted gypsophila ( Gypsophila fastigiata )

Field gypsum ( Gypsophila muralis )

Gypsophila oldhamiana

Panicle of gypsophila ( Gypsophila paniculata )

Gypsophila perfoliata

Creeping gypsophila ( Gypsophila repens )

Inflorescence of Gypsophila struthium

Systematics and distribution

The genus Gypsophila was established by Carl von Linné in 1753 . Type species is Gypsophila repens L.

The main distribution area of the Gypsophila species is in the eastern Mediterranean . However, some species are also found in the temperate areas of Eurasia . Some species are neophytes in North and South America as well as Australia .

There are around 150 species of Gypsophila (here is a selection):

• Gypsophila acutifolia Steven ex Spreng. : It occurs in the Caucasus region and in western Russia ; she isnaturalizedin Romania .
• Gypsophila adenophylla Barkoudah : It occurs in Turkey .
• Gypsophila afghanica Kandemir & Ghaz. : It was first described in 2012 and is only known from two collections on the Salang Pass in the Afghan Hindu Kush.
• Gypsophila alsinoides Bunge : It occurs in Central Asia , Iran, and northwest and western Pakistan .
• Gypsophila altissima L .: It occurs in the Caucasus, Siberia , Russia and Xinjiang.
• Gypsophila antari Post & Beauverd
• Gypsophila arabica Barkoudah
• Upholstery gypsophila ( Gypsophila aretioides Boiss. ): It comes in Iran, Armenia and Turkmenistan before.
• Gypsophila arrostii cast. : It occurs in Italy , Sicily , Greece and Turkey.
• Gypsophila aucheri Boiss. : It occurs in Turkey and in the area of Syria and Lebanon .
• Gypsophila baytopiorum Kit Tan
• Gypsophila bellidifolia Boiss.
• Gypsophila belorossica Barkoudah
• Gypsophila bermejoi G. López
• Gypsophila bicolor (Freyn & Sint.) Grossh.
• Gypsophila bitlisensis Barkoudah : It occurs in Turkey.
• Gypsophila brachypetala Trautv. : It occurs in Turkey.
• Gypsophila briquetiana Shishk. : It occurs in Turkey.
• Gypsophila capillaris (Forssk.) C.Chr.
• Gypsophila cephalotes (Schrenk) Williams : It occurs in Afghanistan, Pakistan, Kazakhstan, western Siberia, western Mongolia and northern Xinjiang.
• Himalayan gypsophila ( Gypsophila cerastioides D.Don ): It occurs in the Himalayas ( Kashmir , north-western India , Nepal , Sikkim , Bhutan ), in Bangladesh, in northern Pakistan and in southern Tibet .
• Gypsophila collina Ser.
• Gypsophila confertifolia Hub.-Mor.
• Gypsophila curvifolia Fenzl : It occurs in Turkey.
• Gypsophila damascena Boiss. : It occurs in the area of ​​Syria and Lebanon.
• Gypsophila davisii Barkoudah : It occurs in Turkey.
• Summer gypsophila ( Gypsophila elegans M.Bieb. ): It occurs in the Ukraine , the Caucasus region, Iran and Turkey.
• Gypsophila eriocalyx Boiss. : It occurs in Turkey.
• Tufted gypsum herb ( Gypsophila fastigiata L. ): It occurs in Northern, Central and Eastern Europe .
• Gypsophila festucifolia Hub.-Mor. : It occurs in Turkey.
• Gypsophila floribunda (Kar. & Kir.) Turcz. ex Ledeb. (Syn .: Saponaria floribunda (Kar. & Kir.) Boiss. , Psammophiliella floribunda (Kar. & Kir.) Ikonn. )
• Gypsophila germanicopolitana Hub.-Mor. & E.Simon : It occurs in Turkey.
• Gypsophila glandulosa (Boiss.) Walp. : It occurs in Turkey.
• Gypsophila glomerata Adams
• Gypsophila graminifolia Barkoudah : It occurs in Turkey.
• Gypsophila hakkiarica Kit Tan
• Gypsophila haynaldiana F.N.Williams
• Gypsophila heteropoda Freyn
• Gypsophila hispida Boiss.
• Gypsophila laricina Schreb.
• Gypsophila lepidioides Boiss. : It occurs in Turkey.
• Gypsophila leucochlaena Hub.-Mor. : It occurs in Turkey.
• Gypsophila libanotica Boiss. : It occurs in Turkey, Syria and Lebanon.
• Gypsophila lignosa Hemsl. & Lace : It occurs in northern Afghanistan and Pakistan.
• Gypsophila linearifolia (Fish. & CAMey.) Boiss.
• Gypsophila lipskyi Shishk.
• Gypsophila litwinowii Koso-Pol.
• Gypsophila macedonica Vandas
• Gypsophila makranica (Rech. F.) Ghaz. (Syn.: Saponaria makranica Rech. F. ): It occurs in Pakistan and in southwestern Iran.
• Gypsophila montserratii Fern. Casas : It occurs in Spain .
• Field gypsum ( Gypsophila muralis L. ): It is widespread in Eurasia and is a neophyte in North America .
• Gypsophila nabelekii Shishk .
• Dwarf gypsum herb ( Gypsophila nana Bory & Chaub. ): It occurs only in the mountains of Greece and Crete .
• Gypsophila nodiflora (Boiss.) Barkoudah : It occurs in Turkey.
• Gypsophila oblanceolata Barkoudah : It occurs in Turkey.
• Gypsophila oldhamiana Miq. : It occurs in China and Korea.
• Gypsophila oligosperma Krasnova
• Gypsophila olympica Boiss. : It occurs in Turkey.
• Manchurian gypsum herb ( Gypsophila pacifica Kom. ): It occurs in China ( Manchuria ), in Korea and in the Amur region .
• Gypsophila pallasii Ikonn. : It occurs in Romania , Bulgaria , Greece, Ukraine and Turkey.
• Gypsophila pallida Stapf
• Rispige gypsophila, gypsophila ( Gypsophila paniculata L. ): It is widespread in Eurasia and is a neophyte almost worldwide.
• Gypsophila papillosa Porta : It occurs in Italy.
• Gypsophila parva Barkoudah : It occurs in Turkey.
• Gypsophila patrinii Ser. : It occurs in China, northern Mongolia, Siberia and Kazakhstan.
• Marble-leaved gypsophila ( Gypsophila perfoliata L. ): It is native to Asia and Eastern Europe .
• Gypsophila peshmenii Güner
• Gypsophila petraea (Baumg.) Rchb. : It occurs in Romania and Bulgaria.
• Gypsophila pilosa Huds. : It occurs in Southwest Asia from Turkey to Pakistan.
• Gypsophila pilulifera Boiss. & Hero. : It occurs in Turkey.
• Gypsophila pinifolia Boiss. & Hausskn. : It occurs in Turkey.
• Gypsophila polyclada Boiss.
• Creeping gypsophila ( Gypsophila repens L. ): It is found in Spain , France , Italy , Slovenia , Switzerland , Austria , Germany , Poland and Slovakia .
• Gypsophila robusta Grossh.
• Gypsophila ruscifolia Boiss.
• Salsify gypsophila ( Gypsophila scorzonerifolia Ser. ): It occurs in Eastern Europe and the Caucasus.
• Gypsophila sedifolia short. : It occurs in western Tibet and northern Pakistan.
• Gypsophila serpylloides Boiss. & Hero. : It occurs in Turkey.
• Gypsophila silenoides Rupr.
• Gypsophila simonii Hub.-Mor. : It occurs in Turkey.
• Gypsophila simulatrix Bornm. & Voronov : It occurs in Turkey.
• Gypsophila spergulifolia Griseb. : It occurs in Albania and in the former Yugoslavia .
• Gypsophila steupii Shishk .
• Gypsophila stevenii fish. ex closet : It occurs in Armenia .
• Gypsophila struthium Loefl. : It occurs in Spain.
• Gypsophila syriaca Shishk. : It occurs in Turkey.
• Gypsophila szovitsii Fenzl
• Gypsophila takhtadzhanii Shishk .
• Gypsophila tenuifolia M. Bieb. : It occurs in Armenia and Turkey.
• Gypsophila thyraica Krasnova
• Gypsophila tomentosa L .: It occurs in Spain.
• Gypsophila torulensis Koç : It was first described from Turkey in 2013.
• Gypsophila tuberculosa Hub.-Mor. : It occurs in Turkey.
• Gypsophila tubulosa (Jaub. & Spach) Boiss. : It occurs in Turkey.
• Gypsophila uralensis Less.
• Gypsophila venusta Fenzl : It occurs in Turkey and in the area of ​​Syria and Lebanon.
• Gypsophila virgata Boiss.
• Gypsophila viscosa Murray : It occurs in Turkey, in the area of ​​Syria and Lebanon, in the area of ​​Israel and Jordan and on the Sinai Peninsula .
• Gypsophila visianii Bég. : It occurs in the area of ​​the former Yugoslavia .
• Gypsophila yusufeliensis Budak : It was first described from Turkey in 2012.

This article or the following section is not adequately provided with supporting documents ( e.g. individual evidence ). Information without sufficient evidence could be removed soon. Please help Wikipedia by researching the information and including good evidence.

Examples of hybrids are:

• Gypsophila × monstrosa Gerbeaux (= Gypsophila repens × Gypsophila stevenii )
• Gypsophila × suendermannii Fritsch (= Gypsophila petraea × Gypsophila repens )

use

Two types of gypsophila ( Gypsophila paniculata and Gypsophila elegans ) are used as ornamental plants for rock gardens.

The subterranean plant parts of various species of gypsophila , for example Gypsophila struthium , contain (like Saponaria officinalis ) abundant saponins , which were previously used in medicines and as mild detergents , especially for wool .

This article or the following section is not adequately provided with supporting documents ( e.g. individual evidence ). Information without sufficient evidence could be removed soon. Please help Wikipedia by researching the information and including good evidence.

The gypsophila ( Gypsophila paniculata ) was also used medicinally (extracts are expectorant and diuretic).

literature

• Rudolf Schubert , Klaus Werner, Hermann Meusel (eds.): Excursion flora for the areas of the GDR and the FRG . Founded by Werner Rothmaler. 14th edition. tape 2 : vascular plants . People and knowledge, Berlin 1988, ISBN 3-06-012539-2 .
• Werner Rauh : Flora of Germany and its adjacent areas. Founded by Otto Schmeil , Jost Fitschen . 84th edition. Quelle & Meyer, Heidelberg 1968.
• James S. Pringle: Gypsophila. In: Flora of North America Editorial Committee (Ed.): Flora of North America North of Mexico . Volume 5: Magnoliophyta: Caryophyllidae, part 2 . Oxford University Press, New York / Oxford a. a. 2005, ISBN 0-19-522211-3 , pp. 153 (English, online ).
• Lu Dequan, Nicholas J. Turland: Gypsophila. In: Wu Zhengyi, Peter H. Raven, Deyuan Hong (Eds.): Flora of China . Volume 6: Caryophyllaceae through Lardizabalaceae . Science Press / Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing / St. Louis 2001, ISBN 1-930723-05-9 , pp. 108 (English, PDF file - online ).

Web links

Commons : gypsophila ( Gypsophila )  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

• Thomas Meyer: Gypsum herbs - stamens and styles longer than the petals. In: Flora-de: Flora of Germany. (Data sheet with identification key and photos; old name of the website: Flowers in Swabia ). 

supporting documents

1. ↑ ^{a b c d e f g h i j} Lu Dequan; Nicholas J. Turland: Gypsophila Linnaeus. In: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven, Deyuan Hong (Eds.): Flora of China. Volume 6: Caryophyllaceae. Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis 2010.
2. ↑ ^{a b c d e f g h i j k} Caryophyllaceae in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved January 18, 2014.
3. ↑ ^{a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak} Karol Marhold: Caryophyllaceae. : Gypsophila. In: Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity , Berlin 2011.
4. ↑ ^{a b c d e f g h i j k l m} Walter Erhardt , Erich Götz, Nils Bödeker, Siegmund Seybold: The great zander. Encyclopedia of Plant Names. Volume 2. Types and varieties. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2008, ISBN 978-3-8001-5406-7 , p. 1447.
5. ^ Ali Kandemir, Shahina A. Ghazanfar: Gypsophila afghanica (Caryophyllaceae), a new species from Afghanistan. In: Kew Bulletin. Volume 67, No. 4, 2012, pp. 849-851, DOI: 10.1007 / s12225-012-9408-y .
6. ↑ ^{a b c d e f g h} Shahina Ghazanfar, Yasin J. Nasir: Flora of Pakistan , 175: Caryophyllaceae. Department of Botany, University of Karachi, Karachi 1986, Gypsophila pp. 89-99 (on- line ).
7. ↑ Murat Koç: Gypsophila torulensis (Caryophyllaceae), a New Species from Turkey. In: Annales Botanici Fennici. Volume 50, No. 3, 2013, pp. 149–150, DOI: 10.5735 / 085.050.0304 ( PDF file ).
8. ↑ Ümit Budak: Gypsophila yusufeliensis (Caryophyllaceae), a New Species from Turkey. In: Annales Botanici Fennici. Volume 49, No. 5-6, 2012, pp. 425-427, DOI: 10.5735 / 085.049.0620 ( PDF file ).
9. ↑ Gordon Cheers (Ed.): Botanica. The ABC of plants. 10,000 species in text and images . Könemann, Cologne 2003, ISBN 3-8331-1600-5 .
10. ↑ Jürgen Martin: The 'Ulmer Wundarznei'. Introduction - Text - Glossary on a monument to German specialist prose from the 15th century. Königshausen & Neumann, Würzburg 1991 (= Würzburg medical-historical research. Volume 52), ISBN 3-88479-801-4 (also medical dissertation Würzburg 1990), p. 176 ( Struthium ).

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