Imperial Court Victoria
The Kaiserhof Victoria is a hotel complex in Bad Kissingen , in the Lower Franconian district of Bad Kissingen . The Kaiserhof Victoria is one of the Bad Kissingen monuments and is registered in the Bavarian Monument List under number D-6-72-114-4 .
history
The building complex was created from two building units, Am Kurgarten 5 and 7, which were built in the classical style . The Kaiserhof Victoria belongs to the house Collard Am Kurgarten , the West End House in Bismarck Street , the Balling house in the Martin Luther street and the house Boxberger in the Lower Market Street to the distinctive Biedermeier facilities warehouse of the village.
Hotel Karl von Hess
The Hotel Karl von Hess, located on the corner of Kurhausstrasse 7 and Schloßstrasse, was built in 1835/36. The builder of the three-storey property was the privateer and foundation founder Karl von Hess , who comes from Fulda and lives in Hammelburg ; the architect in charge was Johann Gottfried Gutensohn . Contrary to the tradition that began later, builder Karl von Hess did not write himself with "C", but with "K". During his research on Karl von Hess, district home nurse Werner Eberth came across relevant documents, including a handwritten will, signed “Karl von Hess”.
Based on an order from the Kissingen district judge Julius von Rutenhan from 1839, according to which every property in the town should be given a name, Karl von Hess named his spa hotel Hôtel vis à vis Ragoczy. This name, however, was made a few months later reversed, as it the displeasure of King Ludwig I. caught.
When the neighboring Krugmagazin was built in 1839 , the Hess'sche Kurhotel was affected by the noise of the bottling plant opposite the Krugmagazin, which went into operation every morning at 5 a.m. The situation came to an end in 1852 when a new bottling plant was built at today's Salinenstrasse 8.
Prominent guests of the hotel were, for example, Queen Pauline of Württemberg (in 1858) and the Austrian Empress Elisabeth , known as Sisi , who went there alone in 1862 and in 1864 (for the so-called “Kaiser-Kur”) together with her husband Franz Joseph I . visited (see also section “Guest List”). On the occasion of the visit of Empress Elisabeth and her husband Emperor Franz Joseph I in 1865, the Kissingen-based sculptor Michael Arnold made a welcome gate that was set up at the level of the neighboring jug magazine. In the city archives Bad Kissingen has under the process B 9 "into the swimming pool by highest rank and other personalities" will receive a colored design Arnolds. According to an obituary by the Protestant pastor Kai Wiesinger, Arnold was invited to dinner by Empress Elisabeth as a thank you and possibly also received a thank you gift from the Empress.
When Karl von Hess died in 1872, Heinrich Culmbacher from Meiningen took over the hotel for a purchase price of 140,000 guilders. Gustav Collard, who comes from Venlo in the Netherlands and is a partner in the neighboring Russischer Hof (today's address: Kurhausstrasse 9 ) and later owner of Haus Collard ( Am Kurgarten 6 ), had also shown interest in buying it, but proved too hesitant. Culmbacher renamed the hotel the Hotel Victoria and added one floor to it. He also added an annex with a dining room to the rear, which was demolished during a renovation in 1893.
Hotel Kaiser
The Hotel Kaiser, located in a northerly direction next to the Kurhotel Karl von Hess, built in 1835/36, was built in 1839/40 at the instigation of Cornelius Heile, after Karl von Hess, the owner of the neighboring hotel, had tried in vain to acquire the building plot. The four-storey Hotel Kaiser was built one storey higher than the Hessian three-storey hotel building.
Around 1873, Cornelius Heile gave up the spa business in the Hotel Kaiser. The new owner was Johann Kaiser, who renamed it Kaiserhof in 1881.
On April 21, 1884, Wilhelm Todt and his brother took over the imperial court. Under their management, the hotel was connected to the public sewer network in 1887. A battery room was created for the independent power supply, but it was not until 1897/98 that the hotel complex was equipped with electric light. The farm building in Schlossstrasse was extended and provided with two patio towers. Due to the dilapidation, however, the farm building had to be removed during the renovation work in 1993.
The "Kaiser-Kur" from 1864
Empress Elisabeth's spa stay from 1864, when she stayed with her husband Franz Joseph I. Karl von Hess, is known as the "Kaiser-Kur". As part of the “Kaiser-Kur”, the Austrian imperial couple Elisabeth and Franz Joseph I met with the Russian couple Alexander II and Marija Alexandrovna (later came Tsarevich Nikolai Alexandrovich Romanov ), Elisabeth's sister Marie , Queen of the Two Sicilies , and with the Bavarian Ludwig II (Elisabeth's cousin). King Ludwig acted as the host of the Austrian imperial and the Russian tsar couple.
Karl von Württemberg , King of Württemberg, came with his wife Olga and visited the Russian Tsar Alexander II (Olga's brother).
Consolidation to the Imperial Court of Victoria
Beginnings of the new Imperial Court Victoria
The merger of the Kaiserhof and Victoria hotels to form Kaiserhof Victoria took place under the new owners, the Todt brothers, in 1888. The architect Carl Krampf built a connecting tower with a new main entrance between the two houses ; the previous entrances were converted into balconies in 1888 at the Kaiserhof and in 1900 at the Victoria.
Georg Liebscher
On July 31, 1899, hotelier Georg Liebscher (1855–1916) from Munich, who ran the Central-Bahnhof-Hotel there, became the owner of the new hotel complex. He acquired the three-storey neighboring hotel (today Martin-Luther-Straße 9 ) located north in the direction of Martin-Luther-Straße and annexed it to the Kaiserhof Victoria, which means that the hotel complex had the largest extent during his era. The three hotels were visually harmonized with the addition of iron balconies and the pillar porch at the main entrance in 1924.
The dining room at the rear was supplemented with a winter garden in 1904; in 1912 a palm garden was created. In 1914 Georg Liebscher intended to add a fourth floor to the wing on Martin-Luther-Straße (former Hotel Hemmerich / Hailmann, Martin-Luther-Straße 9 ), but withdrew the building application on July 15, 1914.
Georg Friedrich Liebscher
Georg Liebscher died in 1916 at the age of 61, his wife Bertha Liebscher, b. Jais, in 1918 at the age of 58. Their two children Georg Friedrich and Wilhelmine Bertha Liebscher took over the hotel together, although it was mostly run by Georg Friedrich Liebscher. In 1923 Wilhelmine Liebscher married the police officer Ludwig Joseph Dittmeyer, whose family Georg Friedrich Liebscher helped run the hotel. The modernization costs for the guest rooms in the amount of 280,000 Reichsmarks and the inflation forced Liebscher to sell the hotel wing located at Martin-Luther-Straße 9 (former Hotel Hemmerich / Hailmann) to the Bayerische Vereinsbank in 1936 .
In 1931 the Jewish wholesaler and philanthropist Michael Nassatisin stayed at the Imperial Court of Victoria. A few days after his arrival, he died on August 9, 1931 at the age of 54. After he was first buried in the Jewish cemetery in Bad Kissingen , his body was transferred to London; his current burial place is unknown.
The situation between the First and Second World Wars
After the assassination of the Russian tsarist family in 1918 and the subsequent October Revolution , there were practically no guests from Eastern Europe until 1989. Most of the guests came from Western countries and from overseas. As early as the 1920s, members of a new social middle class such as bankers, civil servants, politicians, privateers, employees and workers came to the cure. This was also expressed by the fact that social insurance companies and “SME sanatoriums” came into being. Nevertheless, due to the global economic crisis and the Second World War , the number of guests declined and reached zero in 1945.
Until the end of the war, the Kaiserhof Victoria was used as a retirement home with residents from North Rhine-Westphalia. When the American forces reached Bad Kissingen on April 7, 1945 during the Second World War , the hotel was confiscated; the Liebscher / Dittmeyer family had to leave it within 48 hours and were only allowed to return in 1947.
After the Second World War
In 1951 the Liebscher / Dittmeyer family leased the hotel as a spa and convalescent home to the Bavarian State Association of Workers' Welfare. Georg Friedrich Liebscher sold his inheritance share of 50% to the State Association of Workers' Welfare in 1963. The second half of the hotel was acquired by the Lower Franconia district association of the Arbeiterwohlfahrt in 1981 from the two daughters of the Dittmeyer couple, Dr. Waltraud Baum and Marion Küppers. Under Volker von Truchseß, the then chairman of the Arbeiterwohlfahrt, the Kaiserhof Victoria was renovated at a cost of 7,000,000 DM and transformed into a luxury hotel . The restoration was carried out by the architects Karl Löwenheim and Rudolf Ress. After a five-year occupancy agreement with the Federal Insurance Agency for Salaried Employees brought the hotel a large number of visitors, the renovation costs could no longer be covered, which made plans to transform it into a luxury hotel impossible.
In 1993, the investor Rudi May became the new owner of Kaiserhof Victoria and converted it into a specialist rheumatism clinic. The related renovation and expansion work was carried out with May's company group "Allbau" based on a concept by the clinic operator Eugen Rühle from Bad Urach and based on the plans of the Stuttgart architects Kerler-Armesöder-Braun. In this context, the shed built by Carl Krampf in the park around 1900 was replaced by a bed wing; In addition, the property around the former Dr. Dietz at Schloßstraße 6 added. The facility, renamed Kurklinik Victoria GmbH, signed an occupancy agreement with DAK-Gesundheit .
After the clinic had to cease operations as part of the health reform , the property was converted back into a luxury hotel by the Hotel Kaiserhof Victoria GmbH and has been in operation as Kaiserhof Victoria since December 2008.
architecture
Floor- separating cornices and parapets divide the left (northern) half of today's “Kaiserhof Victoria”, the former “Haus Kaiser”, horizontally. The two wide flat pilaster strips in turn divide the facade vertically into 3x3 axes. In this form, it is the original facade from 1839/40; only the iron balconies were added later. The former entrance to the former "Haus Kaiser" is a staggered three arcade in the central axis of the ground floor.
The right (southern) half of today's "Kaiserhof Victoria", the former "Hotel Carl von Hess", was originally two-story - the current upper floor was added in 1873 - and provided with a main entrance, to which an extensive flight of stairs led a balcony was crowned. The cautiously structured building was probably one of the finest classical buildings in Bad Kissingen in Biedermeier .
With the construction of the connecting tower in 1888 by architect Carl Krampf , both hotel buildings were given a common hotel entrance. The decorative pillar porch was not built until later in 1924.
The former front entrance leads into a vestibule that is divided by four free pillars and equipped with dark paneling. The vestibule leads to the rear wing with the palm garden, the red hall, the ballroom and the winter garden as representative rooms. The palm garden is equipped with glass ceilings and stucco decorations from the Neo-Koko (now the new main entrance). A staircase leads to the Red Hall, which is slightly elevated due to the hillside location, with its painted ceiling. The ballroom is equipped with original chandelier and Art Nouveau leather wallpaper in the parapet area. The winter garden has large window openings enlivened by stained glass.
During the restorations from 1982–1986 and 1993–1995, the wall decorations were exposed and supplemented. The main staircase, with its Wilhelminian style stucco decorations , is located in the middle of the south building.
guest list
The following personalities were guests at Kaiserhof Victoria and its two predecessor hotels.
The personalities sometimes used to complete their visit under a pseudonym ("incognito"), which led local history researcher Edi Hahn to the conclusion that it was difficult for a famous personality to maintain anonymity under the pseudonym for a long time. However, as the district administrator Werner Eberth explained, the pseudonym was intended to enable the noble personalities to complete their stay without the usual protocol constraints.
| date | Course no. | Title and name | photo | hotel |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| June 10, 1857 | 591 | Count of Clam-Gallas with Countess of Clam-Gallas |
Karl von Hess | |
| June 1, 1858 | 304 |
Queen Pauline of Württemberg (under the pseudonym "Countess von Teck") Princess Catharine of Württemberg (under the pseudonym "Countess Catharine von Teck") |
|
Karl von Hess |
| May 16, 1861 | 64 | Friedrich Wilhelm I , Elector of Hesse (under the pseudonym "Herr Graf von Hanau") |
|
Karl von Hess |
| June 2, 1862 | 517 | Empress Elisabeth of Austria-Hungary (under the pseudonym "Countess von Hohenembs") with Major General Alfred von Königsegg-Aulendorf , his wife Paula Countess Königsberg-Aulendorf , born. Countess Bellegarde, Councilor Dr. Fischer, Elisabeth's lady-in-waiting Caroline Countess of Hunyady |
|
Karl von Hess |
| June 16, 1863 | 1307 | Emperor Franz Joseph I and Empress Elisabeth of Austria-Hungary (under the pseudonyms "Herr Graf und Frau Countess von Hohenembs") |
|
Karl von Hess |
| May 2, 1863 | 55 |
Gertrude von Hanau , wife of Friedrich Wilhelm I with her daughter-in-law, Princess Wilhelm von Hessen-Philippsthal-Barchfeld |
|
Hotel Kaiser (Gertrude von Hanau) Karl von Hess (Princess Wilhelm) |
| May 17, 1863 | 207 | Friedrich Wilhelm I, Elector of Hesse (under the pseudonym "Herr Graf von Hanau") |
|
Karl von Hess |
| May 17, 1863 | 208 | His illustrious Lord Bruno Graf zu Ysenburg and Büdingen with his wife |  |
Hotel Kaiser |
| June 22, 1863 | 1579 | His Highness Leopold of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha with wife and Baroness Buttenstein with family |
|
Hotel Kaiser |
| June 16, 1864 so-called "Kaiser-Kur" |
1415 | Emperor Franz Joseph I and Empress Elisabeth of Austria-Hungary (under the pseudonyms "Herr Graf und Frau Countess von Hohenembs") with Count Folliot de Crenneville, Alfred von Königsegg-Aulendorf, Prince Constantin zu Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst, Princess Helene von Thurn and taxis as well as the Countesses Caroline von Hunyady and Paula Königsberg-Aulendorf |
|
Karl von Hess |
| July 2, 1865 | 1972 | Empress Elisabeth of Austria-Hungary (under the pseudonym "Countess von Hohenembs") with Major General Alfred von Königsegg-Aulendorf, his wife Paula Countess Königsberg-Aulendorf, born. Countess Bellegarde, Elisabeth's lady-in-waiting Caroline Countess von Hunyady, Leopold Ritter Bayer von Mörthal |
|
Karl von Hess |
| July 16, 1867 | 2741 | Her Royal Highness Gertrude von Hanau, wife of Friedrich Wilhelm I (under the pseudonym "Fürstin von Hanau") |
|
Karl von Hess |
| June 18, 1867 | 2936 | Prince Yusupov , Chamberlain and real Councilor of His Majesty the Emperor of Russia, with his wife | Hotel Kaiser | |
| August 19, 1867 | 4103 | Duchess Duchess of Buccleuch with Lady Margret, Mary Scott, Lord Henry Scott |
Hotel Kaiser | |
| June 10, 1868 | 1193 | Her Imperial Highness the most noble woman Archduchess Elisabeth of Austria |
|
Karl von Hess |
| July 7, 1868 | 2419 | His Imperial Highness Archduke Karl Ferdinand of Austria |
|
Karl von Hess |
| August 5, 1868 | 3727 | HRH the Grand Duke Ludwig III. from Hesse and the Rhine |
|
Hotel Kaiser |
| June 16, 1869 | 1495 | His Highness the Duke Ernst I of Saxony-Altenburg |
|
Hotel Kaiser |
| July 16, 1870 | 2880 | Her Imperial Highness the Grand Duchess Marie of Mecklenburg-Strelitz and Duchess Caroline of Mecklenburg-Strelitz |
Karl von Hess | |
| July 22, 1871 | 3529 |
Alexandra of Denmark , wife of the Prince of Wales Edward VII (under the pseudonym "Baroness Renfrew") with five children, General Sir William Knollys |
|
Hotel Kaiser |
| August 8, 1871 | 4347 | Mr. Graf Kronborg with his wife Baroness Danneskjold-Samsoe |
Hotel Kaiser | |
| July 6, 1871 | 3175 | Prince Nicolaus of Gagarin | Hotel Victoria | |
| July 23, 1872 | 4170 | His Royal Highness Duke Max Emanuel in Bavaria |
|
Hotel Kaiser |
| July 23, 1872 | 4171 | Her Royal Highnesses Prince and Princess Philipp of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha. Her Royal Highness the Princess Amalie of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha |
|
Hotel Kaiser |
| July 23, 1872 | 4172 | Her Royal Highness Ludwig Prince of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha |
|
Hotel Kaiser |
| June 20, 1876 | 1779 | Mrs. Duchess de Castro with Mr. Count de la Tour en Voivre and Miss McShane |
Hotel Kaiser | |
| July 2, 1876 | 2348 | His Excellency Count Maximilian Coudenhove |
|
Hotel Kaiser |
| July 30, 1876 | 4096 | King of the Two Sicilies Franz II with wife Queen of the Two Sicilies Marie (under the pseudonym "Herr Graf und Frau Countess Trani") |
|
Hotel Kaiser |
| May 14, 1878 | 219 | Her Royal Highness Elisabeth von Sachsen-Altenburg (under the pseudonym "Countess Rastede") |
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|
Hotel Kaiser |
| 1880 | 1842 | Her Royal Highness Grand Duchess of Mecklenburg-Strelitz Augusta Karoline von Cambridge (under the pseudonym "Countess von Schwerin") |
|
Hotel Kaiserhof |
| August 2, 1888 | 6349 | His Highness Prince Günther von Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt |
|
Imperial Court Victoria |
| August 2, 1888 | 6350 | His Excellency Maximilian Graf Coudenhove |
|
Imperial Court Victoria |
| 1897 | 8661 | Princess of Troubetskoy | Imperial Court Victoria | |
| September 1, 1897 | 10774 | His Highness the Thakore Saheb of Mori Von Mori with Mr. Gokal and Curiae |
Imperial Court Victoria |
literature
- Edi Hahn: Kaiser-Kur im Grand Hotel - History and Fates , Bad Kissingen 1996, ISBN 3-925722-12-2
- Denis André Chevalley, Stefan Gerlach: City of Bad Kissingen (= Bavarian State Office for Monument Preservation [Hrsg.]: Monuments in Bavaria . Volume VI.75 / 2 ). Karl M. Lipp Verlag, Munich 1998, ISBN 3-87490-577-2 , p. 12-15 .
- Hotel buildings , in: Georg Dehio : Handbuch der Deutschen Kunstdenkmäler: Handbuch der Deutschen Kunstdenkmäler, Bavaria I: Franconia: The administrative districts of Upper Franconia, Middle Franconia and Lower Franconia: BD I , Deutscher Kunstverlag, Munich a. Berlin, 2nd, revised and supplemented edition, 1999, pp. 71f.
- Bad Kissingen and its guests in the 19th and 20th centuries - Empress Elisabeth of Austria , in: Thomas Ahnert, Peter Weidisch (eds.): 1200 years Bad Kissingen, 801-2001, facets of a city's history . Festschrift for the anniversary year and accompanying volume for the exhibition of the same name. Special publication of the Bad Kissingen city archive. Verlag TA Schachenmayer, Bad Kissingen 2001, ISBN 3-929278-16-2 , p. 116f.
- Werner Eberth : Karl von Hess - The unforgettable benefactor of Hammelburg . Theresienbrunnen-Verlag, Bad Kissingen 2012, pp. 47–60
Web links
See also
Individual evidence
- ^ Denis André Chevalley, Stefan Gerlach: City of Bad Kissingen (= Bavarian State Office for Monument Preservation [Hrsg.]: Monuments in Bavaria . Volume VI.75 / 2 ). Karl M. Lipp Verlag, Munich 1998, ISBN 3-87490-577-2 , p. 30th f .
- ↑ Werner Eberth : Karl von Hess - The unforgettable benefactor of Hammelburg , Theresienbrunnen-Verlag Bad Kissingen, 2012, p. 15f.
- ↑ Werner Eberth: Karl von Hess - The unforgettable benefactor of Hammelburg , Theresienbrunnen-Verlag Bad Kissingen, 2012, p. 75
- ↑ a b Edi Hahn: Kaiser cure in the Grand Hotel - history and fates . Bad Kissingen 1996, ISBN 3-925722-12-2 , p. 30-59 .
- ↑ Werner Eberth: Karl von Hess - The unforgettable benefactor of Hammelburg . Theresienbrunnen-Verlag, Bad Kissingen 2012, p. 54 f .
- ↑ Hanns Klüber: From luxury hotel to rehabilitation clinic "Am Kurpark": The Russian Court in Bad Kissingen , Rehabilitation Clinic "Am Kurpark", LVA Baden-Württemberg (ed.), 2004, ISBN 3-9807826-5-4 , P. 19
- ^ Edi Hahn: Kaiser cure in the Grand Hotel - history and fates . Bad Kissingen 1996, ISBN 3-925722-12-2 , p. 38-42 .
- ^ Denis André Chevalley, Stefan Gerlach: City of Bad Kissingen (= Bavarian State Office for Monument Preservation [Hrsg.]: Monuments in Bavaria . Volume VI.75 / 2 ). Karl M. Lipp Verlag, Munich 1998, ISBN 3-87490-577-2 , p. 66 f .
- ↑ Werner Eberth: Karl von Hess - The unforgettable benefactor of Hammelburg . Theresienbrunnen-Verlag, Bad Kissingen 2012, p. 59
- ^ Denis André Chevalley, Stefan Gerlach: City of Bad Kissingen (= Bavarian State Office for Monument Preservation [Hrsg.]: Monuments in Bavaria . Volume VI.75 / 2 ). Karl M. Lipp Verlag, Munich 1998, ISBN 3-87490-577-2 , p. 14 .
- ^ Edi Hahn: Kaiser cure in the Grand Hotel - history and fates . Bad Kissingen 1996, ISBN 3-925722-12-2 , p. 26th f .
- ↑ Werner Eberth: Karl von Hess - The unforgettable benefactor of Hammelburg . Theresienbrunnen-Verlag, Bad Kissingen 2012, p. 53 f .
Coordinates: 50 ° 11 ′ 49.67 " N , 10 ° 4 ′ 39.3" E