Johann Heinrich Müntz

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Johann Heinrich Müntz: Strawberry Hill , Twickenham from the south, around 1755–1759
Johann Heinrich Müntz: The "Gothic Cathedral" in Kew Gardens , engraving, 1763
Johann Heinrich Müntz: Thames ferry unloading
Johann Heinrich Müntz: Arcadian landscape with ruins, watercolor, 1766–1767
Johann Heinrich Müntz: Romantic Landscape, 1767 (detail)
Johann Heinrich Müntz: Landscape with Staffages, 1770
Johann Heinrich Müntz: Park Landscape with Ancient Ruins and Figures, 1773
Johann Heinrich Müntz: Ruins of the Kazimierz Dolny Castle , 1782
Johann Heinrich Müntz: "Bisonne de Gilibert" in Lithuania, around / before 1784
Johann Heinrich Müntz: Bergpark Wilhelmshöhe in Kassel, still with the old Weißenstein Castle and mosque, 1786

Johann Heinrich Müntz , English John Henry Muntz , French Jean-Henri Müntz , Polish Jan Henryk Müntz , Ukrainian Жан Анрі Мюнц , or Жаном Анрі Мюнцом (born September 28, 1727 in Mulhouse ; † May 1798 in Kassel ) was a German - Swiss portrait - and landscape painter , architecture - draftsman , etcher , master builder and garden designer .

Life

Müntz was born in Mulhouse in Alsace . At that time, on the one hand, the place was contractually linked to the Old Confederation as a " facing place " , on the other hand it belonged to the Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation as a Free Imperial City directly subordinate to the Emperor .

Müntz was versatile in the artistic field and active throughout Europe . This wandering was formative for the life and work of Johann Heinrich Müntz. In France, from 1748, he initially trained as an army engineer. During this period of service he also came to Spain (1748), where he drew Gothic buildings, and to Rome (1749–54), where he copied antique vases and painted idyllic landscapes. After the dissolution of his regiment, he came to the Channel Island of Jersey via Nantes (1753) for a short time (until 1754) , meanwhile having become an officer .

From 1755 to 1759 Horace Walpole hired him on the recommendation of his friend Richard Bentley from Jersey to the Kingdom of Great Britain , to his property Strawberry Hill , Middlesex near Twickenham near Richmond, where he succeeded Bentley in his views of his extravagant, from 1749 in neo-Gothic Stil ("Gothic Revival") built villa for the purpose of publication and sale by Walpoles in-house printing house. (Letter from Walpoles dated June 10, 1755 to Bentley: "Mr. Muntz has arrived." )

On July 5, 1755, Walpole first reported praising Müntz to Richard Bentley : “ […] he answers all you promised and vowed for him: he is very modest, humble, and reasonable; and has seen so much and knows so much, of countries and languages ​​that I am not likely to be soon tired of him. His drawings are very pretty: he has done two views of Strawberry that please me extremely; His landscape and trees are much better than I expected. […] ”.

This protection from the famous Walpole was the breakthrough in his later artistic career for Müntz. During his time at Walpole, he created the ceiling painting in the China Closet (a porcelain cabinet), the ceiling painting of which was derived from the type of the Italian loggia and formally as convolvuluses on poles from the ceilings of the Villa Borghese in Frascati . It was there that he had first contact with the architect William Chambers , who was also working there .

Müntz was not on site for a long time, but also worked in " The Vynes " (Hampshire). Walpole on August 4, 1755 to Bentley: “ Mr. Muntz is at the Vine, and has been some time. I want to know more of this history of the German [sic!]: I do assure you, that I like both his painting and behavior; but if any history of any kind is to accompany him, I shall be most willing to part with him. ”

Walpole had also persuaded Richard Bateman to hire Bentley for his "Grove House" in Old Windsor (a Ferme Ornée , forerunner and model for The Leasowes by William Shenstone ). To this end, Müntz designed an octagonal "Gothic" room, a dining room and a "cloister" (cloister). For John Robartes, 4th Earl of Radnor , he made a view of Radnor House (before 1756).

For a short time, Müntz was also a member of the self-proclaimed “Committee of Taste”, to which, in addition to Walpole, Richard Bentley and the architectural dilettante John Chute belonged. One can definitely say that of these four, Müntz was the most technically capable.

Müntz, however, probably had a stubborn head (“ All the world is going the same road, except Mr. Muntz, who had rather be knocked on the head for fame, than paint for it. ” Walpole on July 12, 1757 to his friend George Montagu). Walpole soon became impatient, because Müntz was painting too slowly for him (" mr. Muntz is not gone; but pray don't think that I keep him: he has absolutely done nothing this whole summer but paste two chimney boards. In short, instead of Claude Lorrain , he is only one of Bromwich ’s men. ” '; July 26, 1757 to John Chute).

In 1759, Müntz designed the "Gothic Cathedral" for Walpole. In the “China Room”, Müntz made the ceiling painting. In the end, however, Müntz was dismissed by Walpole, “ for very pertinent behavior. “During this time, Müntz was already working on the preparation of a Gothic publication. He tried to keep himself afloat financially through commissioned work. He moved to London because the Princess Auguste of Wales (princess from 1736 to 1751) had given him the job of laying out the famous gardens of Kew . He also worked there with William Chambers on the park architecture, designed for Chambers' designs for the " Alhambra " (1758) built in the Moorish style and drew (and probably also designed) a "Gothic cathedral" (chapel) (1759) as a staffage architecture . It is unclear whether he was also involved in the landscaping.

Around 1760 he built another “Gothic house” for Thomas Hudson in Twickenham. Robert Manwaring illustrated further architectural drawings by Müntz in a travel guide from 1760. During this time Müntz had a treatise on the encaustic method of Count Caylus printed under his French name Jean Henri Müntz : Encaustic: or, Count Caylus's method of painting in the manner of the ancients. (London 1760). It was later translated into German by Johann Friedrich von Uffenbach under the title JH Müntz encaustische Malerey .

In 1762 his works were exhibited at the London Society of Artists . In the same year James Caulfeild , the 4th Viscount of Charlemont (1728–99) hired him to design an “Egyptian room” (in neo-Gothic style!) For his “Marino House” near Dublin, which housed his collection of ancient Egyptian vases should be. In 1762, Müntz finally left England for the Habsburg and Ottoman Empire . He spent a year in Greece and Jerusalem producing accurate representations of ancient monuments and published Greek vases. Then he moved to the Netherlands . There he worked from 1764 to 1778 in Weesp and Muiden as a porcelain painter, and as a metallurgist on behalf of Benjamin Veitel Ephraim , but on the side he made other landscape scenes.

From 1780 to 1785 (evidently at least 1783) he lived in the Polish-Lithuanian aristocratic republic, where he was major of the 2nd battalion in Grodno . He joined the Polish prince, Grand Treasurer of Lithuania, and later the last king of independent Poland, Stanislaus Poniatowski , who became his patron, and was responsible for the redesign of the Warsaw Royal Castle and associated gardens.

From Poland he made trips to Lithuania and the Ukraine and designed a villa (built in 1783) and the associated Korsun Park on the banks of the Ros River for Poniatowski and according to his instructions in his residence town of Korsuń . When Müntz fell ill while he was working and left Korsuń, John Lindsay, a Pole of Scottish descent, continued his work. On his travels, Müntz also worked as a nature documentary draftsman. In Lithuania he held z. B. one of the wild European bison ("Bisonne de Gilibert ", wisent) found there on a prick (Gilibert had written for the first time a scientific description of the European bison). Müntz traveled on: For the year 1785 he is recorded in Italy ( Florence ).

In 1792 Johann Heinrich Müntz finally went to Kassel ( Landgraviate Hessen-Kassel ). There he created numerous watercolors and drawings, e. B. from Bergpark Wilhelmshöhe and the surrounding landscapes. During his time in Kassel, Müntz spent most of the summer in the nearby Riede (now part of Bad Emstal ). The design for the landscape garden (1770) for Schloss Riede also comes from Müntz. He was buried in the garden of Riede Castle in 1798.

Appreciation

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JH Müntz was an artist of European standing, whose work, spread all over Europe, was largely forgotten for a long time. As a painter, graphic artist, architect, soldier, engineer, teacher and writer, he left his mark on the Europe of the Enlightenment and the beginning of classicism . He is best known as a virtuoso painter and graphic artist such as the views of the city ​​palace in Kassel and the marble bath , as well as through his participation in the design of gardens.

Müntz wrote three theoretical treatises, and there are drafts for two more. On a treatise by Johann Heinrich Tischbein the Elder J. (1742–1808) he made illustrations on engravings, as well as on antique vases, Gothic architecture, encaustic and painting techniques.

His artistic work is characterized by mastery and researching development of techniques, extensive knowledge of antiquity and a feeling for the wishes of his clients.

He received recognition in the last years of his life and after his death not only from his students. With the knowledge imparted, they also took over the little of his material legacy. He bequeathed the last part of his artistic legacy together with his debts to the wife of court gardener Stumpfeld in Kassel, who had looked after him during the last years of his illness.

In 1802 a memorial was erected to him in honor of Johann Christian Ruhl in Kassel, near the Bergpark Wilhelmshöhe. An undated pencil drawing by Johann Martin von Rohden (* 1778; † 1868) with the monument to Müntz has survived.

Works

  • Encaustic: or, Count Caylus's method of painting in the manner of the ancients: To which is added a sure and casy method for fixing of crayons. London: Printed for the Author & A. Webley [etc.], 1760. As an electronic resource In: The University of Hong Kong Libraries .
  • Presentation of an assortment of the most beautiful, oldest and rarest Egyptian, Etruscan, Greek and Roman Vases and Urns…. 1772, London, Repr. 1972.

literature

  • Contemporary review of the essay v. JH Müntz "Encausty, or Count Caylus's method of painting in the manner of the ancients". In: [Anonymus]: Library of the fine sciences and the free arts. 7th volume, 1st St., 1761, p. 144 ( ub.uni-bielefeld.de ).
  • Anonymous: Living artists from Caßel. In: New library of fine sciences and freyen arts. Volume 54, Item 2, Leipzig, 1795.
  • Teresa S. Badenoch: Wilhelmshoehe: a unique record of a changing landscape by JH Muentz (1786–1796). In: Journal of garden history. Volume 6, Issue 1, pp. 50-61, Taylor & Francis, London [u. a.] 1986, ISSN  0144-5170 .
  • Elżbieta Budzińska: Jana Henryka Müntza Podróze malownicze po Polsce i Ukrainie: (1781–1783) [Les voyages pittoresques de Jean-Henri Müntz en Pologne et en Ukraine: (1781–1783)]; album ze zbiorów Gabinetu Rycin BUW, Wyd. 1, (Prace Biblioteki Uniwersyteckiej w Warszawie; 16), Warszawa: Wydawn. Uniwersytetu, 1982. (Contributions partly in Polish, partly in French)
  • Howard Colvin: A Biographical Dictionary of British Architects: 1600-1840. New Haven / London, 3rd edition, 1995, pp. 673-674.
  • Ray Desmond: Kew: The History of the Royal Botanic Gardens. Harville Press, London 1995, p. 52 and plate 4. (Müntz's Alhambra design).
  • Louis Dimier: Le paysagiste Muntz. In: Bull. De la Soc. de l'hist. de l'art franç. 1923, pp. 108-110.
  • Hans-Christoph Dittscheid: Kassel-Wilhelmshöhe and the castle building crisis at the end of the Ancien Régime: Charles De Wailly, Simon Louis Du Ry and Heinrich Christoph Jussow as architects of the castle and Löwenburg in Wilhelmshöhe (1785-1800). Worms: Wernersche Verlagsgesellschaft, 1987.
  • Harris, John (1971) A Catalog of british drawings for architecture, decoration, sculpture and landscape gardening 1550-1900 in american collections. New Jersey.
  • John Dixon Hunt: JH Müntz. In: The picturesque garden. Design and history of the European landscape garden. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 2004, ISBN 3-8001-4494-8 , p. 155.
  • Tim Knox: Strawberry Hill, Twickenham. In: Country Life. August 12, 2004.
  • Tomasz Samojlik, Bogumiła Jędrzejewska, Tomasz Kamiński: Polana pasieczna na akwareli Jana Henryka Müntza "Puszcza Białowieska - polowanie na niedźwiedzia" (1780-1783). NR 3-4 / 2003 R. LI.
  • Muntz, Johann Heinrich . In: Hans Vollmer (Hrsg.): General lexicon of fine artists from antiquity to the present . Founded by Ulrich Thieme and Felix Becker . tape 25 : Moehring – Olivié . EA Seemann, Leipzig 1931, p. 253 (With numerous other references to literature and archives).
  • Marianne Heinz: Johann Martin von Rohden 1778-1886. State Museums of Kassel. New gallery & edition Minerva. Kassel 2001.
  • Horace Walpole, WS Lewis, A. Dayle Wallace, Robert A. Smith (Eds.): The Yale Editions of Horace Walpole's Correspondence. Volume 35: With John Chute, Richard Bentley, the Earl of Stafford, Sir William Hamilton, the Earl and Countess Harcourt [and] George Hardinge (= The Yale Edition of Horace Walpole's Correspondence. 35). Oxford University Press; Yale University Press, London / New Haven 1973, ISBN 0-300-01624-7 .
  • Horace Walpole: The History of the Modern Taste in Gardening. In: Anecdotes of painting in England. Reprint of: Strawberry Hill Press, 1782 (written in the years prior to 1770); Reprint: Ursus Press, New York 1995, ISBN 1-883145-02-3 ; [Note: The explanations in this essay by Walpole are e.g. Partly misleading].
  • Teresa S. Watts: The Life and Work of Johann Heinrich Müntz (1727-1798). Diss., Toronto, 1986.
  • Teresa S. Watts. JH Müntz, Horace Walpole and encaustic painting: Müntz's experiments in England 1755-62. Apollo, London, October 1994.
  • Мыцык Юрый. Французскі мастак XVIII стагоддзя пра Беларсь. Ніба, No. 34, Беласток, August 25, 2002.
  • Голас Радзімы: Жан-Анры Мюнц - даследчык Палесся. Назіранні французскаго мастака пра Беларусь ХУІІІ стагоддзя. September 4, 2002, No. 36 (2802) -0.2 д.а.
  • Philippe Edel: Jean-Henri Müntz (1727-1798), paysagiste de l'Europe des Lumières. L'Alsace dans le monde, n ° 40, Automne 2012.

Archives

  • Strawberry Hill Trust, London.
  • Lewis-Walpole Collection. Lewis-Walpole Library, Yale University, New Haven, CT.
  • The Royal Society for the Encouragement of Arts, Manufactures & Commerce, London (Letter from Society to John Henry Muntz about encaustic paintings, Ref No .: PR.AR/103/10/402 thersa.net ).
  • Guildhall Library, London collage.cityoflondon.gov.uk
  • Gemeentemuseum Weesp, Netherlands (? Codart.nl )
  • State Museums Kassel Wilhelmshöhe, Kassel
  • City Museum, Kassel.

Web links

Commons : Johann Heinrich Müntz  - Album with pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ John Harris: Gardens of Delight. The Rococo English Landscape of Thomas Robins the Elder . tape 1 . Basilisk Press, London 1978, pp. 14 (English, British National Bibliography (BNB) number GB7905867). Quoted from diss.fu-berlin.de
  2. ↑ Drawings available today In: Yale University, Lewis Walpole Library, Farmington, New Haven CT; see also John Harris: A Catalog of British Drawings for Architecture… in North America. Upper Saddle River, 1971, p. 143, plate 105
  3. ↑ World Cup Zappey: Porcelain en zilvergeld in Weesp. P. 198.
  4. ↑ Detailed description of the silver and copper smelters, of which furnace ... erected in Muiden beij Amsterdam, owner of which Mr. BV Ephraim.
  5. ↑ Bisonne de Gilibert . In: Cahiers Lituaniens . No. 5 , 2005, ISBN 2-9521912-1-2 , pp. 23 (French, cahiers-lituaniens.org [PDF; 1.6 MB ; accessed on January 27, 2019]).
  6. ^ Hugo Brunner: History of the royal seat of Cassel. Verlag Pillardy and Augustin, Cassel 1913 p. 298.
personal data
SURNAME Müntz, Johann Heinrich
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Muntz, John Henry (English); Müntz, Jean-Henri (French); Müntz, Jana Henryk (Polish); Мюнц, Жан-Анры; Мюнцом, Жаном Анрі (Ukrainian)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Swiss landscape painter, draftsman, eraser, master builder and garden designer
DATE OF BIRTH September 28, 1727
PLACE OF BIRTH Mulhouse
DATE OF DEATH May 1798
Place of death kassel