Heinrich Börnstein

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Heinrich Börnstein around 1860. Steel engraving by Brown.

Heinrich Börnstein (born November 4, 1805 in Hamburg , † September 10, 1892 in Vienna ) was a German , American and Austrian theater director, translator and writer . He took an active part in the March Revolution in Germany and in the American Civil War . For many years he was the editor of the Western Gazette in St. Louis , Missouri .

Life

Europe

Heinrich Börnstein was the son of the Catholic Franz Sigmund Börnstein († September 5, 1829 in Ofen) and the Protestant Ilse Sophie Börnstein, nee. Hesse. He was baptized on December 3, 1805 in the Hamburg Michel . One of his siblings was his brother Arnold Bernhard Karl , with whom he is occasionally confused in literature. Heinrich Börnstein's family moved from Hamburg to Lemberg in 1813 , where the father came from. Heinrich attended the grammar school there from 1815 to 1820. Then he studied medicine . After leaving university, he became a member of the Austrian army for five years . After his release he moved to Vienna. There he initially worked as a journalist. His dramaturgical talent showed up very soon. He wrote plays that became popular in theaters. In 1826 he was appointed secretary of the two most important theaters in Vienna, the Theater an der Wien and the Theater in der Josefstadt . Under the direction of Carl Carl , he advanced to a celebrated stage manager in a three-year training course. Then Börnstein became artistic director at some of the leading theaters in Germany and Italy, in Linz , Zagreb , Trieste , Venice and other cities. He became a successful stage director and well-known writer.

On November 12, 1829 married Bornstein in the oven , like her sister Amalie worked the only 14 year old Hungarian Marie Steltzer in Lviv as an actress. With her he traveled to the leading German cities in 1841, where he also appeared as an actor in front of sold-out houses. His popularity in Germany made him go to Paris . In 1842 he was first director of the German opera there and then the Italian opera. At the same time he corresponded with the leading journalists of the time. He realized that he could not work as a writer and a stage director at the same time. Therefore he now concentrated on literature and wrote a number of plays that were successfully performed in several German theaters.

Börnstein was an advocate for freedom. His artistic ideals went hand in hand with the idea of ​​a perfect government under the sovereignty of the people. When Louis-Philippe I was dethroned, he consistently supported the idea of ​​the French Revolution. In 1844 he gave the Vorwärts! Together with Adelbert von Bornstedt . Parisian signals from art, science, theater, music and social life . The newspaper appeared twice a week. In addition to Börnstein and Bornstedt, Karl Ludwig Bernays was the editor of “Vorwärts”. Börnstein often uses initials for his articles in Vorwärts. In February 1844, together with Bornstedt and Baron von Köhler , he founded the "Help and support association for needy Germans in Paris". Karl Marx published only one article here, the critical marginal glosses on the article, The King of Prussia and Social Reform, directed against Arnold Ruge . From a Prussian '(' Forward! 'No. 60) ”. Rather, Marx's thoughts brought about the articles of the Kiel doctor Georg Weber , who published articles for Vorwärts directly from Marx's excerpts.

On December 21, 1844, the German ambassador in Paris, Count von Arnim , requested the French interior minister François Guizot to expel nine Germans, including Heinrich Börnstein, Karl Ludwig Bernays , Karl Marx and German Mäurer . In his report to Berlin, Arnim wrote: “When Mr. Guizot saw the list, he said that he had not believed that I would demand the expulsion of nine individuals, he had only expected three at most. It is not possible to expulsive all of them as this would make too much shouting ”.

After the February Revolution of 1848 Bornstedt and Georg Herwegh founded the German Democratic Legion , which Börnstein described in detail in his memoirs. He himself did not take part in the events in Germany in 1848, but his brother Karl, who fled to Switzerland with Bornstedt after the battle of Dossenbach .

After the revolution was put down, Börnstein felt compelled to leave Europe. He left Paris on February 1, 1849, with his wife and three sons. Three days later he entered the three- master Espindola in Le Havre, heading for North America . They set foot on American soil in New Orleans on April 8, 1849 .

United States of America

Upon arriving in New Orleans , Louisiana , Börnstein went to Highland Park, Illinois and stayed there for a year looking for a place to settle permanently. His literary skills were known through his correspondence. In March 1850 he took the position of editor of the German-language newspaper Anzeiger des Westens in St. Louis . Soon he became the editor and owner. In addition to his work at Anzeiger , he ran a hotel, a theater, a brewery and various saloons . Börnstein's new style and new methods at the Anzeiger often resulted in angry crowds storming his offices. The Anzeiger supported the new Republican Party early on .

In 1851 he published the anti-Catholic novella Secrets of St. Louis , a far-reaching imitation of the much-read French novella of the time by Eugène Sue Secrets of Paris . In secrets , Börnstein described decadent priests who taught at the Catholic Saint Louis University .

Börnstein represented the interests of secular and Protestant German immigrants through many difficult times. He was of the opinion that German interests should be taken into account in the legislature; however, they should not give up their distinct nationality in order not to submit to the peculiar and capricious upbringing of native-born American citizens. Of course, the German-born citizens would have to commit themselves loyally to the United States , like everyone else. This means that they should also be given equal consideration in the legislature.

By the time the American Civil War began, it had grown rich and recognized both politically and socially. In 1859 he rented the largest theater in St. Louis and converted it into an opera house. Here he presented classical performances to the citizens of St. Louis and was successful. However, in 1861 he closed the theater and went to war.

In the months leading up to President Abraham Lincoln's inauguration, a German vigilante group was formed in St. Louis. Börnstein was so committed to this project that he was elected Colonel of the 2nd Missouri . He marched with Nathaniel Lyon to conquer Camp Jackson . However, he soon got tired of the war and resigned from military service after three months.

Back in Europe

In 1862, Lincoln appointed Börnstein consul and his brother Karl vice consul in Bremen . In June 1866 he left Bremen.

In Vienna he was co-director at the Theater in der Josefstadt from 1868 to 1870 together with Carl von Bukovics . From 1875 to 1880 he wrote his “Memories Seventy-Five Years in the Old and New World. Memoirs of an Insignificant ”. He published parts of it in the Sunday paper “West” of the “Illinois State Newspaper” edited by Hermann Raster . After his publisher Wigang had asked him to do so, he wrote a new foreword for the second edition of the memoirs on November 4, 1883. In the last years of his life, Börnstein lived in Vienna as a dramaturge for the “Wiener Stadttheater” by Bukovics from 1883. Heinrich Börnstein, who - like his wife - was a citizen of the United States, died just six weeks after her in Vienna. Both were buried in the Protestant cemetery in Matzleinsdorf . Her grave was officially removed in 1941. A street was named in his honor in Vienna's Strebersdorf district (Heinrich-Börnstein-Straße).

Works

  • Beethoven's funeral . In: Ludwig van Beethoven , supplement to the Allgemeine Theaterzeitung 1827, reports and poems. Digitized
  • The bride of fire. Libretto for the opera in two acts with music by Wilhelm Reuling , first performed in Trieste in 1829 .
  • The Duke of Olonne. Comic opera in three acts. First performed in the Theater Royal de l'opéra comique on February 4, 1842. The music is by Auber. Based on the French by Messrs Scribe and Saintine by Heinrich Börnstein. Schott, Mainz 1842 MDZ reader (also Königsberg 1843)
  • Eugene Sue: The Secrets of Paris . 8 vol. And 4 supplement vol. With illustrations by Theodor Hosemann. German by A. Diezmann and Heinrich Börnstein. Meyer & Hofmann, Berlin 1843
  • Franciska or The Court Martial. Acting in 3 acts. Based on the French by Heinrich Börnstein . Bloch, Berlin 1843
  • Arias and chants from: Carlo Broschi. Comic opera in three acts. After the French “La part du diable” des Scribe. Music by Auber. Edited for the German stage by H. Börnstein and C. Gollmick. Berlin 1843
  • The devil's share. Comic opera in 3 acts. After the French des Scribe, by Heinrich Börnstein and Karl Gollmick. Music by Auber. Schott, Mainz 1843 MDZ- DFG
  • The Secrets of St. Louis . 2 vols. Hotop, Cassel 1851
  • House Library of the Scoreboard of the West, ed. by Heinrich Börnstein. Vol. 1-2, St. Louis, Mon. 1855 Google books
  • My husband is going out! Comedy in 2 acts freely based on Scribe . Verl.-Coniptoir (Niemeyer), Hamburg 1857 (In: The Theater d. Abroad in Ed. Vol. 6, Lf. 6)
  • Friedrich Schiller's life, the character of his writings and his endeavors. For the 100th Our poet's birthdays, Nov. 10, 1859; Presented by Heinrich Börnstein at the Schiller Celebration in Saint Louis, Missouri . Scharmann, St. Louis 1859
  • The Secrets of St. Louis . Vol. 1. Verlags-Bureau, Hamburg 1868 MDZ Reader
  • The Secrets of St. Louis . Vol. 2. Verlags-Bureau, Hamburg 1868 MDZ reader
  • The Secrets of St. Louis . Vol. 3. Verlags-Bureau, Hamburg 1868 MDZ reader
  • The Secrets of St. Louis . Vol. 4. Verlags-Bureau, Hamburg 1868 http://reader.digitale-sammlungen.de/de/fs1/object/display/bsb11159437_00007.html
  • Italy in the years 1868 and 1869 2 volumes in 1 volume Otto Jahnke, Berlin 1870 volume 1 Google books volume 2 MDZ reader
  • Seventy-five years in the Old and New World. Memoirs of an Insignificant . 2 vol. Otto Wigang, Leipzig 1881 (2nd edition 1884) volume 1 volume 2

literature

  • Börnstein, Heinrich : In: The large conversation lexicon for the educated stands . Edited by J. Meyer. Hildburghausen 1853, p. 328 Google books
  • Henry Boernstein. In: Edwards's great West and her commercial metropolis. Embracing a general view of the West and a complete history of St. Louis, from the landing of Ligueste, in 1764, to the present time; with portraits and biographies of some of the old settlers, and many of the most prominent business men . 1860 Google books
  • Constant von Wurzbach : Börnstein, Heinrich : In: Biographisches Lexikon des Kaiserthums Österreich . 22. Theil, Vienna 1870, p. 487 Google books
  • Walter B Stevens: Missouri the center state, 1821-1915 . Vol. 2. SJ Clarke Pub. Co., Chicago - St. Louis, 1915
  • Alfred Vagts: Heinrich Börnstein, ex- and repatriate . [St. Louis]; Missouri Historical Society (1956) pp. 106-127
  • Carl Wittke: Refugees of Revolution: The German Forty-Eighters in America . University of Pennsylvania Press, Philadelphia 1952.
  • Jacques Grandjonc: "Forward!" 1844. Marx and the German Communists in Paris. Contribution to the emergence of Marxism . 2nd ext. u. verb. Edition JHW Dietz Nachf., Berlin / Bonn-Bad Godesberg 1974 ISBN 3-8012-1071-5
  • Forward. Parisian signals from art, science, theater, music and social life. Paris 1844-1845. With an introduction by Walter Schmidt '. Central antiquariat of the GDR, Leipzig 1975
  • Henry Boernstein: Memoirs of a Nobody. The Missouri Years of an Austrian Radical, 1849-1866. Translated by Steven Rowan. Missouri Historical Society Press. St. Louis 1997. ISBN 1-883982-20-0
  • Norbert Bachleitner: Heinrich Börnstein as translator and mediator of French comedies . In: Translate in Vormärz . Edited by Bernd Kortländer and Hans T. Siepe. Aisthesis-Verlag, Bielefeld 2008 ISBN 978-3-89528-688-9 , pp. 27-45

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Arnold Bernhard Karl Börnstein * April 7, 1808 in Hamburg; † May 1849 in St. Louis. (Seventy-five years, p. 7)
  2. ↑ Seventy-five years, p. 66 ff.
  3. ↑ Seventy-five Years in the Old and New World. Memoirs of an Insignificant. 2 vols. Otto Wigang, Leipzig 1881 (2nd edition 1884). P. 187.
  4. ↑ Börnstein's own copy is in the Vienna City Library.
  5. ↑ The first no. Is dated “1. January 1844 ”(actually January 2, 1844). 1st year No. 1–104 and 2nd year No. 1. see also Jacques Grandjonc, p. 17 ff. And the reprint by Walter Schmidt.
  6. ^ "HB", "CH", "HCM" or "Mathias von Landsberg" or "Die Redaktion". (Jacques Grandjonc, p. 235)
  7. ↑ Forward! No. 11 of February 3, 1844.
  8. ^ Marx-Engels works . Vol. 1, pp. 392-409. Marx-Engels-Gesamtausgabe, Department I, Vol. 2, pp. 445–463.
  9. ↑ "Negro slaves and free slaves"; "Official Prussian Charity"; "The colony in Alsace"; and the money". (Jacques Grandjonc, pp. 179–197; Marx-Engels-Gesamtausgabe, Department I, Vol. 2, pp. 502–516 and 965–980).
  10. ↑ Foreign Office I Rep. 5. No. 528 Bl. 98 Secret State Archives Prussian Cultural Heritage . Quoted from Rudolf Herrnstadt : The discovery of classes . Deutscher Verlag der Wissenschaften, Berlin 1965, p. 363.
  11. ↑ Seventy-five Years in the Old and New World . Vol. 1, 1884, pp. 402-411.
  12. ↑ Eckhard Pilick (Ed.): 'My head is full of hatred and vengeance!' Unknown letters from 1848 from Adelbert von Bornstedt from Bruchsal prison . Peter Guhl, Rohrbach / Pfalz 2004 ISBN 3-930760-34-7 , p. 68.
  13. ↑ Seventy-five Years in the Old and New World . Vol. 1, 1884, p. 443.
  14. ↑ a b c Wittke (1952), p. 271
  15. ↑ https://familysearch.org/pal:/MM9.3.1/TH-266-11597-14429-85?cc=1401638 Excerpt from the census of 1850.
  16. ↑ a b Stevens (1915), p. 397.
  17. ^ John McGreevy Norton and Co., Catholicism and American Freedom, New York 2003, pp. 22-23.
  18. ^ Wittke (1952), p. 289.
  19. ↑ The Capture of Camp Jackson on usgennet.org ( Memento of the original from July 20, 2006 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.usgennet.org
  20. ^ Wittke (1952), p. 225.
  21. ^ State calendar of the Free Hanseatic City of Bremen for the year 1862 . Heinrich Strack, Bremen 1862, p. 48
  22. ^ Senator Heinrich Smidt to Börnstein June 16, 1866. (State and University Library, Bremen Signature: Autogr.XXV.18 ).
  23. ^ Constant von Wurzbach
  24. ↑ Austria Lexicon online
  25. ↑ “Memories Seventy-Five Years in the Old and New World. Memoirs of an Insignificant ”. 2nd edition 1884 (dedication to Carl von Bukovics, preface to the 2nd edition).
  26. ↑ Henry Bornstein: Memoirs of a Nobody. The Missouri Years of an Austrian Radical, 1849-1866. Translated by Steven Rowan. Missouri Historical Society Press. St. Louis 1997. ISBN 1-883982-20-0 . P. 6.

Web links

Wikisource: Heinrich Börnstein  - Sources and full texts
personal data
SURNAME Börnstein, Heinrich
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Boernstein, Henry
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Actor, translator, publicist and writer who worked in Germany, France, the USA and Austria
DATE OF BIRTH November 4, 1805
PLACE OF BIRTH Hamburg
DATE OF DEATH September 10, 1892
Place of death Vienna