Gold primrose

Gold primrose
	Gold primrose ( Androsace vitaliana )
Systematics
	Asterids
Order :	Heather-like (Ericales)
Family :	Primrose Family (Primulaceae)
Subfamily :	Primuloideae
Genre :	Man's shield ( Androsace )
Type :	Gold primrose
Scientific name
	Androsace vitaliana
	( L. ) Lapeyr.

The Goldprimel ( Androsace Vitaliana ) is a plant of the genus Mannsschild ( Androsace ) within the family of Primrose (Primulaceae).

description

Illustration from Atlas of Alpine Flora

Habit, leaves and flowers

Vegetative characteristics

The gold primrose is a perennial herbaceous plant and reaches heights of 2 to 5 centimeters. It forms low, loose lawns .

The leaves are heaped like a rosette. The simple leaf blades are 3 to 12 millimeters long and about 1 millimeter wide, linear and entire. They are covered with star hair on the underside and on the edge.

Generative characteristics

The flowers are at the tip of the uppermost leaf rosettes. The flower stalk is 1 to 5 millimeters long and shorter than the surrounding leaves.

The hermaphrodite flowers are five-fold with a double flower envelope . The calyx is tubular-bell-shaped, about 6 millimeters long, more or less angular and divided into linear-lanceolate tips up to the middle. The corolla is yellow and often turns green or bluish as it dries. The corolla tube is about 1 centimeter long and 1.5 to 2.5 times as long as the calyx. The five tips of the corolla are egg-shaped-lanceolate, blunt and about 5 millimeters long.

The capsule fruit is oblong-spherical and about 5 millimeters long. The 2 millimeter long seeds are black.

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 40.

ecology

The flowering period extends from May to July. The golden primrose is heterostyle like some Primula species and is pollinated by butterflies. The seeds need long-term frost treatment to germinate.

Occurrence

The gold primrose occurs in the south-western European mountains from the Spanish Sierra Nevada and the Pyrenees to the Alps and Abruzzo . It thrives on stony lawns, especially on subsoil that is poor in lime.

Systematics

In the past, the gold primrose was sometimes placed in its own genus.

The first publication took place in 1753 under the name ( Basionym ) Primula vitaliana by Carl von Linné . The new combination to Androsace vitaliana (L.) Lapeyr. was published in 1813 by Philippe Picot de Lapeyrouse . Other synonyms for Androsace vitaliana (L.) Lapeyr. are: Aretia vitaliana Lodd. , Vitaliana primuliflora Bertol. , Gregoria vitaliana (L.) Duby , Douglasia vitaliana (L.) Pax , Vitaliana primuliflora subsp. canescens O. Black .

There are six subspecies:

Androsace vitaliana (L.) Lapeyr. subsp. vitaliana : It occurs in the Central Pyrenees and the Western Alps, in Spain (provinces Lérida , Huesca and Navarra ), Andorra , France (Départements Pyrénées-Atlantiques , Ariège , Alpes-Maritimes , Hautes-Alpes , Isère ), Italy (regions Aosta Valley , Piedmont and Veneto ; questionable in Trentino-South Tyrol ) and in Switzerland (cantons of Valais and Ticino ).
Androsace vitaliana subsp. assoana (M.Laínz) Kress : It occurs only in Spain ( Iberian Divisional Mountains , Sierra de Javalambre and Sierra Nevada ; in the provinces of Almería , Ávila , Cáceres (uncertain), Granada , Segovia and Teruel ).

Androsace vitaliana subsp. cinerea (sin.) Kress : It occurs in the western Alps and the eastern Pyrenees, in Spain (provinces of Gerona and Huesca (uncertain)), France (departments of Alpes-Maritimes, Hautes-Alpes and Isère), and Italy (Piedmont, Liguria ( unsure)) before.

Androsace vitaliana subsp. flosjugorum Kress : It occurs in Spain ( Cantabrian Mountains , Montes de León ; in the provinces of León , Orense , Palencia and Santander ).

Androsace vitaliana subsp. praetutiana (sin.) Kress : It occurs in Italy (regions of Marche , Latium (uncertain) and Abruzzo ).

Androsace vitaliana subsp. sesleri (sin.) Kress (syn .: Vitaliana primuliflora subsp. sesleri (sin.) Pignatti , Gregoria vitaliana var. sesleri sin. ): It occurs in Italy (regions Lombardy , Trentino-South Tyrol (with South Tyrol ), Veneto and Friuli Julisch Venetien ) and Austria ( Carinthia ).

literature

Gustav Hegi: Illustrated flora of Central Europe. Pteridophyta, Spermatophyta . 2nd Edition. Volume V. Part 3: Angiospermae: Dicotyledones 3 (3) (Pirolaceae - Verbenaceae) . Carl Hanser and Paul Parey, Munich and Berlin / Hamburg 1966, ISBN 3-489-76020-4 , pp. 1787–1789, 2248c – 2248d (unchanged reprint of the 1st edition from 1927 with addendum).

Individual evidence

↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j Konrad Lauber, Gerhart Wagner: Flora Helvetica. Paul Haupt, Bern / Stuttgart / Vienna 1996, ISBN 3-258-05405-3 , p. 448.
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ Gustav Hegi: Illustrierte Flora von Mitteleuropa. Pteridophyta, Spermatophyta . 2nd Edition. Volume V. Part 3: Angiospermae: Dicotyledones 3 (3) (Pirolaceae - Verbenaceae) . Carl Hanser and Paul Parey, Munich and Berlin / Hamburg 1966, ISBN 3-489-76020-4 , pp. 1787–1789 (unchanged reprint of the 1st edition from 1927 with addendum).
^ Gustav Hegi: Illustrated flora of Central Europe. Pteridophyta, Spermatophyta . 2nd Edition. Volume V. Part 3: Angiospermae: Dicotyledones 3 (3) (Pirolaceae - Verbenaceae) . Carl Hanser and Paul Parey, Munich and Berlin / Hamburg 1966, ISBN 3-489-76020-4 , pp. 2248c – 2248d (unchanged reprint of the 1st edition from 1927 with addendum Addendum 1966 by Alarich Kress).
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Karol Marhold, 2011: Primulaceae. : Datasheet Androsace vitaliana In: Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity. Berlin 2011.
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Alarich Kress: Androsace L. In: Santiago Castroviejo, Carlos Aedo, Manuel Laínz, Ramón Morales, Félix Muñoz Garmendia, Gonzalo Nieto Feliner, Jorge Paiva (eds.): Flora Ibérica. Plantas vasculares de la Península Ibérica e Islas Baleares . Vol. V. Ebenaceae - Saxifragaceae . Real Jardín Botánico, CSIC, Madrid 1997, ISBN 84-00-07641-9 , p. 36-40 ( PDF ).
^ ^A ^b Androsace vitaliana. In: Tela Botanica. Le réseau de la botanique francophone. (French)
↑ ^a ^b ^c Fabio Conti, Giovanna Abbate, Alessandro Alessandrini, Carlo Blasi (eds.): An annotated checklist of the Italian vascular flora. Palombi, Roma 2005, ISBN 88-7621-458-5 , p. 53 (PDF file; 9 MB) .
↑ David Aeschimann, Konrad Lauber, Daniel Martin Moser, Jean-Paul Theurillat: Flora Alpina. An atlas of all 4500 vascular plants in the Alps . Volume 1. Paul Haupt, Bern / Stuttgart / Vienna 2004, ISBN 3-258-06600-0 , p. 644.
^ ^A ^b Manfred A. Fischer, Karl Oswald, Wolfgang Adler: Excursion flora for Austria, Liechtenstein and South Tyrol . 3rd, improved edition. Province of Upper Austria, Biology Center of the Upper Austrian State Museums, Linz 2008, ISBN 978-3-85474-187-9 , p. 683 .

Web links

Commons : Gold primrose ( Androsace vitaliana ) - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Androsace vitaliana (L.) Lapeyr. In: Info Flora , the national data and information center for Swiss flora .

Map with all linked sites: OSM | WikiMap

[FloraHelvetica1996-1] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j Konrad Lauber, Gerhart Wagner: Flora Helvetica. Paul Haupt, Bern / Stuttgart / Vienna 1996, ISBN 3-258-05405-3 , p. 448.

[Hegi-2] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ Gustav Hegi: Illustrierte Flora von Mitteleuropa. Pteridophyta, Spermatophyta . 2nd Edition. Volume V. Part 3: Angiospermae: Dicotyledones 3 (3) (Pirolaceae - Verbenaceae) . Carl Hanser and Paul Parey, Munich and Berlin / Hamburg 1966, ISBN 3-489-76020-4 , pp. 1787–1789 (unchanged reprint of the 1st edition from 1927 with addendum).

[Hegi-Nachtrag-3] Gustav Hegi: Illustrated flora of Central Europe. Pteridophyta, Spermatophyta . 2nd Edition. Volume V. Part 3: Angiospermae: Dicotyledones 3 (3) (Pirolaceae - Verbenaceae) . Carl Hanser and Paul Parey, Munich and Berlin / Hamburg 1966, ISBN 3-489-76020-4 , pp. 2248c – 2248d (unchanged reprint of the 1st edition from 1927 with addendum Addendum 1966 by Alarich Kress).

[Euro+Med-4] Karol Marhold, 2011: Primulaceae. : Datasheet Androsace vitaliana In: Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity. Berlin 2011.

[Fl_Iberica-5] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Alarich Kress: Androsace L. In: Santiago Castroviejo, Carlos Aedo, Manuel Laínz, Ramón Morales, Félix Muñoz Garmendia, Gonzalo Nieto Feliner, Jorge Paiva (eds.): Flora Ibérica. Plantas vasculares de la Península Ibérica e Islas Baleares . Vol. V. Ebenaceae - Saxifragaceae . Real Jardín Botánico, CSIC, Madrid 1997, ISBN 84-00-07641-9 , p. 36-40 ( PDF ).

[Tela_Botanica-6] A ^b Androsace vitaliana. In: Tela Botanica. Le réseau de la botanique francophone. (French)

[Conti-7] Fabio Conti, Giovanna Abbate, Alessandro Alessandrini, Carlo Blasi (eds.): An annotated checklist of the Italian vascular flora. Palombi, Roma 2005, ISBN 88-7621-458-5 , p. 53 (PDF file; 9 MB) .

[Fl_Alpina-8] David Aeschimann, Konrad Lauber, Daniel Martin Moser, Jean-Paul Theurillat: Flora Alpina. An atlas of all 4500 vascular plants in the Alps . Volume 1. Paul Haupt, Bern / Stuttgart / Vienna 2004, ISBN 3-258-06600-0 , p. 644.

[EFÖLS3-9] A ^b Manfred A. Fischer, Karl Oswald, Wolfgang Adler: Excursion flora for Austria, Liechtenstein and South Tyrol . 3rd, improved edition. Province of Upper Austria, Biology Center of the Upper Austrian State Museums, Linz 2008, ISBN 978-3-85474-187-9 , p. 683 .