Haüyn
| Haüyn | |
|---|---|
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| General and classification | |
| other names |
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| chemical formula |
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Mineral class (and possibly department) |
Silicates and Germanates - framework silicates |
|
System no. to Strunz and to Dana |
9.FB.10 ( 8th edition : VIII / F.07) 76.02.03.03 |
| Similar minerals | Sodalite, nosean, lazurite |
| Crystallographic Data | |
| Crystal system | cubic |
| Crystal class ; symbol | cubic-hexakistrahedral; 4 3 m |
| Space group | P 4 3 n (No. 218) |
| Lattice parameters | a = 9.12 Å |
| Formula units | Z = 1 |
| Twinning | often after {111} |
| Physical Properties | |
| Mohs hardness | 5.5 to 6 |
| Density (g / cm 3 ) | measured: 2.44 to 2.50 |
| Cleavage | completely according to {110}, {011} and {101} |
| Break ; Tenacity | shell-like |
| colour | intense blue to sky blue or greenish blue, more rarely yellow and red; also white, brown, gray to black, green |
| Line color | bluish to colorless |
| transparency | transparent to translucent |
| shine | Greasy gloss, glass gloss |
| Crystal optics | |
| Refractive index | n = 1.494 to 1.509 |
| Birefringence | none, as it is optically isotropic |
| Other properties | |
| Special features | occasionally reddish-orange to pink-violet fluorescence under long-wave UV light |
Haüyn ( pronunciation : [ ha'ɥi: n ]), also Hauyn or outdated hauynite , is a rather seldom occurring mineral from the mineral class of "silicates and germanates" with the composition Na 5-6 Ca 2 [(SO 4 , Cl) 2 | Al 6 Si 6 O 24 ] and is therefore chemically a sodium - calcium - aluminosilicate with [SO 4 ] 2− and chloride as additional anions .
Haüyn crystallizes in the cubic crystal system , but mostly develops only millimeter-sized crystals of predominantly blue color and glass-like luster . In rare cases, however, white, brown, yellow, gray, green, green-blue and orange-red Haüyne were also found.
Etymology and history
Hauyne was first Abbé Gismondi at Lake Nemi (Italian Lago di Nemi ) in the Italian region Lazio discovered and 1803 in an unpublished mineralogical treatise as Latialit described. He passed his treatise on to the Danish scholar Tønnes Christian Bruun-Neergaard (1776-1824), who used it on May 25, 1807 as the basis for a lecture in the science class of the National Institute to introduce the new mineral to the public. Since it was mostly rejected at that time to name minerals after their first place of discovery and the new mineral was also found on Monte Somma , Bruun-Neergaard suggested that the new mineral should be named after the French mineralogist René-Just Haüy (1743-1822 ) as Hauyn (now correctly: Haüyn).
classification
Already in the outdated 8th edition of the mineral classification by Strunz of hauyne belonged to the class of "silicates and Germanates" and then to the Department of " framework silicates (tectosilicates)" where he collaborated with Lasurit , Nosean , sodalite , Tugtupite the "sodalite Nosean Series "with the system no. VIII / F.07 .
In the last revised and updated Lapis mineral directory by Stefan Weiß in 2018 , which, out of consideration for private collectors and institutional collections, is still based on this classic system of Karl Hugo Strunz , the mineral was given the system and mineral number. VIII / J.11-30 . In the “lapis system”, this also corresponds to the “framework silicates” department, where Haüyn forms the “sodalite group” together with bicchulite , hydrosodalite , kamaishilite , lazurite, nosean, sodalite, tsaregorodtsevit , tugtupite and Vladimirivanovite .
The 9th edition of Strunz's mineral systematics, which has been in force since 2001 and updated by the International Mineralogical Association (IMA) until 2009, classifies the Haüyn in the newly defined division of “tectosilicates without zeolitic H 2 O”. This is further subdivided according to the possible presence of additional anions , so that the mineral can be found according to its composition in the sub-section “Tectosilicates with additional anions”, where it can be found together with bicchulite, danalith , genthelvin , helvin , kamaishilite, lazurite , Nosean, Sodalith, Tsaregorodtsevit and Tugtupit the "Sodalite-Danalith-Group" with the system no. 9.FB.10 forms.
The systematics of minerals according to Dana , which is mainly used in the English-speaking world , assigns the Haüyn to the class of "silicates and germanates" and there in the department of "structural silicates: Al-Si lattice". Here it is together with sodalite, nosean, lazurite, bicchulite, kamaishilite, tugtupite and tsaregorodtsevit in the " sodalite group " with the system no. 76.02.03 within the sub-section “Framework silicates: Al-Si lattices, feldspar representatives and related species”.
Crystal structure
Haüyn crystallizes in the cubic crystal system in the space group P 4 3 n (space group no. 218) with the lattice parameter a = 9.12 Å and one formula unit per unit cell .
properties
morphology
In general, Haüyn is found as very small (approx. 1 to 2 mm), embedded and rounded grains. Fully developed crystals over 5 mm are very rare.
Chemical and physical properties
As a member of the sodalite group, Haüyn belongs to the Foids . The mineral is transparent to translucent, has a Mohs hardness of 5.5 to 6 and a density of 2.4 g / cm³. The chemical composition of Haüyn is difficult to determine, as it is mostly a matter of complex mixed crystals between different members of the sodalite group (mainly sodalite, nosean and lazurite ). For this reason, different chemical formulas are given in the literature; more recent sources give them idealized as Na 3 Ca (Si 3 Al 3 ) O 12 (SO 4 ).
Occasionally, long-wave UV light shows reddish-orange or pinkish-violet fluorescence .
Education and Locations
Haüyn forms in SiO 2 - undersaturated (low-silicon, alkaline) volcanic rocks during the late phase of the magmatic differentiation sequence . During explosive volcanic eruptions , it is ejected from the depths of the earth's crust . The fallout contains volcanic ash, pumice , tuff and slag. The accompanying minerals include titanium-containing andradite , apatite , augite , biotite , leucite , melilite , nepheline , phlogopite and sanidine .
"Noble", that is, Haüyne that can be used and facetted for the jewelry industry, are found primarily in the ash and pumice layers that cover the area around the Laacher See near Mendig and Nickenich in the Vulkaneifel . The largest known Haüyn crystal with a diameter of around 3.2 centimeters was also found by a hobby collector in the Eifel in early October 2012 and has been in the possession of the TU Bergakademie Freiberg since early 2013 . The crystal can currently be viewed in the Krüger House in the “German Minerals” exhibition of the “Mineralogical Collection Germany” foundation.
In addition to the Eifel, other well-known sites in Germany include Hochkopf and Hirzberg in the Black Forest as well as several sites at the Kaiserstuhl in Baden-Württemberg, the "Roßberg" quarry near Roßdorf in the Hessian Odenwald .
In Austria, Haüyn has so far only been found on Pauliberg and Stradner Kogel and in Switzerland the mineral is only known from Beringen SH and Reiat in the canton of Schaffhausen.
Worldwide sites include Badachschan in Afghanistan , Armenia , the island of Tasmania off Australia, Itaju do Colônia in the Brazilian state of Bahia , Sumaco and Pan de Azúcar in the Ecuadorian province of Napo , Nunavut and Québec in Canada, Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes in France as well the French colony of Tahiti , Kangerlussuaq in Greenland, Los Archipelago in Guinea , various regions in Italy , the northern regions of Russia , Dalarna and Uppland in Sweden, the Canary Islands and Catalonia in Spain as well as in several states of the USA .
use
Although Haüyn was first found in Italy, the best Haüyne in gem quality and the coveted neon blue color come mainly from the Eifel . International sources repeatedly mention white, gray, yellow, green, purple or red Haüyne. Haüyn in pumice is lighter and smaller (1 to 2 mm) than in basaltic lapilli (<5 mm).
Only transparent, flawless and intensely colored Haüyn crystals are cut and processed into gemstones . Due to the fact that the crystal is perfectly cleavable in several axial directions, the stone reacts very sensitively to all types of pressure (grinding, setting, ultrasonic cleaning) and heat changes (soldering, point light emitters). The larger it is, the greater the value of a faceted Haüyn.
See also
literature
- TC Bruun-Neergard: About the Hauyn (la Hauyne), a new mineral substance . In: Journal of Chemical Physics . tape 4 , 1807, pp. 417-429 ( rruff.info [PDF; 1.4 MB ; accessed on September 23, 2019]).
- Walter Schumann: Precious stones and gemstones. All kinds and varieties. 1900 unique pieces . 16th revised edition. BLV Verlag, Munich 2014, ISBN 978-3-8354-1171-5 , pp. 43, 56, 240 .
Web links
- Mineral Atlas: Haüyn (Wiki)
- Haüyne search results. In: rruff.info. Database of Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and chemistry of minerals (RRUFF), accessed on September 23, 2019 .
- American-Mineralogist-Crystal-Structure-Database - Haüyne. In: rruff.geo.arizona.edu. Retrieved September 23, 2019 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d Stefan Weiß: The large Lapis mineral directory. All minerals from A - Z and their properties. Status 03/2018 . 7th, completely revised and supplemented edition. Weise, Munich 2018, ISBN 978-3-921656-83-9 .
- ↑ a b Malcolm Back, William D. Birch, Michel Blondieau and others: The New IMA List of Minerals - A Work in Progress - Updated: September 2019. (PDF 2672 kB) In: cnmnc.main.jp. IMA / CNMNC, Marco Pasero, September 2019, accessed September 23, 2019 .
- ↑ a b c d Hugo Strunz , Ernest H. Nickel : Strunz Mineralogical Tables. Chemical-structural Mineral Classification System . 9th edition. E. Schweizerbart'sche Verlagbuchhandlung (Nägele and Obermiller), Stuttgart 2001, ISBN 3-510-65188-X , p. 699 .
- ↑ Webmineral - Hauyne (English)
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j Haüyne . In: John W. Anthony, Richard A. Bideaux, Kenneth W. Bladh, Monte C. Nichols (Eds.): Handbook of Mineralogy, Mineralogical Society of America . 2001 ( handbookofmineralogy.org [PDF; 76 kB ; accessed on September 23, 2019]).
- ↑ Hans Jürgen Rösler : Textbook of Mineralogy . 4th revised and expanded edition. German publishing house for basic industry (VEB), Leipzig 1987, ISBN 3-342-00288-3 , p. 610 .
- ↑ Haüyne. In: mindat.org. Hudson Institute of Mineralogy, accessed September 23, 2019 .
- ^ Swedish Wikisource - Sida: Berzelius Bref 8.djvu / 88
- ↑ Detlev Lorenz Lübker , Hans Schröder (Ed.): Lexicon of Schleswig-Holstein-Lauenburg and Eutinian writers from 1796 to 1828 . 1. Department A – MK Aue, 1829, p. 386 ( limited preview in Google Book Search).
- ^ TC Bruun-Neergard: Ueber den Hauyn (la Hauyne), a new mineral substance . In: Journal of Chemical Physics . tape 4 , 1807, pp. 417-429 ( rruff.info [PDF; 1.4 MB ; accessed on September 23, 2019]).
- ↑ Ernest H. Nickel, Monte C. Nichols: IMA / CNMNC List of Minerals 2009. (PDF 1703 kB) In: cnmnc.main.jp. IMA / CNMNC, January 2009, accessed September 24, 2019 .
- ↑ Simon Schmitt: The largest Haüyn crystal in the world moves into the Freiberg Krügerhaus. In: tu-freiberg.de. TU Freiberg press office, January 31, 2013, accessed on September 24, 2019 .
- ↑ Find location list for Haüyn in the Mineralienatlas and Mindat , accessed on September 24, 2019.
- ↑ Gem Etiquette - Hauyn. In: beyars.com. Retrieved on September 23, 2019 (the Hayn spelling there is a typo).