Bartensleben potash and rock salt works
| Bartensleben potash and rock salt works | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| General information about the mine | |||
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| other names | Marie, Burbach | ||
| Mining technology | Chamber construction | ||
| Rare minerals | Sylvin , sylvinite , hard salt , carnallite | ||
| Information about the mining company | |||
| Operating company | Burbach-Kaliwerke AG , later nationalized (GDR), today DBE mbH | ||
| Start of operation | 1897 | ||
| End of operation | 1969 | ||
| Successor use | → Morsleben repository | ||
| Funded raw materials | |||
| Degradation of | Potash salt , rock salt | ||
| Greatest depth | 522 m | ||
| Geographical location | |||
| Coordinates | 52 ° 13 '26.1 " N , 11 ° 6' 7.8" E | ||
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| Location | Schachtweg 3, 39343 Morsleben | ||
| local community | Ingersleben, Beendorf | ||
| District ( NUTS3 ) | Börde, Börde | ||
| country | State of Saxony-Anhalt | ||
| Country | Germany | ||
| District | Magdeburg-Halberstadt potash district | ||
The Bartensleben potash and rock salt works is a former mine with an attached factory for the production of potash fertilizer salts and for the extraction of industrial and table salt in Morsleben and Beendorf , district of Börde in Saxony-Anhalt . The later Burbach Group emerged from the founders' shaft Marie (or Burbach ) . Immediately before and during the Second World War there was an underground armaments factory .
Today the Morsleben nuclear waste repository (ERAM) is located in the mine .
geology
The formation of the salt dome in the upper Allertal
The salt dome of the upper Allertal is one of around 200 known deposits of this type in northern Germany. The salt layers from which this was created formed at the time of the Zechstein around 260 million years ago when seawater evaporated in a shallow basin. This process was repeated several times, so that various alternating layers of rock salt , potash salts and anhydrite were created through supersaturation and precipitation processes . The salt layers were later covered by further deposits and are now at a depth of around 3000 m . In a weak zone between two mountain floes, the salts have penetrated the slopes of the red sandstone (→ halokinesis ). The salt in the upper part of the salt dome was dissolved and washed away by the groundwater. Hardly soluble anhydrite and clay remained . These formed the so-called gypsum hat over the actual salt deposit.
Geographical location and extent
The salt dome of the Upper Allertal extends along the Aller glacial valley about 10 km east of Helmstedt in a southeast-northwest direction over a length of about 40 to 50 km from Eilsleben in Saxony-Anhalt to Grasleben in Lower Saxony . The average width is 2 km. The Lappwald forms the western boundary . It is assumed that the Rothenfelde salt dome is the continuation of a Zechstein saddle, to which the salt dome of the upper Allertal also belongs.
mineralogy
The overburden above the salt dome is formed from clay layers from the Pleistocene . The salt level is about 300 meters deep. The salt dome consists mainly of rock salt with anhydrite and potassium salt deposits, which can consist of sylvin, sylvinite, hard salts or carnallite. The salt deposit is tectonically very strongly folded.
History and technology
Revelation story
The establishment of the potash and rock salt works in Bartensleben goes back to the merchant Gerhard Korte . Korte founded the drilling company Gott mit uns in 1889 to search for potash salts between Weferlingen and Eilsleben. After the test drillings at Walbeck and Beendorf were crowned with success, Korte bought the disused, 1000-part Burbach trade union in Siegerland to relocate it to Beendorf. This was a legal trick to bypass the Prussian state reservation.
Marie mine
From 1897 to 1899 the Burbach union sank a shaft that Korte named after his wife Marie . The clayey overburden was doing without difficulty with water inflows intersected and approached the salt mountains at about 300 meters depth. The Marie shaft had a final depth of 520 meters with a diameter of 5.25 meters. It was lined with clinker masonry , two and a half stones thick , and the watertight tubbing usually used in potash shafts could be dispensed with. Filling points were created at depths of 310 and 360 meters . For days emerged boiler and turbine houses, a steel headframe and the shaft house still preserved.
The scheduled potash mining began on August 31, 1898 . The crude salts were processed in a leased factory in Schönebeck (Elbe) until 1902 , when their own factory was completed in Beendorf. To dispose of the final liquor, a network was built up to the Elbe , which was later connected to the neighboring plants in Ummendorf-Eilsleben , Walbeck (Gerhard) and Braunschweig-Lüneburg . In 1900 the Burbach trade union joined the German Potash Association . The sales quota in 1905 was 34.59 thousandths. Due to the explosive increase in the mining potash pits in the German Reich , the participation in the syndicate in 1910 was only 14.76 thousandths.
After the Bartensleben shaft was completed in 1912, Marie only served as an escape and weather shaft . From 1937 the mine was leased to the Luftwaffe for the production and storage of anti- aircraft ammunition . For use as a U-relocation Bulldogge from 1944, Schacht Marie received a new electrical access device with a lower conveyor frame , which is still in use today, instead of the previous steam hoisting machine .
From 1959 to 1984 an underground chicken fattening was operated in the former mining chambers near the Marie shaft . By switching the lighting on and off in a targeted manner, the poultry was simulated that the day was one hour shorter, which meant that the animals grew faster.
Then from 1987 to 1996 6,445 tons of poisonous, cyanide-containing hardening salts were stored underground. Because of the ban on storing nuclear and conventional hazardous waste together under German law, this waste was retrieved after 1990 and taken to the Herfa-Neurode underground landfill .
Today the Marie mine is part of the Morsleben repository.
Technical data of the drum winder
| Construction year: | 1944, rebuilt in 2002 |
| Drum diameter : | 6000 mm |
| Rope diameter : | 44 mm |
| Rope length: | 550 m |
| Payload : | 4000 kg, 2-level conveyor baskets |
| Conveyor speed : | 4 m / s |
| Drive power: | 770 kW , since 2002 376 kW |
Bartensleben mine
According to Prussian mining law , a second passable exit was required for each mine . Although another potash mine of the Burbach union already existed a short distance from the Marie mine in Walbeck, parts of the Burbach mine field were ceded and the Bartensleben union was founded. From 1910 to 1912, the shaft was sunk 1,600 meters south-southeast of the Burbach mine in the Morsleben district to a depth of 522 meters. Like the Marie shaft, it was also lined with brick.
The mining of potash salts in the Bartensleben field began in 1912. The raw salt obtained was fed to the Burbach factory near the Marie mine. During the excavation of the pit , high-quality rock salts were discovered that seemed suitable as industrial and table salts. Because of the overproduction on the potash market and the general economic crisis at the end of the First World War , the Burbach Group decided to stop potash production at the Burbach plant and to mine rock salt through the Bartensleben mine. The rock salt mining lasted, with interruptions due to military use as a U-relocation Iltis, until 1969. During the GDR era , the salt was driven out of Bartensleben as sun salt .
From 1970, the GDR examined various salt mines for their suitability as a nuclear repository. The decision was made in favor of the Bartensleben mine. After the renovation, which lasted from 1974 to 1978, low and medium-level waste was stored from 1978 to 1991 and from 1994 to 1998 .
Current condition (2012)
The Marie or Burbach mine is located south of Beendorf between Rundahlsweg in the west and Bahnhofsstraße in the east. The shaft hall is still preserved from the original development from 1897. The headframe and hoisting machine house date from the time the underground was relocated in 1944. There are still several storage halls to the east of the shaft.
On the other side of the street, outside the ERAM factory premises, is the former administration building in which the later Burbach Group had its first headquarters.
The daytime facilities of the Bartensleben mine on Schachtweg, northwest of Morsleben, were completely rebuilt during the conversion into a repository for its requirements. Only the listed former porter's house on the ERAM site has been preserved from the original salt mine.
literature
- Dietrich Fulda: Kali: The colorful, bitter salt . VEB German publishing house for basic industry, Leipzig 1990, p. 78 .
- Dietrich Hoffmann: Eleven decades of German potash mining . Verlag Glückauf GmbH, Essen 1972, p. 78 .
- Rainer Slotta : Technical monuments in the Federal Republic of Germany - Volume 3: The potash and rock salt industry . German Mining Museum, Bochum 1980, p. 369-372 .
Web links
- Timeline of the Morsleben repository ( Memento from March 4, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) (PDF; 2.1 MB)
- Lars Baumgarten: The potash u. Rock salt pits in Germany. 6.10 Bartensleben-Marie. In: lars-baumgarten.de. Retrieved March 19, 2015 .
- Early documents and newspaper articles on the Bartensleben potash and rock salt works in the 20th century press kit of the ZBW - Leibniz Information Center for Economics .