German Mäurer

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Photograph by German Mäurer before 1863, by an unknown photographer

German Mäurer (born February 18, 1811 in Bensberg , † July 7, 1883 in Issy-les-Moulineaux near Paris ) was a German-speaking writer and teacher . He was one of the leading representatives of the early German labor movement and a member of the “Volkshalle” of the League of Justice in Paris. His pseudonyms were Horst von der Warte , Aidet , Michaels and Barkas von Bensberg .

Life

youth

German Mäurer 1837. Steel engraving from his book “Fr. W. German Mäurer's poetic apprenticeship "

Wilhelm Meurer was the son of the farmer Peter Meurer (* March 21, 1761, † 1833) and his wife Anna Margareta, born. Herkenrath (born September 12, 1773; † 1824) and was baptized Catholic in the St. Nicholas Church in Bensberg. He had eight older siblings and one younger sister and from April 1817 attended the Catholic school in Bensberg for six years. Two of his teachers were the school vicars Philipp Bolz and Franz Hooken. He probably attended a high school in Cologne because four teachers from Cologne were among the subscribers to his first printed book from 1833. Presumably he was a student at the high school in Cologne, where he could also receive lessons in foreign languages, as his writings show. So far there is no evidence of further training. In custody (1851) he testified: "I studied philosophy and philology in Berlin and then moved to Paris in 1833". According to Karl Gutzkow , who had met Mäurer in Paris in 1842, he was a "senior teacher" in Berlin. Presumably he was a tutor in Berlin, which would explain why there are no entries about him in the Berlin address books.

Mäurer probably came to Berlin in late December 1830 or early January 1831. and left Berlin again on June 4, 1833 to go to Paris, where he earned his living as a language teacher and writer.

family

In Paris he took the name German Mäurer , under which he became known. His first known address in Paris was Hotel de Cométe, 7 rue de la Cométe in Paris' 7th arrondissement , Quartier Gros Caillou - Grenelle . On December 14, 1839, “Guillaume” Mäurer married Josèphe Chrétienne Claire Caroline Betzy . Both had three Paris-born daughters, two of whom died early. He dedicated the poem On the Grave of a Girl to his daughter Jana Clara Diogénie, who died in 1842 . The daughter Cornelia (* 1840 or 1841) was still alive in 1883.

On February 4, 1842, Mäurer applied for naturalization to the French Minister of Justice, Nicolas Martin du Nord . At that time he was listed in French files as a "Doctor of Law and Science, acquired at German universities" . The district president of Cologne issued the emigration permit on April 8, 1843. On October 27, 1843, he was naturalized and received French citizenship .

In the summer of 1848 he moved to Frankfurt, where his wife's sister also lived. He also participated in the “Association for Pure German Language”, whose “661. He became a member in 1848. He was a member of the Frankfurt branch, whose chairman was Jakob Bachmann-Korbett and to which the Frankfurt dialect poet Friedrich Stoltze also belonged.

Mäurer stayed in contact with his siblings and their families, as a traditional letter and photographs show. In August 1872 Mäurer stayed temporarily in Frankfurt and in 1875 he sent his photograph by the Parisian photographer Jules Desrez with a dedication home to an acquaintance named Gramke or Gromke from the Kadettenhaus in Bensberg.

In the union of the outlaws

In Paris, in 1833, German Mäurer joined the German People's Association , which had been founded a year earlier and published two pamphlets in November 1833, The German People's Association, Brothers and Friends , which were hotly debated in the association. A year later he was involved in the outlawed union, founded by craftsmen , which included around 200 like-minded people who stood up for “freedom, equality and justice”. Mäurer published some poems in the magazines of the federal government Der Hülferuf der Deutschen Jugend and Die Junge Generation . Leading members were Jakob Venedey , Theodor Schuster and Mäurer. Even Ludwig Borne was close to the Bund. Some of the members, including Mäurer, split off and founded the League of Justice between 1836 and 1838 .

In the covenant of justice

In article three of the statues of the covenant of justice , the aim of the covenant was described: “Art. 3 The purpose of the federation is the liberation of Germany from the yoke of shameful oppression, participation in the de-slavery of humanity and the realization of the principles contained in human and civil rights ”. Mäurer, who was one of at least five members of the highest governing body of the “Volkshalle”, was entitled to accept new members.

“The language teacher Mäurer was, as far as I heard - from his mouth - one of the founders of the covenant of justice, after he had previously been a member of the covenant of outlaws. He parted [...] with the last covenant, because they did not want to agree to the duty of absolute obedience to the superiors. [...] He has also accepted members, namely into his community. Incidentally, I notice here that such recordings were not proceeded particularly strictly and that there was no special preparation for the recording. The candidate was told what communism is (...) so it happened without further ado, without an oath being demanded. This was abolished soon after Ewerbeck joined in the summer of 1841 […]. Mäurer has published several writings in the interests of the federal government, namely: The practical years of apprenticeship, [...] Disdained leaves and flowers, [...] poems and thoughts [...]. He was last head of the hall. "

- Statement by Christian Friedrich Mentel from February 17, 1847.

Mäurer worked in particular through the publication of periodical press organs for the federal government together with Hermann Ewerbeck and others. Karl Schapper was a member of the Paris community from 1836 to 1840. Mäurer even published a poem by Schappers. From 1839 to 1841 Wilhelm Weitling was a member of the Paris parish. Weitling writes “after this time in Paris among the well-known Germans Mäurer and especially Arndt worked for the spread of the communist principle”. Even Joachim Friedrich Martens was a member of the Paris Commune. He also had contact with Karl Heinzen .

On December 21, 1844, the German ambassador in Paris, Count von Arnim , demanded the French interior minister François Guizot to expel nine Germans. The first four were Heinrich Börnstein , Karl Ludwig Bernays , Karl Marx and German Mäurer. In his report to Berlin, Armin wrote: “When Mr. Guizot saw the list, he said that he did not believe that I would demand the expulsion of nine individuals, he had only expected three at most. It is not possible to expulsive all of them as this would make too much shouting ”.

On August 23, 1845, Mäurer had a passport issued to Geneva , presumably because he wanted to visit the Swiss Confederation.

In August 1846 Mäurer translated the anonymously published brochure by Karl Grün “Die Prussischen Landtag-Abschiede. One word at a time ”into French. Grün had attacked Étienne Cabet and Mäurer brought him his translation.

In the League of Communists

At the first congress of the Union of Justice in June 1847 it was decided to change the name of the federal government to the Union of Communists . Mäurer belonged to the Paris district authority with Hermann Ewerbeck and Andreas Scherzer. They had allowed Moses Hess on their behalf to "negotiate a document of 'true' socialism" from the first draft of the federal program. When the February Revolution broke out in Paris in 1848 , the central federal authority was transferred from Brussels to Paris. Mäurer did not belong to the central authority. Nothing is known about further activities of Mäurer in the federal government.

After the beginning of the March Revolution in Germany in 1848/49, he returned to Germany and lived in Frankfurt am Main at 'Bockenheimer Straße 29'. In a review of G. Fr. Daumer's book The Religion of the New World Age in the Neue Rheinische Zeitung. Marx and Engels wrote a political-economic review about Mäurer in an evaluation of the 1848 revolution: “Authorities from the force of a […] German Mäurer […] etc. are the pillars on which the temple of the new religion rests.” The royal Prussian police -Presidium in Berlin asked the Frankfurt police office on October 23, 1851 for administrative assistance because of Meurer, Dr. Wilhelm called German . Six days later, a house search was carried out at Mäurer and 146 documents were confiscated. On November 10, 1851, an arrest warrant was issued against him. He was detained for two months. The interrogations of the Embarrassing Interrogation Office of the Free City of Frankfurt were recorded daily . The aim was to involve him in the “Paris plot” by “Cherval”, which Wilhelm Stieber was preparing for the Cologne communist trial. On January 12, 1852, the “Criminal Court of the Free City of Frankfurt” ruled against Mäurer for “participating in the Communist League [...] in Paris as a participant in a state endangering association, and there is an accusation against him in correspondence to have stood with that league and its board. [...] with regard to the crime of participation in a state dangerous association, which he is accused of, has been resolved by the instance, but is to be expelled from the local city and its area under penalty of immediate re-arrest in the event of entry. "

Journalist and editor

His main activity in the 1830s and 1840s was the collaboration and publication of periodicals in France as well as the collaboration, mainly through poetry, in various progressive journals.

He wrote for the Pariser Zeitung (1838–1839) and edited Die Zeit. Deutsches Pariser Tageblatt (January – February 1839) and Forum for Art, Literature and History (1839). In the Paris newspaper Forward! Mäurer published twelve poems and small correspondences by Heinrich Börnstein between January 27 and September 28, 1844. He also wrote newspaper correspondence under the pseudonym "Aidet" for the Gazette de France (1845-1846) and under the pseudonym "Michaels" for the French newspaper National (1843-1848). Together with Hermann Ewerbeck and Karl Grün, he was editor of the Blätter der Zukunft from August 1845 to March / April 1846 . which was funded by the Paris section of the League of Justice . He published some small articles and poems here. In the magazine Blätter der Gegenwart for social life . In July 1845 he published two poems under the heading “The Pastor and the Unfortunate”. Bornstedt published two poems by him in the Deutsche-Brusseler-Zeitung in 1847. Together with Ferdinand Braun , he published Die Pariser Horen from January to June 1847 . In the first issue he published " The world drama in five acts ". According to a letter from Friedrich Engels to Marx, Mäurer's wife censored the Horen by not wanting to see a poem by Heinrich Heine published. The hearing found an intense echo in the Telegraph newspaper for Germany . Emil Weller emphasized in 1848: "In the later issues, the Horen gradually eliminated the musical and novelistic content, which was a bit prevalent, and made it an interesting, solid place."

In 1849 he was a journalist in Frankfurt a. a. for the Didaskalia . Sheets for Mind, Mind and Publicity Active, a supplement to the Frankfurter Journal . A two-part essay "About taxes and levies" has survived. The claim that Mäurer is also a correspondent for the Kölnische Zeitung is unproven. The editor of Deutsche Eiche writes about Mäurer: “[...] the witty and amiable authors (sic!) Of many articles in Deutsche Eiche; the poet Josephine Holzmärker-Gerbode from Worbis in Prussia; A. Ravenstein, gymnastics teacher in Frankfurt am Main; German Mäurer, writer there; […] Emilie Wüstenfeld Hamburg. “In the journal Die Eiche , which only appeared from 1850 to 1851, no contribution by Mäurer could be identified.

Mäurer appeared as a speaker at the third general peace congress in August 1850 in the Paulskirche in Frankfurt . “But behind every prince who needs an army to maintain his power, there is a people who keep these armies with their sweat and blood and pay for the war. All the more urgent is the warning: 'Create peace among the peoples!' "

From around 1873 he was the French correspondent for the Mühlheimer Zeitung .

Acquaintances in Paris

German Mäurer. Caricature by Friedrich Engels, September 16, 1846.

In Paris Mäurer also met Wilhelm Weitling. Friedrich Herman Semmig wrote about it: “Among these workers was Weitling from Magdeburg , whom Dr. German Mäurer first taught to speak and write German and who published his first work in Paris in 1839: 'Humanity as it is and how it should be' "." It is very likely that Mäurer, who has been republican since the mid-thirties, published democratic poems and songs [...], Wilhelm Weitling helped to write the first program of the German labor movement 'Humanity as it is and as it should be' (1839). "

Mäurer is associated with many democrats and emigrants . For example with Arnold Ruge , who wrote to his wife Agnes on August 17, 1843: “In contrast, I was at Rösing's yesterday evening the evening before yesterday. […] Yesterday morning I visited our legation secretary, who is now serving here, with the poet Mäurer. [...] The poet Mäurer is an interesting person who, like all poets, entertains you with his poetry at the wrong time; so Briickmann had to listen to a scene from a drama yesterday, and in the midst of the bustle of the Palais royal he declaimed his rhymes. I always feared he would never end, but you can see he found it. Mäurer is a political poet and even more extreme than Herwegh [...]. His things are not very well known. Like Herwegh, he does not tie in with German sympathies ”. And on December 1, 1843, Ruge remarked to Marx: I know your current situation and therefore had to count on you and Maeurers as active and mobile friends. Even in Paris I suspected that the German liberals would leave us completely in the lurch . And less than five years later Ruge wrote to Herwegh and Mäurer: “The brother's hand over the ruins of European tyranny. [...] Send Mäurer the 2nd copy of this letter "

He was also in contact with Karl Marx . Arnold Ruge and Julius Fröbel decided in mid-September 1843 not to found the “Franco-German bookstore” in Strasbourg , but in Paris. In a letter from Ruge to Froebel (October 6th and 7th), Ruge wrote a text on the message in which it said: “Dr. Arnold Ruge rue Vanneau Dr. Karl Marx rue Vanneau No. 23. “House number '23' was Mäurer's apartment, which Ruge and Froebel were already familiar with. However, as his wife Jenny Marx writes, Marx first went to the Herwegh couple - Marx had already met Herwegh in Cologne. The Marx family's first apartment in Paris was “31, Rue Vanneau”. Herwegh reported the birth of his son to the Ruge, Marx and “especially Mr. Mäurer” families. In September 1846, when Marx had been living in Brussels for a long time, Friedrich Engels wrote about Mäurer: “I also saw the great Mäurer. 'Little men, little men, what do you weigh so lightly!' The man is really worth seeing, I've done him the greatest rudeness, in thanks the donkey takes me into his special affection and tells me that I have a gentle face. Of course, he looks like Karl Moor six weeks after his death. "

Victims of the Austrian and French police

Mäurer, who was one of the leading personalities of the Volkshalle , the League of Outlaws and the League of Justice and who was well acquainted with Wilhelm Weitling , became a victim of Metternich's surveillance system. Bernhard Lizius was the well-known secret agent of Prince Metternich's Central Investigation Commission in Mainz . Lizius worked mainly in Paris, from 1836 to 1848 he delivered reports to the Mainz office. The code name of Lizius was Dr. Shepherd'. So it is called z. B. on October 20, 1844 in a report written by Schaefer alias Lizius: “The second faction deserves very serious treatment and has much more deserves very serious treatment and has much more than ' Junge Deutschland ' and other similar theatrical-political Objects. It consists of core and spring-proof people, such as Georg Weber, Heinrich Börnstein , Auerbach , German Mäurer (who was at odds with the guarantor), Bernays , Wilhelm Marr , all names that have never been mentioned in the political world, which does not prevent them from spreading, albeit immoral, highly practical and decidedly revolutionary-communist teachings. Working out the working masses, revolt against the status quo in everything and everyone, against prince, church, God, property and morality. 'Head off' and 'bag out' is the quintessence of their new gospel ”. Lizius must also have earned Mäurer's special trust, because as a publisher he was still close to him in 1851 when he wrote his book “ A book for fools. Anthroposophy or Human Wisdom ”published in 1856 in the second edition. Mäurer probably had no idea that he had been spied on for years.

The Paris police prefect Gabriel Delessert monitored the activities of the labor movement, including those of Engels and Mäurer. In a report dated May 21, 1847, he wrote to the French Minister of the Interior François Guizot on the subject of the “Pariser Horen magazine”, which had appeared since January 7, 1847 and, as he assumed, “Germain Mauer and Ferdinand Braun with the help of the gentlemen Engels and Ewerbeck ”was published. “This collection, which has succeeded in overcoming financial problems that initially hindered publication, has been published under the title: d (i) e Pariser Horen (les heures Parisiennes); meanwhile it has reached its fifth number and the German and French press are assuredly beginning to concern themselves with it. This magazine is now taking on a radical and very sharp socialist tinge, and its last issue contains articles with extremely violent attacks on the kings of Prussia and Bavaria . ”The June issue could no longer appear. Engels had not participated in the hearing, while Ewerbeck had contributed.

Poet and writer

In early January 1831 he began a fictitious correspondence with a friend, which was published in 1840 as Politische Liefe aus Berlin . His first known publication was his epic poem Gustav Adolf or the Liberated Meva. It was about the victory of the Swedes at Mewe in 1626 against the Prussians and Poland. "Sweden's king, arriving at Pillau's bank with ships, / Took the land from the Prussians". In 1833 Mäurer was not yet an opponent of the Prussian monarchy, as the text of this work and the list of subscribers, which was published by his “Königl. Highness Prince Wilhelm of Prussia , brother of his majesty ”.

In his poem about Hegel , Mäurer remembers his time in Berlin. “To Hegel. In the year 1830. ”“ Not in a veiled garment, no in infinite clarity / Speak apostles of the time, your oracles! / See the stars of the day liberating, it illuminates the earth - / But the stars of the night leave the world in the dark ”.

In his poem “Zuruf” he changed the motto “Freedom, Equality, Fraternity” into “The motto is: 'Freedom, Equality, Law'! / And that's why it's still bad nowadays; / So we keep strictly to our duties, no matter how daring we are accused of doing! ”.

It is not known whether the Hambach Festival was attended, the ideas inspired him and inspired him to write the poem "To Doctor Wirth ".

Many of his poems have appeared in various publications and in some cases under other titles such as B. his poem to “To Germany's Men”, which had previously been published under the title “Greetings from a newly accepted patriot”.

During the interrogation by the Frankfurt police in Frankfurt, Mäurer recorded: “I wrote 'Anthroposophy' in the course of 1846 [...] I offered it to the publisher and he agreed, and submitted my manuscript to the censorship, which made the changes mentioned in this letter and allowed them to pass with this book. - Weller writes me this letter about it. After the outbreak of the February and March revolution, this publishing business got lost. I asked for and got my manuscript back [...] even if passages from anthroposophy were deleted or modified by the censorship in 1847. changed, and have now been published by me unchanged by CB Lizius, one should bear in mind that the censorship was lifted in March 1848 [...] ”. His book “A Book for Fools. Anthroposophy or human wisdom. A contribution to the solution of the political, social, religious and educational questions of all time ”is a collection of almost a thousand aphorisms that document his republican-democratic worldview.

The second edition is in the magazine “ Das Deutsche Museum ” published by Robert Prutz . his "Flowers from the West" discussed. The reviewer explains: “We have already discussed this poet on an earlier occasion of the first edition and recognized that, even if his form is sometimes something angular and awkward, he is distinguished by the depth of his thoughts and the moral efficiency of his endeavors as well as in general by the dignified, masculine spirit which fills him, which distinguishes him advantageously from the majority of the daily poets ”.

Another reviewer , the “Frankfurter Nachrichten”, writes about the “Blüthen aus dem Abendland”: “The author […] known to other circles, offers here a collection of all of his, some of which have already appeared in many journals, some of which have not yet been printed Poems. The author's decidedly predominant direction is lyrical and didactic. He is a sensible observer of people and life, and what he looks at, he reproduces just as sensibly, clearly and unaffected. [...] In addition to its general poetic value, the present collection also has the fact that many of the poems it contains are particularly suitable to be used for writing on albums or for musical composition ”.

Last years

After his imprisonment, Mäurer went to Zurich in Switzerland in 1852 . After almost six years there, he took a position as a high school teacher in France in Napoléon-Vendée (1858), in Châteauroux (1858 to 1859), in Évreux (1859 to 1870) and Vanves near Paris (1870 to 1879).

During the Schleswig-Holstein war in 1864 , Mäurer spoke out in favor of the Greater German solution and not, like the German Progressive Party , which he dubbed the “Fool's Party ”, for the small German solution : “The war in Schleswig-Holstein will end in the glory of the German nation ! At this moment it is more necessary than ever that the Germans be united. If this time Prussia's and Austria's united arms save the honor and the rights of the German fatherland, I don't understand how one can quarrel about it and claim that they must be saved by Bavaria and the other small German states! - If the Germans quarrel about such misery at this moment, they will soon be devoured by other states. […] I think that a certain party spirit blinds people to such an extent that they can more distinguish a dog from a cat and mistake the donkey for the lion. - I also belong to a party, but I can never get that far […]. In war, I think, you don't have to send the weakest, but the strongest. At least join a party, but for God's sake not the fool's party that is big enough! "

On the basis of an oral examination in 1867 he acquired the title of "Professeur agrégé". In 1873 he was transferred to the Lyceum of the Imperial Prince in Vanves with a higher salary. He was the godfather of Jakob Meurer (born October 6, 1881 in Straßen ). Most recently he lived in Issy-les-Moulineaux on 'Boulevard du Lycée 2', right on the border with Vanves, where he died on July 7, 1883.

After "eleven months in sick bed, provided with the holy sacraments of the Catholic Church", German Mäurer died on July 7, 1883 in Paris, as stated in the obituary notice published on July 11, 1883 in the " Bensberg-Gladbacher Anzeiger ". The complaint was initiated by his daughter Cornelia Mäurer. Two days later he was buried in the Catholic cemetery in Bensberg. On his tombstone it read: “Do good work / since you still have time. / It will be night soon. / And you no longer / can work. / Here rests / Professor Mäurer / JJ University of Paris. / Mäurer, Guillaume / German. / 7th July 1883 ". The tombstone is no longer there.

Works (chronological)

  • Gustav Adolf or the Liberated Meva. An epic poem in two songs . Two ribbons. In commission at Carl Klage Charlottenstr. No. 36, Berlin 1833 Berlin State Library online
  • Lyrical and Dramatic Poetry ed. and with a preface accompanied by AN Gummen. Amyot, Paris 1836.
  • Fr. W. German Mäurer's years of poetic apprenticeship. With the portrait of the author . Aymot, Paris 1837 Google books online
  • Jamben, by Friedrich Leopold Graf zu Stolberg , with a preface by Ms. W. German Mäurer, Paris 1838
  • Letters from the country ed. by Dr. Rudolf Steigentesch. Amyot, Paris 1839.
  • Political letters from Berlin . Girard Fréres, Paris 1840 Google books online
  • ananoymer Hrsg .: Volks-Klänge. A collection of patriotic songs. Wittershein, Paris 1841.
  • Scorned leaves and flowers . Girard fréres, Paris 1842 (2nd, verb. Paris edition Amyot, Paris 1843)
  • Horst von der Warte: Letters from loneliness. Amyot, Paris / Dulau, Londres / Jugel, Francfort s. M. 1843
  • Poems and thoughts of a German in Paris. 3. Edition. the spurned leaves and flowers. 2 volumes in 1 volume Verlag des Literarisches Comptoirs, Zurich and Winterthur 1844 Google books online
  • The world drama of Dr. Ms. W. German Mäurer . Verlag des Literarisches Comptoirs, Zurich and Winterthur 1844 Google books
  • A book for people who think . Orell, Füßli, Zurich 1845 (2nd edition Zurich 1848; 3rd edition Zurich 1856, with a portrait of Mäurer)
  • Infusions of the heart . EO Weller, Leipzig 1847 MDZ online
  • The Paris Horen. Journal for literature, art, science, politics and social life . Editing by Ferdinand Braun and German Mäurer Bautruche, Paris 1847 (six issues) Advertisement in the first issue of Google books
  • German Mäurer, Ferdinand Braun (Hrsg.): Critical sheets. EO Weller, Leipzig 1848
  • Frankfurt Muses Almanac. First vintage. Edited by J. Bachmann-Korbett, H. Kothe and G. Mäurer. Carl Bernhard Lizius, Frankfurt am Main 1851 Duchess Anna Amalia Library online
  • Republican songs and poems . 3rd year published by JCJ Raabé. Raabé, Kassel 1851
  • A book for fools. Anthroposophy or human wisdom. A contribution to solving the political, social, religious and educational questions of all time by Dr. German Mäurer . C. Bernhard Lizius, Frankfurt am Main 1851 MDZ online (also Frankfurt am Main 1855)
  • Flowers from the Occident . 2nd probably edition C. Kiesling, Zurich 1856 MDZ online
  • For life. A festive present for educated readers . Brodtmann in commission, Schaffhausen 1860
  • Sursum corda - lift the heart . Reinwald, Paris 1868
  • The new Eulenspiegel, as it is appropriate for our time, written in German rhymes . Wilhelm Mauritzius, Paris 1882.

Articles and poems

  • To the princes of the 19th century [poem]. In: 'Forward!'. No. 8 of January 27, 1844
  • Frederick the Great (January 24th) . In: 'Forward!'. No. 9 of January 31, 1844.
  • The riding horse and the donkey . In: 'Forward!'. No. 10 of February 3, 1844.
  • Emperor Joseph II on February 20th. In: 'Forward!'. No. 18 of March 2, 1844.
  • New proverbs . In: 'Forward!'. No. 39 of May 15, 1844.
  • Fragments from Friedrich II's testament . In: 'Forward!'. No. 47 of June 12, 1844
  • Theological contradictions. Marginal notes on Schleiermacher's theological writings . In: 'Forward!'. No. 48 of June 15, 1844.
  • To - [poem]. In: 'Forward!'. No. 51 of June 26, 1844.
  • It's cowards [poem]. In: 'Forward!'. No. 64 of 10 August June 1844.
  • Correction [letter to the editor]. In: 'Forward!'. No. 66 of August 17, 1844.
  • A letter. In: 'Forward!' No. 68 of August 24, 1844.
  • Correspondence. In: 'Forward!'. No. 70 of August 31, 1844.
  • Continuation of the correspondence. In: 'Forward!'. No. 71 of September 4, 1844.
  • Friedrich II. Resignation from the Freemasons' union. In: 'Forward!'. No. 78 of September 28, 1844.
  • Day and night; Motto; To a reveler [poems]. In: August Stöber , Friedrich Otte (Hrsg.): "Elsäßische Neujahrsblätter for 1847". Schweighauser'sche Buchhandlung, Basel 1847, pp. 258-259 MDZ Reader
  • French conditions before the February Revolution . In: Didaskalia . Leaves for mind, spirit and publicity . Frankfurt am Main No. 242 of October 10, 1849; No. 243 of October 11, 1849 and No. 244 of October 12, 1849

Letters

  • Edmund Silberner : La Correspondance Moses Hess -Louis Krolikowski 1850-1853. Avec 4 lettres de German Mäurer à Etienne Cabet . Feltrinelli, Milano 1960, pp. 582-620.
  • German Mäurer to Wilhelm Weitling December 11, 1842
  • Georg Herwergh to Arnold Ruge, Karl Marx and Friedrich Wilhelm German Mäurer, December 28, 1843 (location currently unknown).
  • Georg Herwegh to Mäurer o. D. 1844 ( German Literature Archive . Manuscript Department. Signature: A: Herwegh )
  • Mäurer to Arnold Ruge 1848 (letter and envelope) ( IISG Amsterdam, Arnold Ruge estate signature: 88 )
  • Emil Ottocar Weller to Mäurer February 5, 1848 ( Institute for City History Frankfurt am Main. Signature: Acta criminalia 1851. No. 164, Convolut II Annex 26 sub 35 )
  • Emil Ottocar Weller to Mäurer February 18, 1848 (Institute for City History, Frankfurt am Main. Signature: Acta criminalia 1851. No. 164, Convolut II Annex 26 sub 35 )
  • 3 letters
Mäurer to Friedrich Fröbel (1851–1852) (Library for Research on the History of Education, Berlin. Call number: Fröbel 554 )
  • Mäurer to Karl Gutzkow undated (1854) ( University Library Johann Christian Senckenberg , Frankfurt, Main. Signature: Nachlass Gutzkow A 2 II )
  • Mäurer to René Gaspard Ernest Saint-René Taillandier July 20, 1861 (German Literature Archive. Manuscript Department. Signature A: Taillandier )
  • Mäurer to Gertrud Metten and Christian Lichtenberg March 1, 1864 (Bergisch Gladbach City Archives. Signature S1 / 217)
  • Mäurer to Lorenz Diefenbach May 7, 1864 (University Library Gießen. Signature: Nachl. Die. )
  • Mäurer to Lorenz Diefenbach August 28, 1872 (University Library Gießen. Signature: Nachl. Die. )
  • Mäurer to JGCotta'sche Buchhandlung July 6, 1877 (German Literature Archive . Manuscript Department . Signature: Cotta $ Br. )
  • Mäurer to JG Cotta'sche Buchhandlung January 24, 1878 (German Literature Archive. Manuscript Department. Signature: Cotta $ Br. )

literature

  • Frankfurter Nachrichten of August 25, 1871, No. 99, p. 393.
  • The League of Communists. Documents and materials. 1836-1849 . Volume 1. Dietz Verlag, Berlin 1970, pp. 13, 84, 86-88, 90, 119, 121, 140-141, 151-152, 156, 238, 267, 270-271, 394-395, 397, 843 , 1005, 1032.
  • Jacques Grandjonc: La Presse de l'Emigration Allemande de en France (1795–1848) et en Europe (1830–1848). In: Archives for Social History. Verlag Neue Gesellschaft, Bonn 1970, Volume X. ISSN  0066-6505 , pp. 96-152.
  • Jacques Grandjonc: 'Forward!' 1844. Marx and the German Communists in Paris. Contribution to the emergence of Marxism . 2nd ext. u. verb. Edition JHW Dietz Nachf., Berlin / Bonn-Bad Godesberg 1974, ISBN 3-8012-1071-5 (International Library 71)
  • Hans Adler (ed.): Literary secret reports. Metternich agents' logs. Volume 1, 1840-1843. With a foreword by Walter Jens . Information press CW Leske, Cologne 1977, ISBN 3-434-00297-9 .
  • Hans Adler (ed.): Literary secret reports. Metternich agents' logs. Volume 2, 1844-1848. With a contribution by Dieter Langewiesche . Information press CW Leske, Cologne 1981, ISBN 3-434-00354-1 .
  • August Haasbach: A philosopher and revolutionary from Bensberg, German Mäurer (1811–1883), professor in Paris, died 100 years ago. In: Rheinisch-Bergischer Calendar. Volume 53. Heider-Verlag, Bergisch Gladbach , 1983, pp. 159-161.
  • Berthold Schubert, Inge Kießhauer: Two copies of the 'Pariser Horen' found. In: Contributions to Marx-Engels research. Issue 19, Berlin 1985, pp. 108-110.
  • Winfried Schwarz, Inge Kießhauer: Once again about the 'Pariser Horen', German Mäurer and Emil Weller . In: Contributions to Marx-Engels research. Issue 20, Berlin 1986, pp. 53-66.
  • Wolfgang Strähl: Letters from a Swiss from Paris 1835–1836. New documents on the history of early proletarian culture and movement ed. Jacques Grandjonc, Waltraud Seidel-Höppner and Michael Werner . Akademie Verlag, Berlin 1988
  • Ingo Fellrath: Friedrich Wilhelm Mäurer's relations to Georg Herwegh and Heinrich Heine . In: Heine yearbook. Hamburg 1989, pp. 198-210.
  • Jacques Grandjonc: On Marx's stay in Paris. October 12, 1843 to February 1, 1845. In: Studies on Marx's first stay in Paris and the emergence of the German ideology. Trier 1990 ( writings from the Karl-Marx-Haus Trier volume 43), pp. 163–212, here especially pp. 173–174.
  • Martin Hundt : History of the League of Communists 1836-1852. Peter Lang, Frankfurt am Main 1993, ISBN 3-631-45669-7 (Philosophy and History of Science 3), pp. 29, 30, 35, 64, 68, 78, 98, 99, 106-108, 131, 139 , 140, 143, 150, 158, 167, 178-181, 192-193, 216, 235, 260, 290, 422.
  • Max Morsches , Helmut Höhner: A letter from Mäurer from 1864 arouses curiosity. In: Home between Sülz and Dhünn. History and folklore in Bergisch Gladbach and the surrounding area. Ed. Bergischer Geschichtsverein, Dept. Rhein-Berg e. V. issue 18, Bergisch Gladbach 2012, pp. 2–3.
  • Max Morsches, Eric Ludemann: Dream career - Bensberger farmer's son becomes professor in France. In: Home between Sülz and Dhünn. History and folklore in Bergisch Gladbach and the surrounding area. Ed. Bergischer Geschichtsverein, Dept. Rhein-Berg e. V. Issue 18, Bergisch Gladbach 2012, pp. 4–8.
  • Max Morsches, Peter Lückerath: On titles and studies of German Mäurer. In: Home between Sülz and Dhünn. History and folklore in Bergisch Gladbach and the surrounding area. Ed. Bergischer Geschichtsverein, Dept. Rhein-Berg e. V. issue 18, Bergisch Gladbach 2012, p. 9.
  • Max Morsches, Peter Lückerath: German Mäurer as a democrat and socialist. In: Home between Sülz and Dhünn. History and folklore in Bergisch Gladbach and the surrounding area. Ed. Bergischer Geschichtsverein, Dept. Rhein-Berg e. V. Issue 18, Bergisch Gladbach 2012, pp. 10–15.

Short biographies

  • Karl Schütze: Germany's poet and writer from the oldest times to the present. Albert Bach, Berlin 1862, p. 222 Google books
  • Leopold Schmidt: Calendar for the history of German literature. AD Geisler's Verlagsbuchhandlung, Bremen 1863, p. 15 Goole books
  • Eduard Maria Oettinger, Karl August Kesselmeyer: Moniteur des dates, un million de renseignements biographiques, généalogiques et historiques. 40. Livraison. Juin, Paris 1873, p. 5 Goole books
  • Otto Schnell: a forgotten Bergisch poet. In: Monthly publication of the Bergisches Geschichtsverein. Elberfeld 1904, Volume 11, pp. 13-15.
  • Franz Brümmer : Lexicon of German poets and prose writers from the beginning of the 19th century to the present . 4. Vol. Leipzig 1913, pp. 395-396.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ In the birth certificate and in the church book “only Wilhelm”. (Max Morsches, Helmut Höher, p. 2.)
  2. ↑ Occasionally Mäurer's year of birth was accidentally given as 1813 during his lifetime. See the Brief Biographies section. The reason for this was the caption: “Fr. WG Maeurer born zu Bensberg on Feb. 18, 1813 ”in his book Fr. W. German Mäurer's Poetic Apprenticeship Years. With the portrait of the author . Aymot, Paris 1837.
  3. ^ Jacques Grandjonc (1990), p. 173.
  4. ↑ In the death certificate 185/1883 it says: "Meurer Guillaume (dit Maürer)". (Max Morsches, Eric Ludemann, p. 8.)
  5. ↑ Waltraud Seidel-Höppner: Under a false name. The covenant of justice and its name change . In: Yearbook for Research on the History of the Labor Movement , Issue I / 2013, NDZ Verlag, Berlin 2013, pp. 47–57.
  6. ↑ Emil Weller: The masked literature of the older and newer languages. Gustav Oehme, Leipzig 1862.
  7. ↑ Max Morsches, Eric Ludemann, p. 4.
  8. ^ "Heinrich Hasberg, teacher in Cologne [...] Brendel, teacher [...] Benedikt Heinen, teacher in Deutz [...] Wilh. Siepen, teacher in Cologne ”. "Directory of Subscribers" in: Gustav Adolf or the liberated Meva , pp. II and IV.
  9. ↑ In his letter of March 1, 1864, he sends his regards to "his teacher Hasberg" (Max Morsches, Helmut Höher, p. 3. Hasberg was an assistant teacher at his Bensberg school.)
  10. ↑ Home between Sülz and Dhünn. History and folklore in Bergisch Gladbach and the surrounding area . Ed. Bergischer Geschichtsverein, Dept. Rhein-Berg e. V. issue 18, Bergisch Gladbach 2012, pp. 2 and 4.
  11. ^ Institute for Urban History, Frankfurt / M. Acta Criminalia 12,733. Sheet 3V (Max Morsches and Peter Lückerath, p. 9.)
  12. ↑ In the lists of the staff and students of the Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität zu Berlin it is not to be found between 1829 and 1833, Jacques Grandjonc (1990) also comes to the same conclusion! There is also no entry in the Berlin address books between 1829 and 1833.
  13. ↑ Karl Schütze: Germany's poets and writers from the oldest times to the present. Albert Bach, Berlin 1862, p. 222.
  14. ^ Karl Gutzkow: Letters from Paris . Second part. FA Brockhaus, Leipzig 1842, p. 127.
  15. ↑ Only owners and tenants, but not servants, etc. were recorded.
  16. ↑ "Berlin, January 8th , 1831". In: Political letters from Berlin. P. 1.
  17. ↑ To my friends. On leaving Berlin on June 4, 1833. Sonnet . In: Fr. W. German Mäurer's years of poetic apprenticeship. P. 248.
  18. ^ Statement by Christian Friedrich Mentel from February 17, 1847 see below.
  19. ↑ The different spelling German Mäurer due to lack of printing type of printing.
  20. ↑ In French, 'Guillaume' means 'Wilhelm'.
  21. ↑ * December 14, 1807 in Frankfurt am Main ; † October 4, 1874 in Bockenheim .
  22. ↑ Jana Clara Diogénie Mäurer (born January 10, 1842 in Paris; † March 5, 1850 in Frankfurt am Main) and Camilla Helena Aurelia Mäurer (born February 19, 1848; † April 4, 1850 in Frankfurt am Main).
  23. ↑ Flowers from the West. P. 98.
  24. ^ Max Morsches and Eric Ludemann, pp. 6 and 8.
  25. ^ Archives Nationales Paris. Naturalization file "German Mäurer 5494 X3" (Max Morsches, Peter Lückerath: on title and studies of German Mäurer ).
  26. ↑ Cologne was responsible, because Mäurer had never officially moved his residence to Berlin. This is also proven by the missing entries in the Berlin address books from 1830 to 1833.
  27. ↑ Lettres de naturalization accodés. (Max Morsches, Eric Ludemann, p. 8.)
  28. ↑ Max Morsches, Eric Ludemann, p. 8.
  29. ↑ Max Morsches, Eric Ludemann, p. 7.
  30. ^ Author of the book: Tailor's songs from the mouths of the people and German poets. C. Bernhard Lizius, Frankfurt am Main 1852.
  31. ↑ The German oak. First magazine to promote the German sense and morals and German pure language , edited by JDC Brugger. Heidelberg 2 Jg. 1851, p. 90 and 112 Google books
  32. ^ Letter to his niece Gertrud Metten and his (by marriage) nephew Christian Lichtenberg dated March 1, 1864. Excerpts published in: Max Morsches, Helmut Höher, pp. 2–3. Mail recipient corrected by Max Morsches in the meantime!
  33. ^ City Institute Frankfurt am Main.
  34. ^ "As a kind reminder to Mr. Gramke of his sincerely devoted German Mäurer Paris, July 11th, 1875". City Archives Bergisch Gladbach, signature D-38/2. Information from Max Morsches May 11, 2012.
  35. ↑ Hans-Joachim Ruckhäberle (Ed.): Early Proletarian Literature. The pamphlets of the German journeymen in Paris 1832–1839. scriptor, Kronberg Ts. 1977, pp. 100-101 and 107-107.
  36. ^ Wilhelm Weitling: Foreword to the 3rd edition. In: Wilhelm Weitling: guarantees of harmony and freedom. Newly edited with an introduction and notes . by Bernhard Kaufhold. Akademie Verlag, Berlin 1955, p. 290.
  37. ↑ Winfried Schwarz, Inge Kießhauer, p. 53.
  38. ↑ The cry for help of the German youth . Ed. U. red. by some German workers (Wilhelm Weitling September 1841–1841). Reprint Zentralantiquariat der DDR, Leipzig 1972.
  39. ↑ The young generation. Monthly . Bern January 1842 to May 1843. Reprint Zentralantiquariat der DDR, Leipzig 1972.
  40. ↑ Börne translated Lamenai's Words of a Believer in 1834 ( Words of a Believer. In the translation by Ludwig Börne . Ed. And incorporated by Hubert Schiel. Verlag dieordnung, Freiburg im Breisgau 1948) into German and showed it in the first issue of “Der Outlaws ”.
  41. ↑ History of the German labor movement. Chronicle . Part 1. Berlin 1965, p. 11 and Martin Hundt, pp. 34–46.
  42. ↑ The League of Communists. P. 93.
  43. ↑ Wermuth, Stieber asserted, however, that the purpose of the federation is the "liberation of Germany and the achievement of a complete communism, and overturning of the constitution of all states" or "the gradual non-violent transformation of social relations through the achievement of freedom of the press and the right of association". (Wermuth, Stieber: The Communist Conspiracies of the Nineteenth Century. Part 1. AW Hayn, Berlin 1853, p. 41.)
  44. ↑ Section V. From the People's Hall. In: The League of Communists. P. 96.
  45. ↑ The League of Communists , p. 117.
  46. ^ Armin M. Kuhnigk: Karl Schapper. A father of the European labor movement. Camberger Verlag, Limburg 1980, p. 80.
  47. ^ Wilhelm Weitling: Foreword to the 3rd edition. P. 293.
  48. ↑ John Breuilly, Wieland axis: Joachim Friedrich Martens (1806-1877) and the German labor movement. Otto Schwartz & Co, Göttingen 1984 (Göttingen Contributions to Economic and Social History, Volume 8.)
  49. ↑ Foreign Office I Rep. 5. No. 528 Bl. 98 Secret State Archives Prussian Cultural Heritage . Quoted from Rudolf Herrnstadt : The discovery of classes . Deutscher Verlag der Wissenschaften, Berlin 1965, p. 363.
  50. ↑ Printed as a facsimile . (Max Morsches, Eric Ludemann, p. 5.)
  51. ↑ Mäurer translated the relevant passages from Grün's book for Cabet, you can imagine Cabet's anger. (Friedrich Engels to Karl Marx August 19, 1846. In: Marx-Engels-Werke Volume 27, p. 33; Marx-Engels Complete Edition. Section III. Volume 2, p. 27.)
  52. ↑ Mäurer also corresponded with Cabet. (Edmund Silberner: La Correspondance Moses Hess-Louis Krolikowski 1850-1853. Avec 4 lettres de German Mäurer à Etienne Cabet ).
  53. ^ Circular of the first congress to the federal government. June 9, 1847. In: Der Bund der Kommunisten, p. 481.
  54. ↑ Martin Hundt, p. 422.
  55. ↑ G. Fr. Daumer: The religion of the new world age. Attempt of a combinatorial-aphoristic foundation. 2 volumes Hamburg 1859.
  56. ↑ Marx-Engels-Werke Volume 7, p. 199; Marx-Engels Complete Edition, Section I. Volume 10, p. 198.
  57. ↑ Where and when Mäurer did his doctorate is not yet known. His' Dr. Title 'can be found for the first time on the title page of the book Das Weltdrama (1844).
  58. ↑ Actually Joseph Krämer (* 1821), police spy and also known as a counterfeiter under the name "Nugent".
  59. ↑ What is meant is the Paris community of the Sonderbund of the League of Communists by Karl Schapper and August Willich .
  60. ^ Institute for Urban History, Frankfurt am Main Acta Criminalia 12736. Sheet 13R. (Max Morsches, Peter Lückerath, pp. 12–13.)
  61. ↑ In it the article by Mäurer: Paris. Political and Social Conditions (No. 72); German Unity (No. 77); The original restriction of freedom (nos. 76 and 78); Our Hope for the Future (No. 79); France, Belgium and Germany (No. 80).
  62. ↑ In it the article: Rome, April 1839.
  63. ^ Jacques Grandjonc (1970).
  64. ↑ Jacques Grandjonc (1974), p. 242 f.
  65. ↑ See also the reprint: Forward. Signals from art, science, theater, music and social life. With an introduction by Walter Schmidt. Central antiquariat of the GDR, Leipzig 1975.
  66. ↑ Emil Weller.
  67. ↑ Jacques Grandjonc (1974) p. 254.
  68. ↑ Blätter der Gegenwart July 1845, pp. 63–64 Google books
  69. ↑ “In the advertisement section of the DBZ from July 4, 1847 No. 53, p. 4/1 (...) with his initials drawn poem Mäurers against Venedey and in the features section of July 11, 1847 N. 55, p. 1 / III a by poem sent to him with his name ”. ( Deutsche-Brusser-Zeitung. January 1, 1847 to February 27, 1848. Facsimile with introduction and comments by Bert Andréas , Jacques Grandjonc, Hans Pelger. Edition Culture et Civilization, Bruxelles 1981, note 144, p. 70 f.)
  70. ↑ Jacques Grandjonc (1974) p. 258 f.
  71. ↑ pp. 22-53.
  72. ^ Friedrich Engels to Karl Marx March 9, 12847 ( Marx-Engels-Werke Volume 27, p. 77 and Marx-Engels Complete Edition . Section III, Volume 1, p. 85.)
  73. ↑ Telegraph for Germany . Hamburg 1847, No. 186, p. 744; No. 46-52, pp. 181-183, 187-188, 189-191, 195-196, 197-198, 203-204, 205-207 and No. 93, p. 372.
  74. ^ Emil Weller: Democratic paperback for 1848. P. 85. (Berthold Schubert, Inge Kießhauer: two copies of the 'Pariser Horen' found. P. 108).
  75. ↑ Didaskalia No. 271 of November 13, 1849 and No. 272 ​​of November 14, 1849. Google books
  76. ^ Wermuth, Stieber (1854), p. 81.
  77. ^ Ernst von der Nahmer: Contributions to the history of the Kölnische Zeitung, its owners and employees. DuMont Schauberg, Cologne 1920.
  78. ↑ JDC Brugger: History of the establishment and development of the Association of German pure language . JCB Mohr, Heidelberg 1862, p. 43. Google books .
  79. ^ Negotiation of the third general peace congress, held in the Paulskirche in Frankfurt am Main on August 22, 23 and 24, 1850 . JD Sauerländerscher's Verlag 1851, p. 14.
  80. ↑ Max Morsches, Eric Ludemann, p. 7.
  81. ^ Herman Semmig: The German ghost in France. In: Orion. Monthly magazine for literature and art. Edited by Adolf Strodtmann . Hoffmann & Campe, Hamburg 1863, p. 868. Google books
  82. ↑ Winfried Schwarz, Inge Kießhauer: Once again about the 'Pariser Horen', German Mäurer and Emil Weller. P. 53.
  83. ^ Arnold Ruge's correspondence and diary sheets from the years 1825–1880 . Edited by Paul Nerrlich. First volume 1825–1847. Weidmannsche Buchhandlung, Berlin 1888, p. 323.
  84. ↑ Arnold Ruge to Karl Marx December 1, 1843. In: Marx-Engels-Gesamtausgabe, Department 1, Volume 1, p. 422.
  85. ↑ Ruge to Herwegh March 21, 1848, RGASPI, Moscow Fond 172 op. 1. d. 66 (Printed: Contemporaries of Marx and Engels. Selected letters from the years 1844 to 1852. Edited and annotated by Kurt Koszyk and Karl Obermann. Van Grocum & Comp. Assen 1975, ISBN 90-232-1293-2 , p. 139 )
  86. ↑ “I see more and more that Marx has to move into Maeurer's house, regardless of the saving of the term, and that I will then log in next to or above myself. Without a doubt, Marx will also be of the opinion that Rösing's house is too far [...] Let him see it with Maeurer. ”Excerpts in the Marx-Engels Complete Edition. Division I Volume 2, p. 957.
  87. ↑ Ibid, p. 495. This text is on the “fourth page of the sheet”.
  88. ^ "Marx address: Rue Vanneau 31 Faubourg St. Germain. You can write to me through Marx or through Dr. Maeurer Rue Vanneau 23. I will also move into the street and come to live between those 2 numbers ”. Arnold Ruge to Ludwig Feuerbach November 11, 1843 (Marx-Engels Complete Edition. Department I, Volume 1, p. 540).
  89. ↑ “Karl and I arrived in Paris at the beginning of October, where we were received by Herwegh and his wife . We lived rue Vanneau in Faubourg St. Germain and had contact with Ruge, Heine, Herwegh, Mäurer [...]. "(Jenny Marx: Brief outlines of an eventful life. In: Mohr and General. Memories of Marx and Engels. Dietz Verlag, Berlin 1965, p. 204).
  90. ^ Jacques Grandjonc (1990), p. 175.
  91. ^ Letter from Herwegh of December 28, 1843. (Jacques Grandjonc (1990), p. 175.)
  92. ↑ Marx-Engels-Gesamtausgabe, Division II, Volume 2, p. 38 f. and Marx-Engels-Werke Volume 27, p. 45. In this letter Engels also drew the caricature opposite.
  93. ↑ "Lizius would have to examine the following objects before anyone else." Metternich's instructions to Joseph Clannern Ritter von Engelskirchen. Vienna October 29, 1842 (partial reprint in: Hans Adler. Volume 1, p. 170).
  94. ↑ Hans Adler. Volume 1, p. 41 f.
  95. ↑ Hans Adler. Volume 2, p. 56.
  96. ↑ French original: “Au sujet du journal […] Pariser Horen” […] (edited by) “Germain Mauer et Ferdinand Braun, avec la collaboration des Srs Engels et Ewerbeck. Ce recueil, qui est parvenu à triompher des difficultés financiéres qui avaient d'abord apporté des entraves à sa publication, a paru sous le titre: d (i) e Pariser horen (les heures parisiennes); il est arrivé aujourd'hui a son 5e no, et la Presse allemande et française commence, assure-t-on, à s'en occuper. Cette revue prend maintenant une couleur radicale et socialiste bien tranchée, et sa dernière livraison contient des articles d'une violence extreme contre Rois de Prusse et de Baviére. ”Based on: Fragments of international democratic activities around 1848. ( M. Bakunin , F. Engels, F. Mellinet et al.) Ed. And arr . by Helmut Elner, Jacques Grandjonc, Elisabeth Neu and Hans Pelger. Trier 2000 ( writings from the Karl-Marx-Haus Trier No. 48) ISBN 3-86077-545-6 , p. 84 f.
  97. ↑ In the foreword Mäurer writes: "Eight years have passed between the creation and publication of the following sheets". ( Political letters from Berlin ).
  98. ↑ Gustav Adolf or the liberated Meva, p. 1.
  99. ^ Gustav Adolf or the Liberated Meva, SI
  100. ↑ Herzensergießungen (1847), p. 267 and Blüthen aus dem Abendland (1856), p. 250.
  101. ↑ " Thoughts and Poems ", p. 20.
  102. ^ Fr. W. German Mäurer's Poetic Apprenticeship Years. P. 25.
  103. ↑ Folk Sounds . Paris 1841, pp. 81-82.
  104. ^ Jacques Grandjonc, Waltraud Seidel-Höppner, Michael Werner : Wolfgang Strähl. Letters from a Swiss from Paris, 1835–1836. New documents on the history of early proletarian culture and movement . Akademie Verlag, Berlin 1988, p. 485.
  105. ↑ Winfried Schwarz, Inge Kießhauer: Once again about the 'Pariser Horen', German Mäurer and Emil Weller. P. 55 f.
  106. ↑ The use of the term anthroposophy at Mäurer nothing with the embossed later concept of anthroposophy of Rudolf Steiner in common.
  107. ↑ German Museum. Journal of literature, art and public life . Edited by Robert Prutz. No. 36 of September 6, 1855, p. 364. Google books
  108. ↑ F rank furt messages. Extra supplement to the intelligence newspaper of the free city of Frankfurt for daily news, politics, literature, art, theater and non-profit . No. 210 of September 20, 1857, p. 877.
  109. ↑ Max Morsches, Eric Ludemann, p. 7.
  110. ^ Jacques Grandjonc (1990), p. 171.
  111. ↑ 1872 listed in "Napoléon-Vendée". (In 1872 this place was renamed La Roche-sur-Yon . (Eduard Maria Oettinger, Karl August Kesselmeyer: Moniteur des dates […] . 40. Livraison. Juin, Paris 1873, p. 5.)
  112. ^ Mäurer to Gertrud Metten and Christian Lichtenberg March 1, 1864 (Max Morsches, Helmut Höher, p. 3).
  113. ↑ associate professor. In French, 'professeur' means both high school teacher and university professor. Mäurer was a teacher at a secondary school.
  114. ^ Max Morsches, Peter Lückerath: On titles and studies of German Mäurers.
  115. ↑ Max Morsches, Helmut Höher, p. 3.
  116. ↑ Max Morsches, Eric Ludemann, p. 7.
  117. ↑ Max Morsches, Eric Ludemann, p. 8.
  118. ↑ A copy in the Bibliothèque nationale de France .
  119. ↑ 2nd edition of Letters from the Country .
  120. ↑ Mäurer dated the “Foreword” “Paris May in 1843”.
  121. ↑ The book bears the printed dedication: “To the Lord Count von Hohenthal. Royal Saxon ambassadors in Munich dedicate these sheets to the friendly memory of the authors ”. Karl Adolf Graf von Hohenthal-Knauthain (* November 28, 1811, † October 9, 1875).
  122. ^ Reprint from the remaining edition of the Pariser Horen . (Berthold Schubert, Inge Kießhauer, p. 108)
  123. ↑ Mäurer's ten poems are on pp. 169–179 and have titles like “You miss me”; "Good weather"; “Solid as a rock” etc. The magazine was sold “For the best of poor children”, as the title page shows.
  124. ↑ Contains u. a. three poems by Mäurer: Words of Love. Homeland song and battle song (“Melodie von Mäurer”).
  125. ↑ Zurich Central Library Sig. 1855/171.
  126. ^ Adolph Büchting: Catalog of the ()… Google books published in German between 1850–1869
  127. ^ A copy in the Frankfurt University Library, call number DL 563.
  128. ↑ Information for the “Forward!” Jacques Grandjonc (1974), pp. 242–243.
  129. ↑ Also printed in the “Pariser Horen”. May 1847.
  130. ↑ Ludwik Karol Królikowski (1799–1883?)
  131. ^ German Mäurer to Ètienne Cabet June 1, 1842 In: Annali. Milan 3rd year 1960, p. 615 f. translated into German Der Bund der Kommunisten. Volume 1, pp. 140 f.
  132. ↑ Zurich State Archives. Weitling papers P 239.1. Partial print in The League of Communists . Volume 1, p. 151 f.
  133. ↑ Completely printed in: Marx-Engels-Gesamtausgabe. Department III. Volume 1, pp. 807 and 423.
  134. ↑ Completely printed in: Georg Herwegh to Friedrich Wilhelm German Mäurer, spring 1844. In: Georg Herwegh: Briefe 1832–1848 , revised. by Ingrid Pepperle, Volume 5 of the Works and Letters, Critical and Commented Complete Edition , ed. by Ingrid Pepperle u. a. Aisthesis, Bielefeld 2005, ISBN 3-89528-485-8 , 131.
  135. ^ Excerpts printed in: Winfried Schwarz, Inge Kießhauer, pp. 54 and 56.
  136. ^ Excerpts printed in: Winfried Schwarz, Inge Kießhauer, p. 55 f.
  137. ↑ Email from Max Morsches May 17, 2012.
  138. ^ Excerpts printed in Max Morsches, Helmut Höher, p. 3.
personal data
SURNAME Mäurer, German
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Meurer, Wilhelm (maiden name); Mäurer, Friedrich Wilhelm (pseudonym); Mäurer, Fr. W. (pseudonym); Horst von der Warte (pseudonym); Aidet (pseudonym); Michaels (pseudonym); Barkas von Bensberg (pseudonym)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Franco-German writer and teacher, member of the Union of Outlaws and the Union of the Just
DATE OF BIRTH February 18, 1811
PLACE OF BIRTH Bensberg
DATE OF DEATH July 7, 1883
Place of death Issy-les-Moulineaux near Paris