Ingetraut Dahlberg

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Ingetraut Dahlberg in her garden

Ingetraut Dahlberg (born February 20, 1927 in Cologne as Ingetraut Gessel ; † October 24, 2017 in Bad König ) was a German information scientist and philosopher . She developed a universal classification system for knowledge organization . When Dahlberg died, the system comprised about 6500 areas of knowledge. She was involved in research and teaching , as an editor , editor and publisher , through collaboration and in many waysManagement of committees . Dahlberg founded an international journal ( International Classification , today: Knowledge Organization ) and two scientific societies ( Gesellschaft für Klassifikation , International Society for Knowledge Organization ).

Life

Early years

Ingetraut Dahlberg's interest in documentation was sparked when her father gave her a camera for Christmas at the age of ten. With that she began to document everything that seemed important to her.

Dahlberg lived most of her life in Frankfurt am Main . She studied philosophy , history , English , Catholic theology and biology at the universities of Frankfurt , Würzburg and Düsseldorf , interrupted by a year of college in the USA .

In 1955 she married the physicist Reinhard Dahlberg, with whom she had their son Wolfgang.

Career entry

In 1959 she took up a position at the Gmelin Institute , which was headed by Erich Pietsch . There she was engaged in bibliographical work in the Documentation Center for Nuclear Energy . In 1961 she moved to the Rationalization Board of Trustees of German Business . In 1962/63 she took part in training as a scientific documentary . The training took place at the Gmelin Institute and was organized by the German Society for Documentation.

German Society for Documentation

She then took up a position at the German Society for Documentation (DGD) (today: German Society for Information and Knowledge ). Her tasks included the collection of library holdings and the documentation of literature on the subject of documentation. In 1964/65 she was given leave of absence to work again for a year in the USA at the invitation of Raymond Pepinsky, first at the Groth Institute for Crystallographic Data Documentation at the Florida Atlantic University in Boca Raton , later at the university library ( Edward M. Heiliger ), the first library in the United States to use a computer to manage its writings. Together with Jean Perreault she worked there on problems of categories and relations in classification .

After her return from the USA, she was appointed head of the DGD library and documentation center. She was also commissioned to set up a thesaurus research and classification committee. Martin Scheele took over the chairmanship, while Ingetraut Dahlberg acted as secretary of the committee. During this time she developed a descriptor system for information science.

During this time, the President of the DGD, Helmut Arntz , delegated it to the FID Revision Committee 03/04 to work. This resulted in the classification of document types and their special aspect terms with well over 1000 terms in 1968 .

At the same time, she worked in the Terminology Standards Committee from 1967–74 on the revision of DIN 2330 “Terms and designations; General principles ” and DIN 2331“ Concept systems and their representation ”. There she came into contact with Eugen Wüster , who had a decisive influence on her further work.

1970 also worked on the committee for questions of classification and indexing within the framework of the UNISIST program, chaired by Douglas John Foskett .

promotion

In 1971 she left the DGD to take up a doctoral degree in philosophy with Alwin Diemer (1971–1973) with the minor subjects general linguistics and history of the natural sciences . The topic of her dissertation posed by her doctoral supervisor was The Universal Classification System of Knowledge, its ontological epistemological and information-theoretical foundations . In 1973 she received her doctorate. The work was published in 1974 by the Saur publishing house, entitled: Basics of the universal knowledge order .

Freelance work

In parallel to working on her dissertation, Dahlberg continued to work as a freelancer on projects beyond her doctorate.

  • In 1971 she was appointed to the advisory body "Database System for the Federal Republic of Germany" of the Federal Government's Ministry of the Interior. She edited two volumes of the three-volume work that was published as a result of the committee.
  • 1972–1973 project commission from DGD: Collection of the names of areas of knowledge.
  • 1972–1974 participation in the FID / CR committee “Subject-Field Reference Code” for the creation of a Broad System of Ordering (BSO) proposed in the UNISIST program.
  • 1975–1976 Commissioned by the University Association to revise or redesign their classification system in the university sector, mainly for statistical purposes.
  • 1976–1979 DFG project "Log structure" . In the mid-1970s, the collection of areas of knowledge had grown to around 12,500. In the log structure project , the logical structure of their definitions was examined. Numerous synonyms were recognized and the number of knowledge areas contained was reduced to around half.
  • 1978–1979 “Pilot Study DB Thesaurus” . Order of the German Library to examine their keywords for thesaurus suitability and to submit a corresponding recommendation.
  • 1979 - approx. 1992 participation in the Committee on Conceptual and Terminological Analysis in the Social Sciences (COCTA), which was sponsored by UNESCO (founded by Fred W. Riggs ). Organization of the conferences in Bielefeld 1981 and Hattersheim, involved in the organization of the conference in Budapest, Hungary.

Foundation of the magazine "International Classification"

In 1974 she founded the International Classification (IC) magazine . The co-editors were Alwin Diemer , Eugen Wüster , J. Perreault and A. Neelameghan .

In the first edition of the IC Dahlberg's article appeared on the theory of the term , in which she first published her conceptual theory based on the considerations of Gottlob Frege and to which she referred in many later publications.

From the beginning, the journal contained not only scientific articles but also a news section, book reviews and an ongoing bibliography of the classification literature.

In 1992 the journal was renamed Knowledge Organization (see founding of ISKO ). It appears under this name to this day.

The "Information Coding Classification" is completed

In 1977 the universal classification system of the areas of knowledge under the name Information Coding Classification (ICC) was completed. It is built on “layers of being” and categories / facets. The first presentation took place in India , Bangalore , at the Documentation Research and Training Center (DRTC, SR Ranganathan ). The system was immediately recognized there. The seminar content is published under the title Ontical Structures and Universal Classification . Before and after this seminar week, Ms. Dahlberg gives lectures at other universities.

Foundation of the INDEKS company

In 1979 Ingetraut Dahlberg and her son Wolfgang founded INDEKS to create registers and classification systems. From 1980 she continued to run the company as INDEKS-Verlag without her son.

Foundation of the "Society for Classification"

On February 12, 1977, Dahlberg invited representatives from the library and documentation sector, goods cataloging, physics, chemistry and mathematics to Frankfurt in order to found the Society for Classification eV (GfKl) with them . On June 4, 1977, she organized the first annual conference in Münster / Westphalia.

She ran the company until 1989 and was its chairman until 1986. As part of the management, she organized their annual conferences and published the proceedings volumes.

FID Committee for Classification Research

1981-87 Dahlberg chaired this committee and during this time organized its conferences in Canada, Germany and India.

Twice it combined such FID / CR conferences with conferences of the Society for Classification, namely in 1979 (Bad Königstein) and 1982 (Augsburg).

International Classification and Indexing Bibliography (ICIB)

Funded by the BMBF from 1980–1982 Collection of a bibliography of the literature on classification and indexing available worldwide. Of the planned 5 volumes, the first 3 volumes were published in 1982–1985. They covered publications from the years 1952 to 1982 and contained references to well over 11,000 titles, all classified according to the ICC and its own Classification of Classification, which followed its rules. Volume 1 contains a list of all universal and special classification systems and thesauri as well as the top three hierarchical levels of the ICC.

Foundation of the "International Society for Knowledge Organization" (ISKO)

Due to the increase in mathematicians in the Society for Classification , the majority of whom followed a statistical-mathematical approach to classification, there was a split in 1989. The conceptually oriented members left the GfKl and founded the International Society for Knowledge Organization eV (ISKO). Ingetraut Dahlberg was elected its president, Robert Fugmann its vice-president. In 1990 ISKO also took over the International Classification magazine founded by Dahlberg . In 1990 the ISKO replaced the term classification with the new term Knowledge Organization , which spread internationally, and continued the journal under the new name Knowledge Organization . Dahlberg remained both its editor-in-chief and president of the ISKO until 1997 .

In addition to managing the umbrella organization of the ISKO, Ingetraut Dahlberg also did development work for several of its national sections. She also participated in the organization of the international conferences, which took place every two years, alternating with the national conferences, and edited the proceedings volumes of the international conferences (e.g.).

Withdrawal from official positions

For health reasons Ingetraut Dahlberg retired from her official positions in 1997 at the age of 70 and in 1998 moved from Frankfurt to Bad König im Odenwald.

She handed over her INDEKS-Verlag to Ergon-Verlag. The American Charles Gilreath from Texas A&M University became the new editor-in-chief of Knowledge Organization magazine . Hanne Albrechtsen, Denmark, became the new President of ISKO. She gave her specialist library on classification, terminology and information science to the McLuhan Institute for Digital Culture and Knowledge Organization, Maastricht (Kim Veltman).

She remained connected to the topic through publications, lectures and elaborations.

Last work

Ingetraut Dahlberg at a lecture on October 25, 2015 at the Ernst Schröder Center in Darmstadt

Since meeting Walter Koch, Graz, in 2010, around 3,500 terms of the total of around 6,500 terms from fields of knowledge have been digitized by her with their definitions, as have many terms of the so-called general concepts for the ICC's zero layer (still unfinished). These provide starting materials for a link z. B. with WordNet .

Her book Knowledge Organization: Development, Task, Application, Future , which appeared in 2014, also reported on some of the activities mentioned . It was aimed primarily at computer scientists, to whom she wanted to convey a humanities view of the treatment of their data. The book deals with the theoretical basis of the ICC and shows possible applications.

Dahlberg attached great importance to the observation that, in addition to the technical aspects, she was also very interested in questions of science policy, to anchor the subject of knowledge organization in the university sector and to bring it into the context of science and science . As early as 1974, it had provided a corresponding point in its Information Coding Classification with the code "81". Above all, however, she saw the need to give the subject of knowledge organization a location in the form of an institute or an academy, since considerable work would still have to be invested in order to make previous knowledge fruitful for practice.

Act

Ingetraut Dahlberg worked in the field of classification, thesauri and knowledge organization. She has written well over 300 publications on these topics. In addition to her own scientific work, she played a significant role in the further development of these subject areas, also by founding the journal International Classification in 1974. This was renamed Knowledge Organization in 1992 . Furthermore, she had influence through the management of numerous committees and institutions that deal with this branch of science, through the organization of conferences and the editing and publication of the resulting proceedings volumes and through her collaboration on standards and guidelines (DIN 2330 and 2331 as well as DIN 32705 , later also at ISO (ISO / TC 37 "Terminology and other language and content resources") and ISO / TC 46 "Information and documentation".) She was editor-in-chief of her magazine for 23 years and founded the Society for Classification eV ( 1977) and the International Society for Knowledge Organization eV (1989). For these, as well as for FID / CR and COCTA, she organized a total of 20 conferences.

Teaching assignments

From 1976 to 1978 she had lectureships at the University of Mainz ( Gerhard Wahrig ). The DFG project log structure was connected with this teaching assignment . On the basis of the results of her dissertation, the names she had collected from around 6,500 fields of knowledge were examined for their structure and systematized. (Preparatory work for a lexicon of areas of knowledge). She had further teaching positions in 1984/85 at the University of Saarbrücken , 1985 to 1987 at the FH Hannover and 1988/89 at the FH Darmstadt .

In addition, Dahlberg was a popular speaker at numerous universities around the world and gave seminars in India and Brazil, among others.

Publications

Ingetraut Dahlberg wrote well over 300 publications, including articles for encyclopedias, on key words, on all aspects of classification and knowledge organization.

mission

Ingetraut Dahlberg lamented the fragmentation of knowledge in her time and made this a firm part of the development of a large number of thesauri and subject-specific ontologies. As a practically working philosopher, she was interested in an interdisciplinary order (she herself used the term universal order of knowledge, which is commonly used in philosophy ) as the basis for interdisciplinary cooperation.

“Above all, the aim is to point out the eminent importance of the universal order of knowledge, whereby this aspect, which is so necessary for the interdisciplinarity of current research, is totally neglected, indeed actually prevented, by the multitude of ontologies developed today. The really important overview of our knowledge is possible with the ICC. With its first two hierarchical levels it fits on one screen and thus conveys the confidence to rediscover the lost unity of our knowledge here as a whole and learn to understand it anew. "

- Ingetraut Dahlberg

She took this position vigorously and defended it against other currents of knowledge organization.

“The reason for this little work was, on the one hand, my observation at the last international conference of the Society for Knowledge Organization in Krakow, May 19-23, 2014, that a large number of young participants were apparently not clear what actually meant by 'knowledge organization'.
On the other hand, I just had the Handbook on Metadata, Semantics and Ontologies by M.-A. Sicilia plowed through and found that the computer scientist colleagues often lack the knowledge that has been developed in the humanities in the field of classification for centuries. They have recognized that their data also has content and like to use the classification systems and thesauri created by information scientists, but they lack the basics. "

- Ingetraut Dahlberg : from the introduction to the book "Wissensorganisation"

It was particularly important to her that the Information Coding Classification System (ICC) she had started to be further developed and completed.

Honors

  • 2. Prize of the International Association of Documentalists and Information Officers (AID), on the occasion of the AID International Symposium 1965. The prize was shared between her and SD Boon, Eindhoven.
  • Ranganathan Award, at the FID / CR Conference 1996 in Innsbruck
  • Eugen Wüster Special Prize from the International Information Center for Terminology (Infoterm) 2006 in Vienna. (Co-financed by the City of Vienna and the Austrian UNESCO Commission)

Web links

Remarks

  1. ↑ Mary Manse College in Toledo, Ohio
  2. ↑ Reinhard Dahlberg. Patent Maps, accessed October 28, 2014 .
  3. ↑ Hans Halter: Thinking the unthinkable! In: Der Spiegel . No. 34 , 1987, pp. 154-167 ( Online - Aug. 17, 1987 ).
  4. ^ Hydrogen economy , history , see: 1980
  5. ↑ Wolfgang Oberlin: What future does electricity from the desert have? Interview with Dr. Reinhard Dahlberg. Focus, accessed October 28, 2014 .
  6. ↑ Jürgen vom Scheidt: Dahlberg, Reinhard (short bio) - visionary of the solar-hydrogen world. Retrieved October 28, 2014 .
  7. ^ Wolfgang Dahlberg: Wolfgang Dahlberg. LibraryThing, accessed October 28, 2014 .
  8. ↑ Thomas Hapke: Erich Pietsch. In: Pioneers of Information Science in Germany. University Library of the TU Hamburg Harburg, September 25, 2002, accessed on October 16, 2014 .
  9. ↑ a b DIN 2330: Terms and designations; General principles
  10. ↑ a b DIN 2331: Concept systems and their representation
  11. ↑ a b UNISIST = UNESCO Intergouvernmental Program for Co-operation in the Field of Scientific and Technical Information
  12. ↑ a b FID = Fédération Internationale de Documentation, CR = Classification Research
  13. ↑ BSO - BROAD SYSTEM OF ORDERING. University College London. School of Library Archive and Information Studies, 2000, accessed March 11, 2015 .
  14. ↑ The project name "Log Structure" stands for "Logical Structure", meaning relationships in terms of content that are not derived from the names of the various areas of knowledge, but require background knowledge of the areas of knowledge. Parallel to this project, the "Semstruktur" project ran under the direction of Gerhard Wahrig . This dealt with the "semantic structure", that is, structure that is linguistically accessible.
  15. ↑ The magazine was published by Verlag Dokumentations, KG Saur until 1980, then by INDEKS-Verlag, and since 1997 by Ergon-Verlag
  16. ^ In memoriam A. Neelameghan. ISKO, August 5, 2014, accessed May 14, 2017 .
  17. ^ New Delhi , Trivandrum , Madras , Varanasi (Kaula) and Tokyo, Japan
  18. ^ Thomas Hapke: Robert Fugmann. In: Pioneers of Information Science in Germany. University library of the TU Hamburg Harburg, accessed on October 29, 2014 .
  19. ↑ Fugmann was previously Vice President of the Society for Classification.
  20. ↑ Bulgaria , Slovakia , Hungary , Italy , Spain , Russia , Poland , France , India , People's Republic of China .
  21. ↑ Hanne Albrechtsen. University of Copenhagen, accessed October 29, 2014 .
  22. ↑ cv: Dr. Kim H. Veltman. Virtual Maastricht McLuhan Institute (VMMI), accessed October 29, 2014 .
  23. ↑ Koch, Walter. University of Graz, accessed on November 2, 2014 .
  24. ↑ ISO / TC 37: Terminology and other language and content resources. International Organization for Standardization , accessed on March 17, 2015 .
  25. ↑ ISO / TC 46: Information and documentation. International Organization for Standardization, accessed on March 17, 2015 .
  26. ↑ various articles on the topic of "classification" . In: H.-J. Schneider (Hrsg.): Lexicon of computer science and data processing . 1st edition. Oldenbourg-Verlag, Munich 1983, ISBN 978-3-486-22875-5 .
  27. ↑ Ingetraut Dahlberg: 19 articles on the topic of "Classification" (1984-1997) . In: K. Löffler , J. Kirchner , W. Olbrich (eds.): Lexicon of the entire book system . Anton Hiersemann Verlag , Stuttgart 1984, ISBN 978-3-7772-1421-4 .
  28. ^ Miguel-Angel Sicilia: Handbook on Metadata, Semantics and Ontologies . World Scientific Pub Co, 2014, ISBN 978-981-283-629-8 .
  29. ↑ Miguel-Angel Sicilia. Universidad de Alcalá, Departamento de Ciencias Computación, accessed October 29, 2014 .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Dr. Ingetraut Dahlberg: Obituary notice. Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung , October 26, 2017, accessed on October 26, 2017 .
  2. ↑ Ingetraut Dahlberg, Geb. Gessel. Echo online , October 26, 2017, accessed October 26, 2017 .
  3. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j Dr. Ingetraut Dahlberg Oral history information. (PDF) Transcript of a video interview that her nephew Gerhard Romen conducted with Ingetraut Dahlberg in July 2012. University of South Carolina School of Library and Information Science (USC SLIS), archived from the original on March 8, 2016 ; accessed on April 17, 2018 .
  4. ^ Wolfgang Dahlberg: Contributions by Ingetraut Dahlberg to the Field of Knowledge Organization . In: ISKO (Ed.): ISKO News . tape 27 . Ergon-Verlag, 1997, ISSN  0943-7444 (English).
  5. ↑ a b c d e f g Thomas Hapke: Ingetraut Dahlberg. Pioneers of Information Science in Germany. In: Pioneers of Information Science in Germany. University Library of the TU Hamburg Harburg, September 25, 2002, accessed on October 16, 2014 .
  6. ↑ a b c Ingetraut Dahlberg: A Brief Self Report . In: Cataloging & Classification Quarterly . Special Issue: Portraits in Cataloging and Classification: Theorists, Educators, and Practitioners of the Late Twentieth Century. tape 25 , no. 2-3 . Taylor Francis, 1998, p. 151–155 , doi : 10.1300 / J104v25n02_11 .
  7. ↑ Nancine Jane Thompson: Edward M. Holy and the Florida Atlantic University Library: An experiment in automation (1955-1967). (PDF) Florida Atlantic University, accessed November 22, 2014 .
  8. ^ Ingetraut Dahlberg: Foundations of a universal order of knowledge. Problems and possibilities of a universal classification system of knowledge . Also: Düsseldorf, Univ., Philos. Fak., Diss. 1973. Ed .: DGD (=  DGD series of publications . Volume 3 ). Verl. Documentation, Pullach b. Munich 1974, ISBN 978-3-7940-3623-3 (today available as a reprint from deGruyter, ISBN = 978-3-11-141267-2).
  9. ↑ Ingetraut Dahlberg (ed.): Literature to the information sciences. Information Sciences Literature. Annotated Bibliography 1960–1971 . Monograph, bibliography. tape 3 .. C. Heymanns Verlag, Cologne 1972, ISBN 978-3-452-17423-9 .
  10. ↑ a b c Ingetraut Dahlberg - Personal Information. (PDF) (No longer available online.) Archived from the original on June 26, 2015 ; Retrieved November 2, 2014 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / infoscileaders.libsci.sc.edu
  11. ↑ Among other things in: Ingetraut Dahlberg: The object-related, analytical concept theory and its types of definition . In: Bernhard Ganter , Rudolf Wille , Karl Erich Wolff (Eds.): Contributions to Concept Analysis - Lectures at the Concept Analysis Workshop, Darmstadt 1986 . BI Wissenschaftsverlag, Mannheim 1987, ISBN 978-3-411-03157-3 , p. 10-22 .
  12. ^ Knowledge Organization Journal. International Society for Knowledge Organization, accessed March 11, 2015 .
  13. ↑ Ingetraut Dahlberg: Ontical Structures and Universal Classification . Ed .: Sarada Ranganathan Endowment for Library Science (=  Sarada Ranganathan Endowment for Library Science series ). Bangalore 1978, LCCN  79-903750 .
  14. ^ Hans-Hermann Bock: A history of the International Federation of Classification Societies. (PDF) RWTH Aachen University, accessed on November 2, 2014 .
  15. ^ First version 1974: Ingetraut Dahlberg, 1993 expanded: Classification System for Knowledge Organization Literature. (No longer available online.) ISKO , 1974, archived from the original on March 8, 2015 ; Retrieved October 29, 2014 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.isko.org
  16. ^ ISKO '97 in Berlin. (No longer available online.) International Society for Knowledge Organization (ISKO), archived from the original on September 24, 2015 ; accessed on March 23, 2015 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.ib.hu-berlin.de
  17. ↑ a b Ingetraut Dahlberg: Knowledge organization - development, task, application, future . Ed .: German section of the International Society for Knowledge Organization, ISKO (=  Textbooks for Knowledge Organization . Volume 3 ). Ergon Verlag, Würzburg 2014, ISBN 978-3-95650-065-7 .
personal data
SURNAME Dahlberg, Ingetraut
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Gessel, Ingetraut (maiden name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German information scientist and philosopher
DATE OF BIRTH February 20, 1927
PLACE OF BIRTH Cologne
DATE OF DEATH October 24, 2017
Place of death Bad King