Reign of Neudek

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Tower of Neudek Castle
New castle in Neudek

The rule Neudek (Czech Nejdek ) was a rule in the Elbogen district in Bohemia that had existed since the Middle Ages. In 1849, inheritance and patrimonial jurisdiction were abolished and the judicial districts were formed .

location

The rule was in the northern part of the Elbogen district. It bordered in the north on the Saxon office of Schwarzenberg , in the north-east on the kk Montan-Gut St. Joachimsthal ( Jáchymov ), in the east on the rule Schlackenwerth ( Ostrov nad Ohří ), in the southeast on the Tüppelsgrün ( Děpoltovice ) estate in the south the rule Elbogen ( Loket ) and in the west to the rule Heinrichsgrün ( Jindřichovice ).

history

The area, which was rich in tin, was populated by Upper Franconian Zinnseifer, who settled below a fortified castle from the end of the 13th century , from which the mountain town of Neudek developed. Since the 14th century, the rule was owned by the royal chamber . Previously, the previously uninhabited territory belonged to the Teplá Monastery . In 1313 King John of Bohemia enfeoffed Johann Maleczek with it. In 1341 the fiefdom, including Thierbach and Hermannsgrün , fell to the knight Peter Plick and his descendants with full freedom and justice, with permission to exercise the neck court on these estates . 1410 Plicks sold the lordship to the Eger patrician Hans Forster. Neudek is already referred to as a town in the sales contract.

In 1457 King Georg von Podiebrad enfeoffed Count Mathias Schlick with the rule, which remained with his heirs until the end of the 16th century. The Schlick gave Neudek its own coat of arms, promoted mining and helped the town flourish. In addition, the Reformation entered their territory . In 1602 the owner was Friedrich Colonna Freiherr von Fels, who had acquired Neudek and Engelhaus . In the same year Neudek received city privileges. After the Battle of the White Mountains , the rule that Anna Barbara Colonna von Fels and her sons last owned was confiscated by the royal chamber. According to the Reformation patent , all Lutherans had to leave the country. Part of the population exiled to Electoral Saxony .

The property came to Count Hermann Czernin von Chudenitz in 1633 along with a large number of others, including: Engelhaus, Gießhübel, Hartenstein, Buchau, Scheles, Pladen, Petersburg, Zleb, Kost and Schmiedeberg in Silesia . In 1634, Rittmeister Friedrich Kropp , who was in Swedish service , invaded Neudek with his company, plundered the town and took the captain prisoner. Most of the population fled into the woods. According to the will, Count Hermann Czernin von Chudenitz designated as his heir, the grandson of his brother Count Humprecht Czernin von Chudenitz . He had a new manorial castle built in Neudek and the Humprechtsfeld named after him. In 1651 the subjects were listed for the first time comprehensively in the list of souls of the Elbogen district.

In the North Bohemian peasant uprising of 1680 which spread also to the Neudeker territory that demanded by robots and tithes overburdened serfs more freedom from the rule. In this case, Count Humprecht Czernin von Chudenitz asked the military for help, which moved into Neudek. The rebels fled armed into the mountains, from where they refused to submit to any form of submission. After the crackdown, the ringleaders were picked up by Imperial General Hanaut, dragged to Neudek and executed on the Galgenberg. For the time being, Neudek had lost all privileges, as had the townspeople, their citizenship. In a letter, the subjects humbly asked the count for forgiveness and to request that the town, which had been degraded to a village community, be restored to its rights, as well as to convert the death sentences into detention. The last execution for robbery and desecration took place in 1708. In 1734 the Counts Czernin ceded Neudek, Gießhübel and Engelhaus to Count Adam von Hartig for financial reasons. In the Seven Years' War the Prussians invaded the area.

The great famine and plague epidemic in the years 1771 to 1772 had many victims in the parish. According to a file that was handed over to the emperor in Vienna in 1771, there was a shortage of grain in the Neudek rule as well as elsewhere in the Elbogen district. Part of the population lives from lace making, the others from begging. In summer, the mountain dwellers cut wood in the forests of Electoral Saxony, while their wives and children make lace at home. The earnings are not enough for daily bread. Adults and children ate grass like cattle in the meadows or ate boiled hay. The corpses lay unburied in the villages. In 1772, Empress Maria Theresa donated 400 florins to those in need. The introduction of potato cultivation improved the situation somewhat. In 1781 serfdom was abolished under Emperor Joseph II. It was now possible to leave the manor, start families and look for other ways to earn a living.

Due to excessive indebtedness, Count Ludwig von Hartig sold the Neudek rulership, including Gießhübel, Schöberitz and Priesnitz, to Count Johann Joseph von Stiebar in 1799. The first non-aristocratic owner of the estate was the wholesaler Anton Waagner from Leitmeritz , who bought Neudek in 1810. In 1828 Jakob Veith followed and his daughter Anna who was married to Heinrich Freiherr von Kleist. In 1832 the rulership comprised a small town subject to protection, 15 villages with 1,610 houses and 10,288 inhabitants, some of whom are employed in agriculture or cattle breeding, lace making, or in the local sheet metal and iron works. On the estate near Neudek there is a blast furnace, two rod and two sheet metal hammers, a tinning house, three grinding mills, a paper mill, four wire mills and a lace factory .

After the revolution of 1848/1849 , inheritance and patrimonial jurisdiction were abolished in the Austrian Empire and the Neudek judicial district was formed. The landlords were thus only landowners. Every citizen was able to free himself from the obligation to perform to the rulership by paying an amount. A commission that began its work in April 1851 in Neudek had the task of negotiating compensation with the town and the villages. Countess Anna von der Asseburg , b. von Kleist, sold the property along with Tüppelsgrün and Oberchodau 1881 to Baron Moritz von Königswarter . In 1908 it was transferred to the Bohemian Religious Fund and, with the dissolution of the Imperial and Royal Monarchy in 1918, to the Czechoslovak Republic.

Associated places

Captains

  • Absolon New Stone (1563)
  • Hans Puffler (1599)
  • Erasmus note (1603-1606)
  • Georg Fleissner (1607)
  • Thomas Mennig (1616)
  • Sebastian von Thein (1617–1621)
  • Georg Albrecht Mulz von Walda (1624)
  • Leonhard Zehrer von Ramsenthal (1628–1632)
  • Georg Putz (1634-1635)
  • Peter Zettel (1640)
  • Balthasar Siegel (1643–1662)
  • Johann Schopff (1662–1665)

Trustee

  • Erasmus note (1600–1602)
  • Hans Rappolt (1602)
  • Lorenz Leibold (1648)
  • Peter Müller (1669–1677)
  • Paul Amand Müller (1688)
  • Georg Adam Grimm (1716)
  • Jaroslaw Franz Mickowetz (1719–1725)
  • Franz Nicolaus Switackh (1726–1732)

See also

literature

  • Josef Pilz : History of the City of Neudek. 2nd edition, Ed .: Stadtgemeinde Neudek, 1923.
  • Latest country and ethnology. A geographical reader for all classes , 21st volume Austrian Empire - 3rd volume, Verlag Gottlieb Haase Sons, Prague 1832, p. 58ff. ( Link to the digitized version )

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Elbogner Kreis: 15 . Ehrlich, 1847 ( google.de [accessed January 11, 2020]).
  2. ↑ Topography of the Kingdom of Bohemia: it describes all cities, towns, lordships, castles, estates, noble estates, monasteries, villages, as well as dilapidated castles and cities under the former and current names together with their peculiarities . Piskaczek, 1785 ( google.de [accessed January 11, 2020]).
  3. ^ Messages from the Association for the History of Germans in the Sudetenland . Der Verein, 1913 ( google.de [accessed on January 11, 2020]).
  4. ^ Joseph Anton von Riegger: Materials on the old and new statistics of Bohemia: IX. Booklet . by Kaspar Widtmann, 1789 ( google.de [accessed on January 11, 2020]).
  5. ↑ Soupis poddaných podle víry z roku 1651, Loketsko, PhDr. Eliška Čáňová, Praha 1993, ISBN 80-85475-09-X .
  6. ↑ Josef Pilz: History of the city of Neudek . Stadtgemeinde, 1923 ( google.de [accessed January 11, 2020]).
  7. ^ Announcements from the North Bohemian Excursions Club . Der Club, 1901 ( google.de [accessed January 11, 2020]).
  8. ↑ Latest country and ethnology. A geographical reader for all stands . Diesbach, 1832 ( google.de [accessed on January 21, 2020]).
  9. ↑ Plutus: critical weekly for economics u. Finance . Plutus Verlag, 1906 ( google.de [accessed January 11, 2020]).