Gottfried Schramm (historian)

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Gottfried Schramm (born January 11, 1929 in Heidelberg ; † October 26, 2017 in Freiburg im Breisgau ) was a German historian who researched the history of Eastern Europe . From 1965 to 1994 he taught as a professor for modern and Eastern European history at the Albert Ludwigs University of Freiburg . His main research interests were the history of Eastern Europe, especially the Reformation period in Poland, with the history of the Eastern Jews and Russia in the 19th and 20th centuries.

Live and act

His father was the historian Percy Ernst Schramm , who was one of the most important historians of the 20th century. His mother was Ehrengard Schramm , a member of the Social Democratic state parliament, née von Thadden, the sister of the resistance fighter Elisabeth von Thadden, who was executed in 1944, and of Reinold von Thadden , the founding president of the German Evangelical Church Congress . From the marriage of Percy Ernst and Ehrengard Schramm, Gottfried Schramm had two other children, the eldest son Jost Schramm became an architect and the youngest son an engineer. Gottfried Schramm was born in Heidelberg and grew up in Göttingen. In March 1945 Schramm was doing Reich Labor Service . Schramm passed the Abitur in 1946 at the Humanistic Gymnasium in Göttingen.

From 1948 to 1952 he studied German, history and Slavic studies at the Universities of Göttingen , Tübingen and Erlangen . In self-study he taught himself some Slavic languages. In 1952 he passed the state examination in German, history and Latin in Göttingen. A year later he also received his doctorate in Göttingen on two-part Germanic personal names. After months of study in Paris, he worked for two and a half years as a teacher and boarding school teacher at the Birklehof school in Hinterzarten . Schramm then turned back to science. At Mainz Institute of European History , he worked from 1957 to 1959 on a scholarship and worked in that time on his habilitation thesis . Schramm was Peter Scheibert's assistant at the University of Marburg for several years . His habilitation took place in 1964 with a thesis on the Polish nobility and the Reformation from 1548 to 1607.

From 1965 to 1994 he held the chair for Modern and Eastern European History at the Albert Ludwig University of Freiburg . The focus of teaching was on Russia, especially from the Crimean War to Stalin . Schramm was appointed managing director of the historical seminar four times. Schramm became Vice Rector in 1970 . From 1971 to 1994 he directed and designed “the Studium generale ”. From 1974 until his death in 2017 he was editor of the Freiburg University Gazette . He introduced a fundamental innovation in the design of the Freiburg University Gazette. Three out of four issues were devoted to an interdisciplinary topic, while the fourth issue contained particularly scientific or university history contributions. He gave his farewell lecture in Freiburg on Stanisław Antoni Poniatowski , the last king of Poland. Even after his retirement, he continued to teach in Freiburg from 1994 to 2002. As an academic teacher, he supervised 35 dissertations. His most important academic students included Joachim Bahlcke , Márta Fata , Jörg Ganzenmüller , Heiko Haumann , Jürgen Kloosterhuis , Heinz-Dietrich Löwe , Christoph von Marschall , Stefan Plaggenborg , Joachim von Puttkamer , Heinz Schilling , Michael Schmidt-Neke .

The focus of his work was the church and constitutional history of Poland, in particular the Reformation period in Poland, the history of the Eastern Jews and Russia in the 19th and 20th centuries. In his work on the early history of Eastern and Southeastern Europe up to the 10th century, Schramm took into account not only written and archaeological sources but also onomatology . From the change in language, Schramm reconstructed political and historically significant power relations. Schramm sought access to the history of Russia through the work of the great Russian poets from Pushkin to Gorky . Schramm wanted to show whether “literary works match reality” and how “the Russian masters perceived reality and translated it into art”. Schramm edited the three-volume handbook on the history of Russia with Klaus Zernack . As one of the few Eastern European historians in Germany, Schramm sought a substantive exchange with Soviet researchers during the Cold War era . In his paper published in 1994 on the beginnings of Albanian Christianity, Schramm argued that the Albanians descended from the Thracian Bessen . With his thesis Schramm pursued the goal: "It could help people if they found out more correctly than before where they come from". His 2004 published work Fünf Wegscheiden der Weltgeschichte. For Schramm himself, a comparison was his most important book. In it Schramm compared five events, called parting ways, and assigned them to the same type of crisis. 1). The appearance of Moses and the emergence of biblical monotheism from Akhenaten's sun cult , 2) the separation of Christianity from Judaism, 3) the breakthrough of the Reformation in Central Europe as the outcome of Protestantism from the Catholic Church, 4) the apostasy of the thirteen North American colonies from the British colonial rule and 5) the radicalization of the social reformist movement between 1860 and 1880, from which communism ultimately emerged . Schramm saw the structural correspondence between these five paths in the fact that a new trend branches off from an older tradition and then runs alongside it.

He has been awarded several honors for his research. In 1990 he was awarded the University Medal of the University of Freiburg and in 1999 the Officer's Cross of the Order of Polonia Restituta . In 2009 he received the Reuchlin Prize of the City of Pforzheim , which is awarded every two years at the suggestion of the Heidelberg Academy of Sciences for outstanding German-language work in the field of humanities. He was a foreign member of the Polish Academy of Scholarship in Cracow . Schramm was co-editor of the Yearbooks for the History of Eastern Europe .

Schramm was a long-time member of the SPD . He resigned from the party at the beginning of 2004 because of his rejection of tuition fees and Turkey policy. He was married to the entrepreneur Ellen Gottlieb-Schramm, who died in 2011 . Schramm died in October 2017 at the age of 88 in Freiburg. He was buried in the Bergäcker cemetery in Freiburg- Littenweiler .

Fonts (selection)

Monographs

  • Name treasure and poetry language. Studies on the two-part personal names of the Teutons (= supplement to the journal for comparative linguistic research in the field of Indo-European languages. No. 15, ZDB -ID 545165-6 ). Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 1957, (dissertation; digitized ).
  • The Polish nobility and the Reformation 1548–1607 (= publications of the Institute for European History, Mainz. Vol. 36, ISSN  0537-7919 ). Steiner, Wiesbaden 1965, (at the same time: Mainz, university, habilitation paper, 1964).
  • North Pontic Currents. Name-philological approaches to the early days of the European East. Vandenhoeck and Ruprecht, Göttingen 1973, ISBN 3-525-26117-9 (In Russian and Cyrillic script: . Реки Северного Причерноморья Историко-филологическое исследование их названий в ранних веках (= . Взгляд Издалека . Vol. 1) Eastern Communications, Москва 1997).
  • Conquerors and residents. Geographical loan names as witnesses to the history of Southeast Europe in the first millennium AD. Hiersemann, Stuttgart 1981, ISBN 3-7772-8126-3 .
  • A dam breaks. The Roman Danube border and the invasion of the 5th – 7th centuries Century in the light of names and words (= Southeast European works. Vol. 100). Oldenbourg, Munich 1997, ISBN 3-486-56262-2 (partial translation into the Romanian language: Destine timpurii ale românilor. Opt teze referitoare la localizarea continuităţii latine în Europa Sud-Est. Komp-Press, Cluj-Napoca 2006, ISBN 973- 9373-69-0 ).
  • Beginnings of Albanian Christianity. The early conversion of the Bessen and their long consequences (= Rombach Sciences. Series Historiae. Vol. 4). Rombach, Freiburg (Breisgau) 1994, ISBN 3-7930-9083-3 ( digitized ; 2nd, updated and expanded edition. Ibid. 1999; in Albanian: Fillet e krishterimit shqiptar. Convertimi i hershëm i besëve dhe pasojat e tij të gjata . Albanian Institute, St. Gallen 2006, ISBN 3-9523077-2-6 (Translated after the 1999 edition)).
  • Old Russia's beginning. Historical conclusions from names, words and texts on the 9th and 10th centuries (= Rombach Sciences. Series Historiae. Vol. 12). Rombach, Freiburg (Breisgau) 2002, ISBN 3-7930-9268-2 .
  • Five ways of world history. A comparison. Vandenhoeck and Ruprecht, Göttingen 2004, ISBN 3-525-36730-9 (In Polish: Pięć rozdroży w dziejach świata. Porównanie. Państwowy Instytut Wydawniczy, Warsaw 2009, ISBN 978-83-06-03190-4 ; in Czech: Dějiny a řády života. Pět rozhodujících zlomů světových dějin. Sociologické Nakladatelství, Prague 2012, ISBN 978-80-7419-098-8 ; in Chinese language and writing: 世界 历史 的 五个 岔路 口. 人民出版社., 北京 2014, ISBN 978-80-7419-098-8 ; 978-7-01-013814-5 ; in English: Five partings of way in world history. A comparison. Lang-Edition, Frankfurt am Main 2014, ISBN 978-3-631-64429-4 ).
  • Slavic in worship. Church vocabulary and new written languages ​​on the way to a Christian Southeast Europe (= Southeast European Works. Vol. 129). Oldenbourg, Munich 2006, ISBN 3-486-58045-0 .
  • From Pushkin to Gorky. Poetic perceptions of a changing society (= Rombach Sciences. Litterae series. Vol. 159). Rombach, Freiburg (Breisgau) et al. 2008, ISBN 978-3-7930-9530-9 .
  • Polska w dziejach Europy środkowej. Studia (= Poznańska biblioteka niemiecka. Vol. 31). Translated by Ewa Płomińska-Krawiec. Wydawnictwo Poznańskie, Posen 2010, ISBN 978-83-7177-730-1 (Collected essays on Polish history. Poland in the history of Central Europe. Studies. ).
  • Missed encounters. Rombach, Freiburg (Breisgau) et al. 2012, ISBN 978-3-79309683-2 .

Editorships

  • 1856-1945. From the autocratic reforms to the Soviet state (= Handbook of the History of Russia. Vol. 3, Half-Vol. 1–2). Hiersemann, Stuttgart 1983–1992, ISBN 3-7772-8326-6 (half volume 1), ISBN 3-7772-9238-9 (half volume 2).

literature

  • Gottfried Schramm: A Philologist as a Historian. In: Gottfried Schramm (Ed.) Narrated experience. Thoughtful reviews of Freiburg professors from 1988 to 2007. Rombach, Freiburg (Breisgau) et al. 2007, ISBN 978-3-7930-9525-5 , pp. 515-528, (autobiographical).
  • Oliver Junge: Gottfried Schramm. The thing with the Messiah has a system. From philology to Eastern European research and then to universal history: the Freiburg historian on his eightieth birthday. In: Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung , January 5, 2009, No. 3, p. 28.
  • (Self-introduction) Prof. Dr. Gottfried Schramm. In: Freiburger Universitätsblätter 10 (1965), p. 20.
  • Heiko Haumann To the co-editor Gottfried Schramm on his 65th birthday on January 11th. In: Jahrbücher für Geschichte Osteuropas 42 (1994), pp. 159-160. ( Digitized version )
  • Albert Ludwig University of Freiburg: anniversary. Festive honors from Freiburg scholars. Gottfried Schramm on his 80th birthday. Rombach, Freiburg, Br. Et al. 2009, ISBN 978-3-7930-9594-1 .
  • Dietmar Neutatz : An old school scholar. On the death of the Freiburg historian Gottfried Schramm. In: Badische Zeitung , November 2, 2017 ( online )
  • Jaroslav Pánek: Gottfried Schramm (11th ledna 1929 - 26th října 2017). In: Český časopis historický 115 (2017), p. 1210 ff.
  • Stefan Plaggenborg : Seeing history. On the death of the Freiburg historian Gottfried Schramm. In: Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung , October 30, 2017, No. 252, p. 14.
  • Joachim von Puttkamer: Obituary for Gottfried Schramm (1929–2017). In: Year books for the history of Eastern Europe 66 (2018), pp. 692–693.
  • Gustav Seibt : Obituary Gottfried Schramm. The Freiburg Eastern European historian died on October 26th at the age of 88. In: Süddeutsche Zeitung , November 2, 2017, p. 14 ( online ).

Web links

Remarks

  1. ^ Obituary notice Gottfried Schramm in Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung from October 30, 2017
  2. ↑ Gottfried Schramm: A philologist as a historian. In: Gottfried Schramm (Ed.) Narrated experience. Thoughtful reviews of Freiburg professors from 1988 to 2007. Freiburg (Breisgau) et al. 2007, pp. 515–528, here: p. 518.
  3. ↑ Gottfried Schramm: A philologist as a historian. In: Gottfried Schramm (Ed.) Narrated experience. Thoughtful reviews of Freiburg professors from 1988 to 2007. Freiburg (Breisgau) et al. 2007, pp. 515–528, here: p. 525.
  4. ^ Günter Schnitzler: Joint decades in the Studium generale and in the editorial office of the Freiburg University Gazette. In: Albert Ludwig University of Freiburg: Jubilee. Festive honors from Freiburg scholars. Gottfried Schramm on his 80th birthday. Rombach, Freiburg, Br. Et al. 2009, pp. 11–19, here: p. 17.
  5. ↑ Gottfried Schramm: Reforms under Poland's last king. The adaptability of a corporate state in a European comparison (1764–1795) . In: Berliner Jahrbuch für East European History 1 (1996) pp. 203–215.
  6. ↑ Gottfried Schramm: Power and Powerlessness of the Cimmerians. The formation of an empire on the eastern edge of Europe, which was broken up at an early stage, is an interdisciplinary topic. In: Sebastian Brather (Ed.): Historia achaeologica. Festschrift for Heiko Steuer on his 70th birthday. Berlin et al. 2009, pp. 107–123; Gottfried Schramm: North Pontic Currents. Name-philological approaches to the early days of the European East. Göttingen 1973.
  7. ↑ Gottfried Schramm: From Pushkin to Gorky. Poetic perceptions of a changing society. Freiburg i. Br. 2008, p. 39.
  8. ↑ Gottfried Schramm: From Pushkin to Gorky. Poetic perceptions of a changing society. Freiburg i. Br. 2008, p. 38.
  9. ^ Corinna Unger: Ostforschung in Westdeutschland. The Exploration of the European East and the German Research Foundation, 1945–1975. Stuttgart 2007, p. 333; Berthold Seewald: World history arises on the periphery. The historian Gottfried Schramm turns 80. In: Die Welt , on January 9, 2009.
  10. ↑ Gottfried Schramm: Beginnings of Albanian Christianity. The early conversion of the Bessen and their long consequences. Freiburg (Breisgau) 1994, p. 14.
  11. ↑ Gottfried Schramm: A philologist as a historian. In: Gottfried Schramm (Ed.) Narrated experience. Thoughtful reviews of Freiburg professors from 1988 to 2007. Freiburg (Breisgau) et al. 2007, pp. 515–528, here: p. 527.
  12. ↑ Gottfried Schramm: Five ways divide the world history. A comparison. Göttingen 2004, p. 12.
  13. ↑ See Reuchlin Prize. The winners. 2009. Gottfried Schramm ( Memento from November 15, 2011 in the Internet Archive ).
  14. ↑ Gottfried Schramm: A philologist as a historian. In: Gottfried Schramm (Ed.) Narrated experience. Thoughtful reviews of Freiburg professors from 1988 to 2007. Freiburg (Breisgau) et al. 2007, pp. 515–528, here: p. 517.
personal data
SURNAME Schramm, Gottfried
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German historian
DATE OF BIRTH January 11, 1929
PLACE OF BIRTH Heidelberg
DATE OF DEATH October 26, 2017
Place of death Freiburg in Breisgau