Jože Plečnik

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Jože Plečnik 1943

Jože Plečnik (sometimes referred to as Josef Plecnik on his buildings in Vienna ; * January 23, 1872 in Laibach / Ljubljana , Austria-Hungary ; † January 7, 1957 , Yugoslavia ) was a Slovenian architect who worked in Vienna , Prague and Ljubljana .

Live and act

Jože Plečnik was the third child of a carpenter in Laibach / Ljubljana. While his brothers were studying, he only attended one class in high school and then worked in the carpentry shop. His father wanted to turn him into a practitioner and did not tolerate an artist in the family. A scholarship enabled him to train as a carpenter at the Graz Trade School from 1888. There he supported Leopold Theyer with drawings for the construction of the Joanneum Park in Graz .

His father died in 1892, but Jože was too young to take over the business, so he went to Vienna and worked there in the JW Müller Hof-Bau-Kunst Tischlerei , where he mainly drew furniture designs.

As a result, he came to the Academy of Fine Arts in Vienna , where he became a student of Otto Wagner , who was just starting to teach . But he broke off this course soon after, because he was not up to the tasks of Wagner, and instead entered Wagner's master school, where he became his best pupil.

His main areas of activity were Laibach / Ljubljana, Vienna and Prague . Trips to Rome and Paris had a major impact on his later architectural style.

His most famous buildings were built in Vienna between 1900 and 1913: the Zacherlhaus (1903–1905), a company building in Vienna's inner city (Brandstätte, corner of the farmers' market ) with elegant shapes and decorated with marble and steel pins, as well as the Heilig-Geist-Kirche in Vienna Ottakring (16th district, 1910–1913).

In 1911 he was unanimously proposed as the successor to Otto Wagner by the college of professors . Due to the intervention of Archduke heir to the throne Franz Ferdinand , however, the professorship was filled with Leopold Bauer . However, Plečnik was able to succeed Jan Kotěra at the Academy of Fine Arts in Prague.

In 1920, the Czechoslovak President Tomas G. Masaryk appointed him architect of the Prague Castle . Jože Plečnik was thus responsible for redesigning the castle, especially the rooms used by the president himself, where his interventions can still be seen today.

In 1922 he began giving lectures in Ljubljana, but returned regularly to Prague until 1935. In 1925 he began the urban redesign of Ljubljana. From 1936 to 1941 he built the concise building of the national and university library there . The bank development of the Ljubljanica and the Three Bridges ( Tromostovje ) in the city center are his work, as well as the design of the street lighting . 1936-1940 he worked on behalf of the city administration on the first expansion of the central cemetery Žale in the district of Bežigrad , which had become the Ljubljana central cemetery , where he was later buried himself.

His careful renovation and expansion of the church in Bogojina in Prekmurje in north-eastern Slovenia is also known.

Plečnik's long-term residence on the outskirts of Ljubljana is open to the public as a memorial.

Works

photo		Construction year	Surname	Location	description
		1894-1901	Wiener Stadtbahn BDA-ID:  19850	Location	From 1894, Jože Plečnik was employed as a draftsman alongside Joseph Maria Olbrich in Otto Wagner's studio . One can only speculate about the extent of his involvement in the drafts. From the Gumpendorfer Straße station, today on the U6, a key role in the design is considered to be assured.
		1897	Side entrance Wienzeilenhaus by Otto Wagner BDA-ID:  22463	Vienna 6, Köstlergasse 1 / Linke Wienzeile 38 location	The side entrance to the building was designed by Plečnik.
		1897	Design for the Gutenberg Monument	Location	Design The design depicts a globe with figures for the continents surrounded by laurel leaves. Jože Plečnik and Othmar Schimkowitz won first place. A more conservative design by Max Fabiani was implemented . The design by Jože Plečnik is the first draft for a Jugendstil monument in Vienna and is therefore something special.
		1900-1901	Friedensbrücke tram station BDA-ID:  11089 Wikidata	Vienna 9, Spittelauer Lände 1 location	In a letter to his brother, Plečnik wrote of this tram station that he designed it himself.
		1900-1901	Roßauer Lände tram station BDA-ID:  11091 Wikidata	Vienna 9, Rossauer Lände 19 location	In a letter to his brother, Plečnik wrote of this tram station that he designed it himself.
		1900-1901	Villa Langer BDA-ID:  43193 Wikidata	Vienna 13, Beckgasse 30 location	Plečnik was only involved in this building when the floor plan was already fixed. He designed the facade in the style of Belgian Art Nouveau, as he knew it from magazines.
		1901	Villa Loos BDA-ID:  45269 Wikidata	Melk an der Donau, Lower Austria, Abt-Karl-Straße 16 location
		1901	Monument to Josef von Schroll	třída Soukenická 64, Olivětín , Broumov, Czech Republic (marble base preserved) location	The monument stands in front of the former administration building of the Benedict Schrolls Sohn company in a group of trees in the parking lot in front of the VEBA Olivětín factory entrance. The base was designed by Plečnik, the bust by Othmar Schimkowitz . The original bust was destroyed and replaced by a bust of Edvard Beneš . Meanwhile, a replica of the original is back on the base.
		1902	Villa Weidmann BDA-ID:  75687 Wikidata	Vienna 13, Hietzinger Hauptstrasse 6 location	A return to baroque forms can be seen in this building. The interior was also designed by Plečnik. 1921 Renovation by Rudolf Goebel. “Too many putti,” said Otto Wagner.
		1901-1902	Rental house Langer BDA-ID:  6445	Vienna 5, Steggasse 1 / Hamburgerstraße 16 (formerly Wiengasse) location	With this building, Plečnik returned to the idea of ​​the corrugated stucco as he had used it in Beckgasse. The balconies over the corners originally had a floor made of glass.
		1903-1905	Zacherlhaus BDA-ID:  40914 Wikidata	Vienna 1, Wildpretmarkt 2–4 / Bauernmarkt 4 location
		1906	Tomb of Heinrich Peham von Bojernberg	Vienna 19, Döblinger Friedhof , group 27, grave lamp location
		1906-1909	Karl Borromeo Fountain BDA-ID:  7869 Wikidata	Vienna 3, Karl-Borromäus-Platz location	Sculpture by Josef Engelhart , stone masonry by Eduard Hauser
		1907	Child protection station	Vienna 18, Lacknergasse 98 location	Here Plečnik again used more playful forms, as the building was used for children.
		1908	Villa Graßberger BDA-ID:  52286 Wikidata	Vienna 17, Braungasse 41 location	Annotation: an additional storey in 1950, the facade changed
		1910-1913	Holy Spirit Church Vienna BDA-ID:  52149 Wikidata	Vienna 16, Herbststrasse 82 location
		1915	Carmelite Church of the Holy Family BDA-ID:  52528 Wikidata	Vienna 19, Silbergasse 35 location	It is the family chapel of the Zacherl family
		1919	Extensions to St. Bartholomew's Church, Ljubljana	Ljubljana location
		1923-1927	Interior work on the President's premises in Prague Castle	Prague Castle, Praha, CZ location	For the renewal of the Czech people and as a result of the first democratic election, Plečnik rebuilt large parts of Prague Castle. Including vestibule (1923–1924), impluvium (1923–1924), salon with embroidery (1924–1927), large salon (1925–1927).
		1923-1925	The Paradise Garden by Prague Castle	Location	Paradise garden, granite bowl
		1924-1928	Third courtyard and obelisk in Prague Castle	Location
		1925	Bežigrad Stadium Wikidata	Dunajska cesta 73, Ljubljana, Slovenia location
		1925-1927	Reconstruction of the Chamber for Commerce, Crafts and Industry, Constitutional Court	Beethovnova ulica 10, Ljubljana, Slovenia location	In particular, the staircase was extensively changed.
		1925-1927	Expansion of the Church of the Ascension	Bogojina, Slovenia location
		1925-1927	Francis Church	Verovškova ulica, Ljubljana, Slovenia location
		1925-1927	Viewing platform in Prague Castle, small belvedere	Location
		1926	Flagpoles in front of the Matthias Gate of Prague Castle	Location	Flagpoles at the main entrance
		1926	Memorial to the war victims	Lany (Lana), Czech Republic location	Note: Coordinates inaccurate
		around 1926	Prague Castle ramparts	Prague Castle / Hradschin Praha, CZ location	Viewing terrace, pyramid, pergola with granite table, granite beams in front of the Slavata monument
		1926-1928	Congress place	Ljubljana, Slovenia location
		1927	Pyramid in Zoisstrasse	Zoisova Cesta, Ljubljana, Slovenia location
		1927-1928	Fountain in Prague Castle	Location
		1927-1931	Stairway in Prague Castle to the Garden of Paradise, bull stairs	Location
		around 1928	Sacred Heart Church in Prague Wikidata	Prague / Praha, CZ location
		1928-1930	Insurance company Vzajemna	Miklošičeva cesta 19, Ljubljana, Slovenia Location	Now Triglav insurance company
		1928-1930	Plečnik Hall, Column Hall	Prague Castle, Praha, CZ location
		1929	Monument to the French Revolution and the Illyrian Provinces	Trg francoske revolucije, Ljubljana, Slovenia Location	Sculptor: Lojze Dolinar
		1929-1930	Lány Castle fountain	Lany Castle, Prague / Praha, CZ location	Note: coordinates are approximate
		1929-1932	Antonius Church	Bregalnička 14, Beograd Belgrade, Serbia Location	The church represents the beginning of studies on the central sacred building of Plečnik.
		1929-1942	Buildings on Vegova ulica	Vegova Ulica, Ljubljana location	Note: A staircase-like structure with personality monuments
		1930	Plečnik's house with winter garden Wikidata	Karunova ulica 4, Trnovo, Ljubljana, Slovenia location	Plečnik planned to live in this building with his brother and sister. Today there is a museum here.
		1930-1931	Three bridges Wikidata	Adamič-Lundrovo nabrežje 1, Ljubljana, Slovenia Location
		after 1930	Roman wall	Location	The wall was originally supposed to be torn down. On the advice of Plecnik, only the height was reduced and a pyramid was built as a passage at the original height of 6 m.
		1930-1932	Staircases in Prague Castle, bastion garden	Location
		1930-1935	Construction on the Ljubljanica	Trnovski Pristan location
		1931	promenade	Tivoli Park, Ljubljana, Slovenia location
		1931	Bridge over the Trnovo	Karunova ulica 1, Ljubljana, Slovenia, in front of the Tirnau parish church location	One of the few bridges on which trees grow.
		1931-1932	Schuster Bridge	Šuštarski most, Ljubljana, Slovenia Location
		1931-1933	Villa Prelovsek	Zarnikova Ulica, Ljubljana, Slovenia location
		1933	Antonín Švehla's grave	Location
		1933	Alpine Club House Kamniška Bistrica	Kamniška Bistrica 7 location
		1933-1934	Iron House, Peglezen	Poljanska cesta 1, Ljubljana, Slovenia location
		1934	Tobacco kiosk at the three bridges	Stritarjeva ulica, Ljubljana, Slovenia location
		1934	Church of Mary of Lourdes	Vrbanićeva ul. 35, Zagreb, Croatia location
		1934	Presidential residence at Prague Castle	Location
		1934	Virgin Mary statue Bled, Slovenia	Župnijska cerkev sv. Martina, Bled, Slovenia location
		1936	Villa Epos, Bled, Slovenia	Cesta Gorenjskega odreda 1, Bled, Slovenia Location
		1936-1941	National and University Library of Slovenia	Turjaška ulica 1, Ljubljana, Slovenia location	The black marble staircase deserves a special mention
		1937-1938	Michael church and presbytery (1940) in Barje, Cerkev Sv. Mihaela na barju	Črna Vas (Laibacher Moor), Ljubljana, Slovenia Location	He built this church for his nephew, who became a priest there.
		1937-1938	Navje cemetery	Vilharjeva cesta 21, Ljubljana, Slovenia location
		1938	Marian column	St. Jakob Square, Ljubljana, Slovenia location
		1938-1941	Baraga Seminar, Ljubljana University of Applied Sciences	Vilharjeva cesta 11,13,15 Ljubljana, Slovenia Location
		1938-1939	Central cemetery	Zale, Ljubljana, Slovenia location	In this cemetery there is also the Johanneskapelle and the double chapel of St. James and Mary
		1939	Jožamurka	Begunje na Gorenjskem 55a, Slovenia Location
		1940-1942	Market halls on the Ljubljanica	Adamič-Lundrovo nabrežje 3, Ljubljana, Slovenia Location
		1940-1944	Lock on the Ljubljanica river	Most Ljubljanica, Ljubljana, Slovenia location
		1941-1942	Florist at the beginning of the market halls	Adamič-Lundrovo nabrežje 1, Ljubljana, Slovenia Location
		after 1945	War memorial, Ljubljana	Location
		Designed in 1947	Slovenian Parliament	Ljubljana, Slovenia location	Design The over 100 meter high building was to be integrated into the Ljubljana Castle and thus become an act of modernization, as it previously took place in Prague Castle. The design was never realized, but is shown on the reverse of the Slovenian 10-cent coin.
		1947	Villa Bled and Belvedere	Location
		after 1948	Prešernovo gledališče	Kranj, Slovenia location
		1948-1958	Parish Church of the Visitation of Mary, Ponikve, Slovenia	Location
		1952	Križanke open-air theater	Trg francoske revolucije 1/2 Gosposka ulica 18, Ljubljana, Slovenia Location	The open-air theater was created from the conversion of the former German monastery
		1952-1959	Well and stairs, Kranj	at Vodopivčeva ulica 5, Kranj, Slovenia location
		1956	pavilion	Tito-Villa, Brioni-Pula / Brijuni, Croatia Location	Note: coordinates are approximate
			Bežek villa	Koroška cesta, 27, Kranj location
			Vipava / Vipacco / Wippach war memorial	Glavni trg, Vipava, Slovenia location
			Ljudska posojilnica Celje	Vodnikova ulica 2, Celje, Slovenia location

Awards

• Honorary member of the Masarykova Akademie práce (Masaryk Academy of Labor), 1925.
• Castle architect (appointed by President Masaryk), 1926.
• Member of the Akademija znanosti i umetnosti ( Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts ), Ljubljana, 1938
• Honorary citizen of the city of Ljubljana, 1939.
• Yugoslav State Order, 1949.
• Honorary doctorate from the Vienna University of Technology , 1952
• Honorary doctorate from the Ljubljana University of Technology, 1952.
• Corresponding member of the Royal Institute of British Architects , 1954.

500 tolar bill

Appreciation

Jože Plečnik's unrealized design for a parliament building in Ljubljana is shown on the national side of the Slovenian 10-cent coin . The 500 tolar note of the Slovenian currency valid from 1991 to 2007 also shows a portrait of Jože Plečnik.

On October 8, 1987 in Vienna Donaustadt (22nd district) the Plecnikweg was named after him.

literature

in alphabetical order

• Zdeněk Lukeš, Jiři Podrazil (photos), Ester Havlová, Damjan Prelovšek, Oldřich Janota (editor): Jože Plečnik: Guide to Buildings in the Czech Republic . Illustrated book. Foibos, Praha 2012, ISBN 978-80-87073-43-8 .
  • Zdeněk Lukeš, Jiři Podrazil (photos), Ester Havlová, Damjan Prelovšek, Oldřich Janota (editor): Jože Plečnik: průvodce po stavbách v České republice . Illustrated book. Foibos, Praha 2012, ISBN 978-80-87073-41-4 (Czech).
• Damjan Prelovšek: Josef Plečnik, 1872–1957: Architectura perennis . Residence, Salzburg / Vienna 1992, ISBN 3-7017-0779-0 .

• Damjan Prelovšek: Josef Plečnik, Viennese works from 1896 to 1914 . Edition Tusch, Vienna 1979, ISBN 3-85063-000-5 .

• Adolph Stiller: Josef Plečnik - architect in Vienna, Prague and Ljubljana (=  architecture in the Ringturm . Volume 12 ). Pustet, Salzburg / Munich 2006, ISBN 3-7025-0542-3 (on the occasion of the exhibition of the same name in the exhibition center of Wiener Städtische Allgemeine Versicherung in Vienna ).
• Tomáš Valena: The Architectural Garden of the Twenties: Plečnik's Gardens on the Hradschin . In: Die Gartenkunst 3 (1/1991), pp. 49–68.

Web links

Commons : Jože Plečnik  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

• Literature by and about Jože Plečnik in the catalog of the German National Library
• Jože Plečnik. In: arch INFORM .
• nextroom architecture database - discussion of some examples from Plečnik's work
• Slovenia's national architect ( Memento from April 19, 2005 in the Internet Archive ) on Wiener Zeitung from May 12, 2000, accessed on November 3, 2008
• Josef Plecnik. In: Architects Lexicon Vienna 1770–1945. Published by the Architekturzentrum Wien . Vienna 2007.

Individual evidence

1. ^ The grave of Jože Plečnik. In: knerger.de. Klaus Nerger, accessed on October 31, 2018 . 
2. ↑ http://uifs1.zrc-sazu.si/files/AHAS_18_2_PRELOVSEK.pdf
3. ↑ ( page no longer available , search in web archives: archive link )
4. ↑ https://opus4.kobv.de/opus4-bamberg/frontdoor/deliver/index/docId/294/file/2DissCimprBildAe.pdf
5. ↑ http://www.javicarrera.eu/files/Plecnik%20SI%20EN.pdf
6. ↑ Plecnikweg in Vienna History Wiki of the city of Vienna