Canstein Castle
The Canstein Castle is a castle in Canstein , a district of Marsberg in North Rhine-Westphalia Hochsauerlandkreis . The building emerged from a medieval castle , which was transformed into a palace in the early modern period . It stands on a steep limestone cliff that dominates the village of Canstein in the Sauerland in the deeply cut valley of Orpe and Kleppe and which was used as an attack and defense position as early as Germanic times.
history
The oldest written mention of a castle in Canstein comes from the 11th and 12th centuries. In 1080 a "Reinboldus de Canstein" from the family of the Counts of Everstein and in 1120 a "Castrum Cahenstein" were mentioned as a fiefdom of the Archbishop of Mainz . In a list of goods (see: Mainzer Urkundenbuch 1, 616) of Bishop Adalbert I , it can be read that Reginboldus had sold the castle with the associated goods and servants to the Archbishopric of Mainz at a time that was not described in detail. The ore monastery probably immediately returned the estate to the Cansteiners as a fief.
The Canstein property was gradually sold by Kurmainz: The Aroldessen monastery of the Augustinian choir women and the Counts of Waldeck acquired ownership rights, the remaining rule was sold to the Archbishopric of Cologne between 1296 and 1302 (the archbishops and electors of Cologne had been outlawed of Duke Henry the Lion in 1180 by Emperor Friedrich I also Dukes of Westphalia ). This led to a feud between the Archbishop of Cologne and the Count of Waldeck, in the course of which Canstein Castle was apparently damaged or even destroyed, before an arbitration could be brought about between the two parties to the dispute in 1302.
In 1342, the Archbishop of Cologne, Walram , enfeoffed the von Pappenheim brothers (Rave the Elder, Rave the Younger and Herbold), who came from the Warburg area , with the Canstein reign and commissioned them to build a new castle at their own expense. This served to secure the state borders of the Electorate of Cologne against the Count of Waldeck and the Diocese of Paderborn . The enfeoffment and the building of a castle brought another dispute with the neighboring Waldeckers, who made territorial claims to the rule. In spite of this, they built a castle across from Canstein, which they called Grimmenstein. The subsequent feud ended with a settlement, Waldeck had to break off the Grimmenstein again in 1346. It was not until 1663 that the Counts of Waldeck finally recognized Cologne's sovereignty over Canstein.
The Rabe von Pappenheim now called themselves the Rabe von Canstein . The villages Canstein, Heddinghausen , Udorf , Leitmar and Borntosten belonged to the rule . Under the Cansteins, who held both the lower and the high jurisdiction , the so-called blood jurisdiction , the rule almost achieved an imperial immediate status. In the time of the robber barons they made themselves unpleasant. They took part in the Soest feud , belonged to the notorious Benglerbund and especially plundered the Waldeck border towns. The so-called “free shooting” reminds of the attack on Mengeringhausen in 1502.
After an inheritance was divided in 1558 between "lower house" and "upper house". The “upper house” came to the Spiegel zum Desenberg through marriage in 1558 . After Baron Carl Hildebrand von Canstein had bequeathed his inheritance to the Canstein Bible Institute he had founded and the orphanage in Halle , in 1791 they sold the previous Canstein share to Franz Wilhelm von Spiegel zum Desenberg, who succeeded in uniting the property in his hand . The complex was therefore also the birthplace of the brothers Franz Wilhelm , Minister of the Cologne Elector, and Ferdinand August von Spiegel , the Archbishop of Cologne.
In 1837 the von Spiegel family sold it to the Counts of Spee , before the princely von Croÿ family came into possession of the castle, which had meanwhile been redesigned , in 1846 . Since 1853 this has been the property of the von Elverfeldt family , who once again carried out major renovations to the so-called "Upper Castle". The Adorf Castle also belonged to the property .
architecture
The complex, situated on a steep limestone cliff, consists of the manor house , also called the upper castle , and the former outer bailey to the east , also known as the lower castle , at the foot of the rock next to the castle gate with a pointed arch passage . The remains of the keep with dungeon can be seen on the western rock cone and below it, on the south wall, a barrel-vaulted room with loopholes from the 12th to 14th centuries. The upper castle is a plastered two and a half storey quarry stone building . It stands on a high plinth with a sparse classical sandstone structure. It is covered with a hipped roof . In 1853 the complex was uniformly designed with the inclusion of older components, stub wings were added and a small courtyard was built. This was built over two floors in 1910. In the northeast corner is a house with two rooms, strong walls and vaulted cellars, probably from the 14th century. It used to have stepped gables in the east and west. The east wing with a rounded inner corner is the remnant of an originally seven-axis extension from the 18th century. A coat of arms stone of Philipp Heinrich von Spiegel zum Desenberg is embedded in the east wall. It is marked 1681.
The lower castle was built before 1600 as a farm building. A building was added to the north in 1672 and another storey was added around 1780. The roof was expanded in 1928. The elongated, three-story quarry stone building closes like a tower to the north. It is framed with sandstone, decorated with some coat of arms stones and covered with a crooked hip roof. The castle chapel with neo-Gothic furnishings is located in the southern part. The sculptures by Carl Voss come from Steinhausen Castle in the Rhineland . In the south there is a coach house with a flat terrace roof, as well as a horse stable with a mansard roof and an older vaulted cellar. Both the coach house and the horse stable are made of quarry stone. To the south at the foot of the rock is the farmyard with quarry stone buildings, some of which were constructed with half-timbered upper floors. The manor from 18./19. Century is plastered.
literature
- Friedhelm Ackermann, Alfred Bruns: Castles and palaces and monasteries in the Sauerland. Strobel, Arnsberg 1985, ISBN 3-88793-006-14 .
- Alexander Duncker : The rural residences, castles and residences of the knightly landowners in the Prussian monarchy along with the royal family, house, Fideicommiss and Schattull goods . Volume 11. Berlin 1869/70 ( PDF ; 256 kB).
- Alexander Josef von Elverfeldt : Canstein in the Sauerland in the Electorate of Cologne. History and stories . Libri Books on Demand, Marsberg / Norderstedt 2000, ISBN 3-8311-1173-1 .
- Jens Friedhoff : Theiss Castle Guide Sauerland and Siegerland . Konrad Theiss Verlag, Stuttgart 2002, ISBN 3-8062-1706-8 , pp. 50-51.
- August Kracht : Castles and palaces in the Sauerland, Siegerland and on the Ruhr . 1st edition. Knaur, Munich 1983, ISBN 3-426-04410-2 , pp. 160-167.
- Ursula Quednau (arrangement): Dehio-Handbuch der Deutschen Kunstdenkmäler, North Rhine-Westphalia, Volume II: Westphalia . Deutscher Kunstverlag , Berlin / Munich 2011, ISBN 978-3-422-03114-2 , p. 638.
Web links
- Entry by Jens Friedhoff zu Canstein in the scientific database " EBIDAT " of the European Castle Institute
- Canstein Castle in Stefan Grathoff's Castle Lexicon
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Schloss Canstein in the Burgenlexikon by Stefan Grathoff ( Memento of the original from November 28, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , Accessed July 13, 2013.
- ↑ a b Jens Friedhoff: Theiss Burgenführer Sauerland and Siegerland , p. 50.
- ↑ Ursula Quednau (arrangement): Dehio-Handbuch der Deutschen Kunstdenkmäler, North Rhine-Westphalia, Volume II: Westphalia , p. 638.
Coordinates: 51 ° 23 ′ 52 ″ N , 8 ° 55 ′ 24 ″ E