Itter (noble family)

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Coat of arms of the Lords of Itter

The noble lords of Itter were a noble noble family with property in Itter and Hessengau and appeared in two successive tribes.

coat of arms

Blazon of the family coat of arms : “In blue a gold crowned, red tongued and armored silver lion . On the helmet with blue-silver helmet covers a natural deer head with a neck. "

First house

The first house is traced back to the Esikonen , a Saxon dynasty of counts placed in this room by Charlemagne , who entered history with Hiddi (attested around 813). With the appearance of the names of origin, their descendants appear in various branches as Counts of Reinhausen and as nobles of Itter and temporarily also of Warburg and von Kanstein . They have been attested since the 9th century in Ittergau in Hesse and in Leinegau in Saxony .

In 1126 the two sisters Riclind transferred (also Riklind and Rilind) and Frederun of Itter, nieces and next heiresses of 1,123 deceased Folkmar of Itter, inherited from him Allodial possession of the castle and the rule of Itter to the Abbot Erkenbert of Corvey or to Corvey Abbey; during the transfer they were represented by their “Mundiburgo” ( guardian ) Gumbert von Warburg, their closest agnatic relative and probably a cousin of their uncle. Gumbert's widow Gepa von Arnsberg-Werl got Itter Castle after 1127 as a widow's seat and named herself after it.

Passed by Itter had four daughters. Wiltrud became a nun in the Kaufungen monastery . Lutrud married Widekind I. von Schwalenberg , the progenitor of the Counts of Waldeck . Berta or Mechthild married the progenitor of the second house Itter, to whom she u. a. Itter brought castle and rule. Gepa herself and her daughters founded the Aroldessen Monastery , an Augustinian choir monastery , in 1131 . In 1526 the monastery was secularized by the Counts of Waldeck ; it passed into their possession and was later converted into the Arolsen residential palace.

Second house

From the marriage of a daughter Gepas, probably Mechthild, to Count Konrad I von Everstein (owner of the Gugrafschaft Medebach and vice-bailiff of the Helmarshausen monastery ), two sons were probably born. Thietmar (attested in 1144) founded the Büren lordship near Paderborn on allodial property of the Counts of Arnsberg-Werl , while Gerlach (1144 Vogt von Medebach , 1167 von Itter, Vice-Bailiff von Helmarshausen) became the ancestor of the second house of Itter, which in the male line was Erasmus von Itter died out in 1443.

The Berich monastery, which has sunk into the Edersee today , may have been founded by the von Itter family. In 1196 a certain Egeloff, who is believed to be a Herr von Itter, founded this monastery; Hermann II von Itter was present as a witness when the Archbishop of Mainz took protection of the monastery. Konrad I von Itter (1213 - before 1245) was also guardian of the Berich monastery; He also founded the Cistercian nunnery in Butzebach near Frankenberg in 1242 .

Konrad I's younger brother, Hermann dictus Penceler (Benzelere, Penzeler) (1201–1260), became the founder of the Benteler and Bentler tribes that still exist today. Another brother of Conrad I was Heinrich called Pampis, who is mentioned several times in a Soest document from 1232 as the Burgmann of the Counts of Ziegenhain for the period from 1215 to 1240 . He is the ancestor of Heinrich Pampus von Soenchenrode, who after his marriage to Grete von der Hoven took the name von der Hoven with the addition of Pampus , became mayor to Schönstein and Wissen and from 1437 to 1448 a castle loan to Schönstein-Graben in Wissen the victory held.

Konrad I had four children known by name: Reinhard I (~ 1243–1267), Konrad II. (1243–1250), Jutta and Heinrich II. († 1252). A son of Reinhard I, Dietrich II von Itter († 1321), was bishop of Paderborn from 1310 to 1321 .

In 1356 the nobleman Heinemann von Itter and his son Heinrich died - one of them a natural death, the other was murdered by a "cousin" of Itter (nephew and uncle). After that, half of his (main) part of the Itter rule came to Mainz and Hesse . Heinemann's widow, Margarethe, sold them their rights for 900 silver marks each. The Archbishop pledged the Mainz share in 1359 to Count Otto II von Waldeck , who had married Margarethe, Heinemann's widow, in 1357 or shortly afterwards. In 1408 the last male offspring of the family, Erasmus von Itter († 1443), finally renounced Heinemann's legacy, and the small part of Itter's rule that remained after his death was bought by the Landgraves of Hesse, who later the Mainz and Waldecker parts also acquired.

As the territory of the later Landgraviate of Hessen-Darmstadt , Itter was given several times as a Paragium to subsequent Hessian princes.

The Itter rule in the 14th century

In addition to its main territory on the Eder, which stretched from Dorfitter in the north to Altenlotheim in the south and from the Orke in the west to Werbe in the east, House Itter owned the Höringhausen exclave in the north, the Eimelrod exclave in the north-west and around the rule around a lot of free float. There is also evidence of further free float around Arnsberg , Soest , Erwitte , Lippstadt and Paderborn . There may be other properties in the Nassau and Diez counties area . The northern part of the rule belonged to the Saxon-Westphalian area, the southern part to the Franconian-Hessian area. The northern, larger part ecclesiastically belonged to the diocese of Paderborn , the southern to the archbishopric Mainz .

Feudal lord was the Abbot of Corvey due to the fiefdom of the allodial northern part of the lordship by the first House of Itter in 1126. Other liege lords were the Counts of Arnsberg, the Landgraves of Hesse , the Counts of Nassau, the Counts of Wittgenstein and Battenberg , the Counts of Ziegenhain , the Counts of Waldeck , the Bishops of Paderborn, the Archbishops of Mainz and Cologne, possibly also the Counts of Mark and von Berg , as well as the Busdorf Monastery and the Abdinghof Monastery in Paderborn.

The House of Itter itself had a feudal court and thus free vassals from the knighthood as well as knightly servants (unfree ministerials ). Due to this position in the feudal order, the House of Itter belonged to the medieval class of the noble free.

Web links

literature

  • Karl Bösch: The Aroldessen Monastery. In: History sheets for Waldeck and Pyrmont. Vol. 1, 1901, ISSN  0342-0965 , pp. 1-115.
  • D. Anton Friederich Büsching: New Earth Description , Volume 3, Verlag Joh.Carl Bohn, Hamburg, 1771, Entry: Itter , Page 1263, ( digitized online )
  • Johann Georg Estors: Geography of Travel , Volume 4, Publisher: Siegmund Ehrenfried Richer, Dresden / Leipzig, 1755, Entry: Itter , page 776, ( digitized online )
  • Johann Adam Kopp: Brief historical news from the Lords of Itter, an ancient noble house in Hesse. Edited by Carl Philipp Kopp . Philipp Casimir Müller, Marburg 1751.
  • Detlev Schwennicke (Ed.): European family tables. New episode Volume 8: Western, Central and Northern European Families. Klostermann, Frankfurt am Main, 1980, p. 105.
  • Johann Suibert Seibertz : Diplomatic family history of the dynasts and lords in the Duchy of Westphalia (= regional and legal history of the Duchy of Westphalia. Vol. 1, Section 2). Ritter, Arnsberg 1855, p. 390 ff. ( Digitized version in Seibertz, Landes- und Rechtsgeschichte ).
  • Helfrich Bernhard Wenck : Hessian national history. Varrentrapp & Wenner, Frankfurt am Main and others
    • Volume 2, Dept. 1. 1789;
    • Volume 3: Document book. 1803.
  • Konrad Wiederhold: The foundation of the monastery Aroldessen 1131. In: History sheets for Waldeck and Pyrmont. Vol. 71, 1983, pp. 11-30.
  • Low German studies - LWL - Die (H) Lar - name sighting and interpretation by Heinrich Dittmaier (p. 3 § 5).

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Johann Adam Kopp: Brief historical message from the gentlemen to Itter. Philipp Casimir Müller, Marburg, 1751, p. 46.
  2. ^ Johann Adam Kopp: Brief historical message from the gentlemen to Itter. Philipp Casimir Müller, Marburg, 1751, p. 81.
  3. ^ Rainer Decker, Relatives Murder in the Itter House, in: Westfälische Zeitschrift 34 (1999) pp. 363-368.
  4. ^ Johann Adam Kopp: Brief historical message from the gentlemen to Itter. Philipp Casimir Müller, Marburg, 1751, p. 139. In some places Kunigunde, Heinemann's daughter, is named instead of her.