Julier

The Julier or Iulier ( Latin Iulii or gens Iulia ) were a respected ancient Roman patrician family that came from Alba Longa . They derived their name from the legendary progenitor Iulus , according to legend, a son of the Trojan nobleman Aeneas and founder and first king Alba Longas, the mother city of Rome . Via Aeneas, son of Aphrodite (Latin Venus ), the Julians also saw themselves in divine descent. In particular, the most famous family memberGaius Iulius Caesar emphasized this royal-divine origin. The Julisch-Claudian dynasty , the first ruling house of the Roman Empire , emerged from the Julier family .

history

The gens Iulia , the Julier family association, was not rich, but it was one of the old and highly respected families of Rome, although only a few members of the family had distinguished themselves politically: In the early days of the Roman Republic in the 5th century BC. In the consular lists (the authenticity of which is disputed in research) the name Iulius is found more often. 451 Gaius Iulius Iullus was a member of the Decemviri , which should fundamentally reshape the state. For the following centuries only two Julian consuls (267 and 157 BC) are recorded. Caesar's father was born in 92 BC. Chr. Praetor . Some relatives of other family lines were consuls and censors .

For the political significance of Julier and one of her greatest sons, see also: Gaius Iulius Caesar .

With Caesar's death, the direct (paternal) line of Julier died just like many other ancient noble families in the 1st century BC. Chr. From. Despite much speculation, the reasons for this are not known. But the name Julius lived on. On the one hand, Caesar's adoptive son Octavian founded the Julian-Claudian dynasty under the name Augustus ; on the other hand, numerous freed Caesar's and their descendants continued to use the gentile noun "Iulius". Numerous speakers and writers of this name can be found up to the 4th century .

Known members

In detail:

Gaius Iulius Iullus , consul 489 BC BC and probably also 482 BC Chr.
Vopiscus Iulius Iullus , Consul 473 BC. Chr.
Gaius Iulius Iullus , consul 447 BC Chr., 435 BC Chr., 434 BC Chr.
Lucius (or Gaius) Iulius Iullus, military tribune 438 BC Chr.
Gaius (or Gnaeus) Iulius Mento , consul 431 BC. Chr.
Lucius Iulius Iullus , consul 430 BC Chr.
Sextus Iulius Iullus , consul or military tribune 424 BC Chr.
Gaius Iulius Iullus , military tribune 408 BC Chr., 405 BC BC, censor 393 BC Chr.

Lucius Iulius Libo , consul 267 BC Chr.
- Lucius Iulius Libo
  - Numerius Iulius Caesar
    - Lucius Julius Caesar
      - Sextus Iulius Caesar
        
        (Gaius) Iulius Caesar
        Gaius Iulius Caesar
        
        Sextus Iulius Caesar , consul 91 BC. Chr.
        Sextus Iulius Caesar , quaestor 48 BC Chr.
        
        Gaius Iulius Caesar (Praetor) , Praetor 92 BC Chr.
        Gaius Iulius Caesar , consul 59 BC BC, dictator 49 BC Chr. Etc.
        
        Sextus Iulius Caesar , Consul 157 BC Chr.
        
        Sextus Iulius Caesar, adopted by Quintus Lutatius Catulus, then also called himself Quintus Lutatius Catulus , consul 102 BC. Chr.
        Quintus Lutatius Catulus , Consul 78 BC Chr.
        
        Lucius Julius Caesar
        
        Lucius Iulius Caesar , consul 90 BC Chr.
        Lucius Iulius Caesar , consul 64 BC Chr.
        Lucius Iulius Caesar († 46 BC), Roman politician of the late republic
        
        Gaius Iulius Caesar Strabo Vopiscus

Gaius Iulius Divi filius Caesar, known as Octavianus (from 27 BC Emperor Caesar Augustus ), consul 43 BC. BC etc., Princeps 27 BC To 14 AD
- Gaius Iulius Caesar , consul 1 AD
- Lucius Julius Caesar
- Tiberius Iulius Caesar Augustus , consul 13 BC B.C. etc., Princeps 14 to 37 A.D.
  - Gaius Iulius Caesar Germanicus , Consul 12, 18
    - Gaius Iulius Caesar Augustus Germanicus , known as Caligula , Consul 37 etc., Princeps 37 to 41 AD
  - Drusus Iulius Caesar , Consul 15, 21
Lucius Iulius Graecinus , Roman senator and agrarian writer
Lucius Iulius Vestinus , Roman knight
- Marcus Iulius Vestinus Atticus , Consul 65
Lucius Iulius Rufus, Consul 67
Gaius Iulius Vindex († 68), governor of the Roman province of Gallia Lugdunensis
Tiberius Iulius Lupus († 73), Prefect of the Province of Egypt
Gnaeus Iulius Agricola , later elected consul 77
Tiberius Iulius Celsus Polemaeanus , Roman suffect consul 92
Publius Iulius Lupus , Roman consul 98
Sextus Iulius Frontinus , Consul 100
Lucius Iulius Ursus Servianus , Consul 102, 134
Gaius Antius A. Iulius Quadratus , Consul 105
Gaius Iulius Quadratus Bassus , Roman suffect consul 105
Gaius Iulius Longinus , Roman suffect consul 107
Gaius Iulius Philopappus , Roman suffect consul 109
Gaius Iulius Proculus , Roman suffect consul 109
Gnaeus Minicius Faustinus Sextus Iulius Severus , Roman senator, suffect consul, governor and general
Gnaeus Iulius Verus , Roman general, suffect consul 151 AD and governor of Britain
Gaius Iulius Severus , Consul 155
D. Iulius Silanus, Consul 189
Gaius Iulius Erucius Clarus Vibianus , Consul 193
Publius Iulius Scapula Tertullus Priscus, Consul 195
Iulius Asper (Flemish) , Flemish in 201
Gaius Iulius Asper (2nd and 3rd centuries), Roman politician and senator, consul under Commodus and again 212
Gaius Iulius Camilius Asper (3rd century), Roman politician and senator, consul 212, son of the latter
Gaius Iulius Camilius Asper (suffect consul) , Roman politician and senator, suffect consul, son of the latter
Iulius Martialis , Caracalla's murderer
Imp.Caesar C. Iulius Verus Maximinus Augustus, Consul 236
Imp. Caesar M. Iulius Philippus Augustus; Consul 245, 247, 248
M. Iulius Severus Philippus Caesar , Consul 247, 248
Iulius Placidianus , Consul 273
Iulius Asclepiodotus , Consul 292
Flavius Iulius Crispus Caesar , Consul 318, 321, 324
Flavius Iulius Constantius Caesar, Consul 326, 339, 342, 346, 352, 353, 354, 356, 357, 360
Flavius Iulius Dalmatius , consul 333
Flavius Iulius Constantius , Consul 335
Flavius Iulius Constans Augustus, Consul 339, 342, 346
Flavius Iulius Sallustius, Consul 344
Lucius Iulius Vehilius Gratus Iulianus , Roman officer (imperial era)
Gaius Iulius Antiochianus , Roman officer (imperial era)
Gaius Iulius Gallus , Consul 124
Lucius Iulius Frugi , Consul 115
Lucius Iulius Romulus , Consul 152
Tiberius Iulius Candidus Marius Celsus , Roman consul 86 and 105
Tiberius Iulius Candidus Capito , Roman suffect consul 122, son of the previous one
Tiberius Iulius Candidus (Arvalbruder) , Roman priest and member of the college of the Arvalbrothers, 105-139 AD, also probably the son of Marius Celsus
Tiberius Iulius Candidus Caecilius Simplex , Roman priest and member of the college of the Arval Brothers, approx. 102–145, probably the older brother of the previous one
(Tiberius Iulius?) Candidus Celsus , alleged proconsul of Asia, but maybe also a local official
Quintus Iulius Bovius Avitus , Roman officer (imperial era)
Gaius Iulius Bassus (consul 139) , Roman suffect consul 139
Lucius Iulius Titus Statilius Severus , Roman suffect consul 155
Gaius Iulius Geminus Capellianus , Roman suffect consul 16
Gaius Iulius Barbarus , Roman officer (imperial era)
Sextus Iulius Sparsus , Roman suffect consul 88
Quintus Iulius Balbus (consul 85) , Roman suffect consul
Quintus Iulius Balbus (consul 129) , Roman suffect consul
Quintus Iulius Maximus , Roman officer (imperial era)
Gaius Iulius Capito , Roman officer (imperial era)
Gaius Iulius Iulianus , Roman suffect consul 150
Gaius Iulius Iulianus (prefect) , Roman officer (imperial era)
Gaius Iulius Paullus , Roman officer (imperial era)
Gaius Iulius Proclus , ancient Roman entrepreneur
Gaius Iulius Publilius Pius , Roman officer (imperial era)
Gaius Iulius Rufinus , Roman officer (imperial era)
Gaius Iulius Victor , Roman author (possibly Gallic origin) of manuscripts on rhetoric
Lucius Iulius Iucundus , Roman officer (imperial era)
Lucius Iulius Messala Rutilianus , Roman suffect consul 192
Lucius Iulius Proculianus , Roman suffect consul 179
Marcus Iulius Agrippa , Roman officer (imperial era)
Tiberius Iulius Agricola , Roman officer (imperial era)
Titus Iulius Arrianus , Roman officer (imperial era)
Titus Iulius Pollio , Roman officer (imperial era)
Titus Iulius Ustus , Roman officer (imperial era)

Uses today

Today Julius and Julia are used as first names. The month name Iulius (July) and the term Julian calendar come from the name Julius.

Furthermore, the name of the Julian Alps can be traced back etymologically to the Julier .

The name Julier as a short form for the Julier Pass , however, is a homophonic word which is etymologically derived from "julo" (Gaulish for "yoke, pass").

literature

Friedrich Münzer : Iulius . In: Paulys Realencyclopadie der classischen Antiquity Science (RE). Volume X, 1, Stuttgart 1918, column 106 f.

Footnotes

↑ Cf. Suetonius, Kaiserbiographien , Caesar , according to which Caesar emphasizes in the funeral oration of his aunt Julia that the Julians descended from Venus.
↑ For a complete overview of the Julier who held offices during the republic, cf. T. Robert S. Broughton : The Magistrates Of The Roman Republic. Vol. 2: 99 BC - 31 BC Cleveland, Ohio: Case Western Reserve University Press, 1952. Reprinted unmodified 1968 (Philological Monographs. Ed. By the American Philological Association. Vol. 15, Part 2), pp. 574 f.

Web links

Commons : Julier - collection of images, videos and audio files

[1] Cf. Suetonius, Kaiserbiographien , Caesar , according to which Caesar emphasizes in the funeral oration of his aunt Julia that the Julians descended from Venus.

[2] For a complete overview of the Julier who held offices during the republic, cf. T. Robert S. Broughton : The Magistrates Of The Roman Republic. Vol. 2: 99 BC - 31 BC Cleveland, Ohio: Case Western Reserve University Press, 1952. Reprinted unmodified 1968 (Philological Monographs. Ed. By the American Philological Association. Vol. 15, Part 2), pp. 574 f.