Badakhshan

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ولایت بدخشان
Badakhshan
Iran Turkmenistan Usbekistan Tadschikistan China de-facto Pakistan (von Indien beansprucht) de-facto Indien (von Pakistan beansprucht) Indien Pakistan Nimrus Helmand Kandahar Zabul Paktika Chost Paktia Lugar Farah Uruzgan Daikondi Nangarhar Kunar Laghman Kabul Kapisa Nuristan Pandschschir Parwan Wardak Bamiyan Ghazni Baglan Ghor Badghis Faryab Dschuzdschan Herat Balch Sar-i Pul Samangan Kundus Tachar Badachschanlocation
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Basic data
Country Afghanistan
Capital Faizabad
surface 44,836 km²
Residents 966.800 (09/2016)
density 22 inhabitants per km²
ISO 3166-2 AF-BDS
Districts in Badakhshan Province (as of 2005)
Districts in Badakhshan Province (as of 2005)

Coordinates: 36 ° 44 '  N , 70 ° 48'  E

Badachschan (also Badakhshan , Pashto / Dari بدخشان) is an Afghan province located in the far northeast of the country. The province has an area of ​​44,836 km². The provincial capital is Faizabad . Badachschan has about 966,800 inhabitants. In the north Badachschan borders on Tajikistan ( Berg-Badachschan region ), in the southeast on Pakistan and in the extreme east on the People's Republic of China . The main language is Dari .

geography

The elevation of the province

Badachschan lies between the Amu Darya in the north, the northern foothills of the Hindu Kush in the south and the foothills of the Karakoram Mountains in the east. The Amu Darya and its source rivers also form the border with Tajikistan . The so-called Wakhan Corridor , a narrow stretch of land about 300 km long, forms the eastern part of the province. There is also the highest mountain in Afghanistan, the 7485  m high Noshaq .

The relief of Badachschan shows almost all of the high mountain character. Only the areas in the extreme northwest along the lower reaches of the Koktscha River and in a narrow strip on the Pyanj are below 1500  m .

Another important river is the Wakhan in the easternmost part of the corridor of the same name. In the north of the province, the approximately 100 km long Schiwa River flows to the Pyanj.

In the south, the border of the province lies on the watershed to the catchment area of ​​the Kabul river or in the Wakhan corridor to the Indus , so that all rivers in Badakhshan belong to the catchment area of ​​the Amu Darya.

The largest lakes in Badachschan are the Schiwasee between Schiwa and Pyandsch in the northwest of the province and the Zorkulsee in the Wakhan Corridor, from which the Pamir River rises.

Administrative division

This article or the following section is not adequately provided with supporting documents ( e.g. individual evidence ). Information without sufficient evidence could be removed soon. Please help Wikipedia by researching the information and including good evidence.

Badachshan Province is divided into districts. The number of districts was increased in 2005 by division to 29 administrative units.

The districts are:

The 29 districts since 2005

climate

The climate is predominantly a high mountain climate .

history

In ancient times Badakhshan belonged to the Hellenistic kingdom of Bactria . The current name appears for the first time in Chinese scripts of the 7th and 8th centuries. The Timurids ruled in the 15th century until the Uzbeks conquered Badakhshan in 1584. The era of the Uzbek Mire ( see also Emir ) ended in 1822 when Badachschan was taken by Morad Beg from Kunduz . In 1859 the province became tributary to Kabul and in 1881 it was incorporated into the Afghan Empire. The borders were set in the Anglo-Russian agreements of 1873 and 1895. Since then, the Panj (river, arm of the Amu Darja) has separated the Afghan from the Tajik part of Badakhshan. In 1979 the cities of Faizabad and Eshkashem were taken by the Soviet Army , which from 1980 maintained a garrison in Faizabad. After the Taliban took over the government , Badachschan belonged to the Northern Alliance and Faizabad was the seat of the government of Burhānuddin Rabbāni from 1996 to 2001 . The Northern Alliance fought off several attempts by the Taliban to conquer Badakhshan.

mythology

Badachschan also found its way into the Iranian national epic Shahname von Firdausi . So in the story of Rostam and Sohrab we find the line:

“I send you princely gifts from my graces,
horses and camels laden with jewels;
Turquoise from Turkistan, from Badakhshan rubies,
emerald bouquets three with pearl dew on them. "

La'l-e Badaḫšān , rubies from Badachschan, are proverbial in classical Persian literature for rubies of the best quality, and translated for everything deep red and precious, especially for lips and hearts.

Ethnicities and religions

The majority of the population is made up of Tajiks . There are also minorities of Pashtuns , Turkmens and Kyrgyz people, as well as Russian converts from the time of Soviet intervention and occupation .

The main religion is Islam , with believers divided into Sunnis (majority) and Shiites , including Ismailis . Little is known about the number of Christians and Parsees (followers of Zarathustra's teaching ).

economy

Agriculture

Land use

The agriculture is determined by the mountainous character of the province. There are around 200,000 hectares in use for agriculture. 33,000 hectares of this are irrigated, which is a small percentage by Afghan standards. In addition, there are meadows and pastureland; the estimates of their extent vary greatly, from 120,000 ha to 280,000 ha, the transition to the wasteland is fluid. Forest covers around 100,000 hectares. Together, only around 10 percent of Badachschan's area is used for agriculture. The average farm in Badachschan has one to two hectares of arable land. Since the climate is relatively cold due to the altitude, only one harvest per year can be achieved in many areas. On the other hand, the rainfall of 300 to 800 mm per year has a positive effect, which is the highest in Afghanistan and enables cultivation without irrigation.

Most of the arable land is on the western border of Badachshan in an approximately semicircular area that extends from Keschim in the south via Feyzabad to the area of ​​the city of Murch in the north. Further to the east, almost only the valleys are suitable for agriculture.

Products

By far the most important crop is wheat. Rice and barley are cultivated to a lesser extent, the rice mainly in the area around Keschim.

The yields in the 80s and 90s were around 1.5 tons per hectare for irrigated wheat and around 600 kg (fluctuating) per hectare for non-irrigated wheat. In recent years, high-quality seeds and fertilizers have increased the yield. The grain is processed in numerous small (water) mills, the typical maximum capacity of which is 2 tons per day.

Agriculture in Badachschan is largely non-mechanized. Animals are kept such as cattle (ox), donkeys and horses that can be used as draft animals. Goats and sheep are present in greater numbers.

Fruit trees are planted in the Baharak Valley.

In addition to legal agriculture, the cultivation of opium poppies for the production of opium is a main source of income. Badachschan had developed into the main opium producer in Afghanistan by 2003. The share in the total production of the country is given by the United Nations with 57% (status 2004).

In the 1990s, around 2000 hectares were still cultivated with opium poppies in Badachschan. By 2004 this area rose to around 15,000 ha. In the two following years it was around 8,000 ha and 12,000 ha. In 2007 the area fell to around 4,000 ha. In 2008, opium production fell so far that Badachschan was declared opium-free. The opium obtained is traditionally also consumed by the locals; the number of drug addicts in Afghanistan is estimated at around one million.

Business

The level of education in Badachschan is low, also in comparison with other Afghan provinces. In the villages, many people have a sideline with manual activities such as tailoring, spinning and making carpets. In addition, although there are craft businesses in the cities, there is no major industry. The operations also include auto repair shops. In order to promote the training of auto mechanics, Germany founded a vocational school for auto mechanics in Feyzabad in 2008 with 70 apprenticeships. The American side organized a handicraft and agricultural fair in Feyzabad in 2007 and 2008, which attracted around 15,000 visitors.

Mining

The province is one of the main mining areas for lapis lazuli , which has been mined here for around 4000 years. Other mineral resources are ruby , emerald , amethyst , gold and sulfur . However, the minerals have not yet been further processed, so that only a small part of the added value remained on site. There are now training courses for cutting and grinding stones.

Infrastructure

Badakhshan is one of the poorest provinces in Afghanistan. The entire infrastructure in the areas of transport, education and medical care is poorly developed. Further expansion is also made difficult by the location in the mountains and high mountains.

power supply

In the past, the power supply in Badachschan was extremely low. Only one percent of households had access to electricity, and oil lamps were used for lighting in 98% of cases. The number of electricity users (households / commercial / public) was given as around 3,000 in 2006. In the meantime, GTZ has built three small hydropower plants. They are located at Chata, Sangab and Jurm and have an output of around 100 kW to 450 kW. This supplies around 5000 electricity consumers (corresponding to around 30,000 people). KfW is planning to build two more power plants with 4.2 MW at Faizabad and 2.4 MW at Keschim by 2011. This could give 25% of the population an electricity connection.

Practically no fossil fuels are used for heating and cooking. Preferred fuels are dung, bushes and (tree) wood.

Streets

The most important road, the so-called Highway 302, leads from Kunduz along the Kowcheh via Taloqan and Keshim to Faizabad . It represents the main connection to the rest of Afghanistan. The highest point between Kunduz and Faizabad is the Chenar-e-Gonjeshkan pass (1600 m) behind Taloqan. The road was unpaved until 2009 and in parts in very bad condition. Especially in winter it could be impassable for days due to the weather. Trucks needed at least 10 hours for the route Kunduz - Faizabad (250 km). With smaller vehicles the travel time was about 8 hours.

The Kunduz-Taloqan section has meanwhile been modernized and expanded (2009). The Taloqan-Keshim section (68 km) is under construction, as is the Keshim-Faizabad section (103 km). Asphalting of the Keshim-Faizabad section began in May 2009. This main road crosses the Kowcheh at Faizabad and continues via Baharak into the Wakhan Corridor. Badachschan is also connected to Tajikistan via this road . At the border town of Ishkashim , a junction of the road crosses the border river Pyanj and continues to Chorugh and the Pamir Highway . There is, however, no road connection to Pakistan or China (as of 2005).

In many places there is no connection to smaller villages in the mountains. Goods are transported here with donkeys or on foot.

Almost all of the roads are gravel or sand tracks, even within the cities. (As of 2006)

Air traffic

Feyzabad International Airport. On the left in the picture the runway made of sand sheets is visible. The protected area is to the right of the helicopters. The tower is on the left, just outside the visual limits.

In Faizabad there is a former Russian military airfield, which is called Feyzabad International Airport and is served by the Afghan airline Ariana with twin-engine turboprop aircraft of the Antonov An-24 type (Russian aircraft type). The airfield is still used by the United Nations , aid agencies and the military. The United Nations has been planning (since 2004) the new construction with a concrete runway. The flight operation takes place according to the rules of visual flight , as there are neither lights (lighting) nor radio beacons .

The runway consists of nested sand plates, which are lined in the north and south by Hesco positions. There is now a temporary tower , which is only used by the local ISAF troops. The airport also has a protected area where it is relatively safe to wait for planes. The airport is located not far to the west of Camp Feyzabad .

Healthcare

The sanitary situation is characterized by the lack of domestic water connections and sewerage. The water is supplied via public taps or pumps via covered wells, and in some cases also from open springs and watercourses. Communal latrines are available in the towns for disposal, but open pits must be sufficient for a significant proportion of households.

There is a clinic complex in the provincial capital Faizabad . This is divided into a general hospital, a clinic for gynecology and obstetrics, and a malaria and leishmaniasis center . There is also a nursing school. Both clinics have two operating theaters each. Specialists in surgery , internal medicine , ear, nose and throat medicine , ophthalmology , gynecology, obstetrics and anesthesia work in the hospital . Doctors work in the gynecology and obstetrics clinic and it is managed by a doctor. The treatment is free of charge for patients. Medicines and bandages, however, have to be bought yourself.

The director of the complex is also responsible for Badachschan's entire health system. In addition to him, there is a specialist in internal medicine who, as a specialist in infectious diseases (especially tuberculosis ), looks after the entire province.

The condition of the clinics is desolate. There is no regulated electricity and water supply. Wood stoves are used for heating, for which patients have to bring their own wood. The technical equipment is also poor, although numerous aid supplies are stored in the clinic, but cannot be used due to the above.

In Faizabad there are some small pharmacies as well as medical practices of the doctors working in the hospital. X-rays take place in the bazaar .

Since the beginning of 2006 there has also been a hospital in another large city, Jorm , which was built with the help of ISAF. However, here too there is an acute shortage of both drugs and technical equipment. Donations from aid organizations disappear here very easily and reappear later in the bazaar at overpriced prices. In the rest of the province there are a few smaller ambulances for basic care. In contrast to the clinics, there is no permanent doctor employed here. Several aid organizations are involved in establishing and improving the health system.

(As of 2005)

Natural disasters

Avalanches

Avalanches occur regularly in the mountain region . In 2012, around 100 people died with two departures.

Mountain slide 2014

After heavy rains, on May 2, 2014, there were two successive landslides in the Argo district ( WGS84 coordinates: 37 ° 0 ′ 54 ″  N , 70 ° 21 ′ 48 ″  E ). After an initial mudslide, a second spilled a wedding party with 250 people, residents while cleaning up and with 300 houses, most of the village of Hargu . Other details name the settlement Ab-e-Barik (Aab Barik). More than 2,100 deaths are expected. There are no shovels or excavators in the remote province.

Help was offered internationally.

On November 19, 2014, the number of victims was revised down significantly even for Afghanistan: "The number of dead villagers that we have registered is around 100," said the spokesman for the Ministry of Rural Development, Jamil Afterwards. It was based on the total number of inhabitants of the village buried by the mudslide. However, it turned out that most of them weren't at home.

literature

  • Ludwig W. Adamec (Ed.): Badakhshan Province and Northeastern Afghanistan , Akademische Druck- u. Publishing house, Graz 1972
  • Jan-Heeren Grevemeyer: Rule, robbery and reciprocity: The political history of Badakhshans 1500–1883 , Otto Harrassowitz, Wiesbaden 1982
  • Wolfgang Holzwarth: Segmentation and State Building in Afghanistan: Traditional Socio-Political Organization in Badakhshan, Wakhan and Sheghnan In: Berlin Institute for Comparative Social Research [Red .: Kurt Greussing u. Jan-Heeren Grevemeyer] (Ed.): Revolution in Iran and Afghanistan - mardom nameh - Yearbook on the history and society of the Middle East Syndicate, Frankfurt am Main 1980, ISBN 3-8108-0147-X .

Web links

Commons : Badakhshan Province  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Afghanistan. In: citypopulation.de. Retrieved September 28, 2016 .
  2. ^ Friedrich Rückert: Rostem and Suhrab. A hero story in 12 books. Reprint of the first edition from 1838. epubli, Berlin, 2010, First Book, Chapter 18-1.
  3. ↑ a b c UNIDATA, a project of UNDP / OPS & UNOCA: Afghanistan - Badakhshan Province A - Socio Economic Profile  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF), New Zealand Digital Library (The University of Walkato), February 15, 1992, p. 28, accessed May 22, 2009.@1@ 2Template: Toter Link / nzdl.sadl.uleth.ca  
  4. ↑ Regional Rural Economic Regeneration Strategies (RRERS), Provincial Profile - Badakhshan ( Memento of the original from July 3, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF), on the Afghanistan Investment Support Agency (AISA) website , p. 2, last amended on April 24, 2007, accessed on May 23, 2009. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.aisa.org.af
  5. ↑ Regional Rural Economic Regeneration Strategies (RRERS), Provincial Profile - Badakhshan ( Memento of the original from July 3, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF), on the Afghanistan Investment Support Agency (AISA) website , p. 3, last amended on April 24, 2007, accessed on May 23, 2009. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.aisa.org.af
  6. ↑ Regional Rural Economic Regeneration Strategies (RRERS), Provincial Profile - Badakhshan ( Memento of the original from July 3, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF), on the Afghanistan Investment Support Agency (AISA) website , p. 1, last amended on April 24, 2007, accessed on May 23, 2009. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.aisa.org.af
  7. ↑ Water Resources Management in Afghanistan: The Issues and Options / Climate , accessed on May 22, 2009, based on: Water Resources Management in Afghanistan: The Issues and Options , by Asad Sarwar Qureshi, IWMI, Working Paper 49
  8. ↑ a b Afghanistan Information Management Service (AIMS): Afghanistan - Badakhshan province - Land cover map ( Memento of the original from June 29, 2006 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF; 1.3 MB), from website aims.org.af , April 2002, accessed on May 24, 2009. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.aims.org.af
  9. ↑ UNIDATA, a project of UNDP / OPS & UNOCA: Afghanistan - Badakhshan Province A - Socio Economic Profile  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF), from New Zealand Digital Library (The University of Walkato), February 15, 1992, p. 31, accessed May 23, 2009.@1@ 2Template: Toter Link / nzdl.sadl.uleth.ca  
  10. ↑ UNIDATA, a project of UNDP / OPS & UNOCA: Afghanistan - Badakhshan Province A - Socio Economic Profile  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF), from New Zealand Digital Library (The University of Walkato), February 15, 1992, pp. 19 + 32, accessed on May 23, 2009.@1@ 2Template: Toter Link / nzdl.sadl.uleth.ca  
  11. ↑ Regional Rural Economic Regeneration Strategies (RRERS), Provincial Profile - Badakhshan ( Memento of the original from July 3, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF), on the Afghanistan Investment Support Agency (AISA) website , pp. 2 + 3, last amended on April 24, 2007, accessed on May 24, 2009. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.aisa.org.af
  12. ↑ Tina van den Briel, Edith Cheung, Jamshid Zewari, Rose Khan ( World Food Program ): Occasional Papers No. 16 - Fortifying food in the field to boost nutrition: case studies from Afghanistan, Angola and Zambia (PDF), on the UNHCR website , 2006, p. 8, accessed on May 25, 2009.
  13. ↑ a b Oxfam GB: Food Security and Sustainable Livelihoods Badakshan Household Survey 2007.  ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Draft Report (PDF; 211 kB), on the website of the Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation SDC. November 10, 2007, p. ??, accessed May 24, 2009.@1@ 2Template: Dead Link / www.sdc.org.af  
  14. ↑ David Mansfield: Governance, Security and Economic Growth: The Determinants of Opium Poppy Cultivation in the Districts of Jurm and Baharak in Badakhshan (PDF), on the website of the German Society for Technical Cooperation , February 23, 2007, p. ?? on May 25, 2009.
  15. ↑ Press conference by Aleem Siddique, Acting Spokesman, UNAMA , on website reliefweb.int , source: UNAMA , April 28, 2008, accessed on May 25, 2009.
  16. ↑ unodc.org p. VII.
  17. ↑ TAN EE LYN, Reuters: Panacea for pain ( Memento of the original from January 18, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , on the online edition of The Star. (Daily newspaper in Malaysia), May 12, 2008, accessed May 25, 2009. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / thestar.com.my
  18. ↑ Regional Rural Economic Regeneration Strategies (RRERS), Provincial Profile - Badakhshan ( Memento of the original from July 3, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF), on the Afghanistan Investment Support Agency (AISA) website , p. 1, last amended on April 24, 2007, accessed on May 25, 2009. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.aisa.org.af
  19. ↑ Germany promotes vocational skills in Afghanistan , October 27, 2008, accessed on October 27, 2009.
  20. ↑ Islamic Republic of Afghanistan - Ministry of Education: National Education Strategic Plan for Afghanistan 1385-1389 (PDF file 1.23 MB), amended on April 25, 2007, p. 40, accessed on June 28, 2009.
  21. ↑ Badakshan AgFair expected to draw over 15,000 attendees ( Memento of the original from January 6, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , from United States Agency for International Development website , May 13, 2008, accessed May 25, 2009. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / afghanistan.usaid.gov
  22. ↑ Regional Rural Economic Regeneration Strategies (RRERS), Provincial Profile - Badakhshan ( Memento of the original from July 3, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF), on the Afghanistan Investment Support Agency (AISA) website , p. 5, last changed on April 24, 2007, accessed on May 25, 2009. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.aisa.org.af
  23. ^ Afghanistan - A Rapid Response to Small Scale Community Infrastructure , on the Afghan Energy Information Center (AEIC) website , accessed May 26, 2009.
  24. ↑ Afghanistan Energy Assistance Program (AEAP) / Advanced Engineering Associates, Inc. (AEAI): A Quantitative Assessment of the Implementation of Strategy in the Electric Power Sector in Afghanistan (PDF), on the Afghan Energy Information Center (AEIC) website , 7 March 2006, p. 31, accessed May 26, 2009.
  25. ↑ Renewable energies and energy efficiency in rural regions of Afghanistan , on the website of the German Society for Technical Cooperation (GTZ), accessed on October 27, 2009.
  26. ↑ Afghanistan: Energy , on the website of the German Society for Technical Cooperation (GTZ), accessed on October 27, 2009.
  27. ↑ GTZ ENERGY PROGRAM , on the Afghan Energy Information Center (AEIC) website , accessed on October 27, 2009.
  28. ↑ Oxfam GB: Food Security and Sustainable Livelihoods Badakshan Household Survey 2007.  ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Draft Report (PDF; 211 kB), on the website of the Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation SDC. November 10, 2007, p. 37, accessed May 24, 2009.@1@ 2Template: Dead Link / www.sdc.org.af  
  29. ↑ United States Government Accountability Office (GAO): GAO-08-689, Afghanistan Reconstruction: Progress Made in Constructing Roads, but Assessments for Determining Impact and a Sustainable Maintenance Program Are Needed , from website gao.gov , July 8, 2008 on May 23, 2009.
  30. ↑ USAID Afghanistan: Program highlights, May 1-May 15, 2009 ( Memento of the original from June 18, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , from website afghanistan.usaid.gov , p. 4, accessed May 23, 2009. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / afghanistan.usaid.gov
  31. ↑ Oxfam GB: Food Security and Sustainable Livelihoods Badakshan Household Survey 2007.  ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Draft Report (PDF; 211 kB), on the website of the Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation SDC. November 10, 2007, p. 36, accessed May 24, 2009.@1@ 2Template: Dead Link / www.sdc.org.af  
  32. ↑ Hundreds of people missing after landslide - number of victims completely unclear , ORF.at of May 2, 2014
  33. ↑ Afghanistan landslide 'kills at least 350' , BBC.com dated May 2, 2014, updated 20h47 GMT, accessed May 3, 2014 at 00h35 CET DST
  34. ↑ orf.at 100 instead of 2,000 dead in a mudslide in Afghanistan, ORF.at from November 19, 2014